History of research concerning the ependyma: a view from inside the human brain

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The history of research concerning ependymal cells is reviewed. Cilia were identified along the surface cerebral ventricles c1835. Numerous anatomical and histopathological studies in late 1800’s showed irregularities that thought to be indicative specific pathologies such as syphilis; this was subsequently disproven. evolution thoughts about functions cilia, possible role ependyma brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, relationship subventricular zone germinal discussed. How advances light electron microscopy cell culture contributed our understanding described. Discoveries supraependymal serotoninergic axon network macrophages are recounted. Finally, consequences loss from different regions central nervous system considered.

Language: Английский

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Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 2332 - 2332

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

There is a growing interest in glial cells the central nervous system due to their important role maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding capacity exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects different pathological conditions. In combination with proliferative potential, they contribute not only limitation damage tissue remodeling but also neuronal repair synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive can modulate processes neurogenesis, differentiation, migration neurons existing neural circuits adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, regulation sequential neurogenesis holds potential unlock strategies that stimulate generation functional neurons, whether response injury as means addressing degenerative neurological Cerebral ischemic stroke, condition falling realm acute vascular disorders affecting circulation brain, stands prominent global cause disability mortality. Extensive investigations into plasticity intricate interactions other have predominantly relied on studies conducted experimental animals, including rodents primates. However, valuable insights gleaned from vivo involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following attempts map cells, various transcription factors modulating gene expression cerebral ischemia gaining increasing popularity. Although results obtained thus far remain incomplete occasionally ambiguous, serve solid foundation for development aimed at influencing recovery process

Language: Английский

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Role of caveolin-1 in metabolic programming of fetal brain

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 107710 - 107710

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Mice lacking caveolin-1 (Cav1), a key protein of plasma membrane, exhibit brain aging at an early adult stage. Here, integrative analyses metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and single-cell data were performed to test the hypothesis that metabolic deregulation fetal due ablation Cav1 is linked in these mice. The results this study show lack caused lipid amino acid metabolism brain, genes associated with deregulated metabolites significantly altered upon aging. Moreover, several specific cell types impacted DNA methylation those coordination mouse epigenetic clock. findings suggest program confounded by abnormalities stage absence Cav1.

Language: Английский

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Nipah virus-associated neuropathology in African green monkeys during acute disease and convalescence

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract Background Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic that causes severe respiratory disease and meningoencephalitis. The pathophysiology of meningoencephalitis poorly understood. Methods We have collected the brains African green monkeys during multiple virus, Bangladesh studies, resulting in 14 with virus-associated lesions. Results lesions seen brain infected were very similar to those observed humans Malaysia infection. viral RNA antigen within neurons endothelial cells, encephalitis foci uninflamed portions central nervous system (CNS). CD8+ T cells had a consistently high prevalence CNS developed UNet model for quantifying visualizing inflammation high-throughput unbiased manner. While lesions, revealed CD68+ numerically immune cell highest virus-infected animals. Conclusions Our study provides in-depth analysis on infection primates, similarities between patients animals our validate this model.

Language: Английский

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Age-Related Cerebral Ventriculomegaly occurs in Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Abstract Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder causing motile dysfunction primarily affecting the respiratory and reproductive systems. However, impact of PCD on central nervous system, through cilia in multiciliated ependymal cells, remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that patients with exhibit sub-clinical ventriculomegaly due to dysfunction, which may influence neuropsychiatric diagnoses. demonstrated highly specific expression levels known PCD-related genes human brain cells ( p <0.0001), supporting their potential role regulating function. Computed tomography sinus images from n =33) age/sex-matched controls =64) were analysed. Patients displayed significantly larger ventricular areas <0.0001) Evans index <0.01), indicating was consistent across all subgroups. Ventricular enlargement correlated positively increasing age compared <0.001). Chart review high prevalence (39%) neuropsychiatric/neurological disorders adult did not correlate degree ventriculomegaly. Our findings suggest have unrecognized, mild potentially correlates ageing. Further study required determine if contributes or other morbidity PCD.

Language: Английский

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