The assessment of dysphagia after stroke: state of the art and future directions

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 858 - 870

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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Nonlinearity in Memristors for Neuromorphic Dynamic Systems

Small Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

As semiconductor technology enters the more than Moore era, there exists an apparent contradiction between rapidly growing demands for data processing and visible inefficiency rooted in traditional computing architecture. Neuromorphic systems hold great prospects enabling a new generation of paradigm that can address this issue, which device components with rich dynamics nonlinearity. Herein, nonlinearity memristive devices their application building neuromorphic dynamic are reviewed. The internal mechanisms endow reviewed subsequently nonlinear spiking neurons implemented utilizing physical processes memristors shown. Typical examples on based summarized, including reservoir, oscillatory neural network, chaotic computing. Finally, outlook development is given.

Language: Английский

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Is there a user-friendly building unit to replicate rhythmic patterns of CPG systems? Synchrony transition and application of the delayed bursting-HCO model

Chaos Solitons & Fractals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 114820 - 114820

Published: April 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Flexible Neuromorphic Electronics for Wearable Near‐Sensor and In‐Sensor Computing Systems

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Abstract Flexible neuromorphic architectures that emulate biological cognitive systems hold great promise for smart wearable electronics. To realize neuro‐inspired sensing and computing electronics, artificial sensory neurons detect process external stimuli must be integrated with central nervous capable of parallel computation. In near‐sensor computing, synaptic devices, sensors are used to receptors, respectively. contrast, in in‐sensor a single multifunctional device serves as both the receptor neuron. Bio‐inspired efficiently through data structuring techniques, significantly reducing volume enabling extension applications systems. construct near‐ it is crucial develop synapses replicate functionalities. Additionally, exhibit high mechanical flexibility integration density. This review addresses research on flexible bio‐inspired systems, classified into computing. It covers fundamental aspects, including processes, required components, structures each component, well Finally, offers perspectives future directions electronics connected next‐generation Internet Things.

Language: Английский

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Programmable coupled oscillators for synchronized locomotion

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract The striking similarity between biological locomotion gaits and the evolution of phase patterns in coupled oscillatory network can be traced to role central pattern generator located spinal cord. Bio-inspired robotics aim at harnessing this control approach for generation rhythmic synchronized limb movement. Here, we utilize phenomenon synchronization emergent spatiotemporal from interaction among oscillators generate a range gait patterns. We experimentally demonstrate using capacitively Vanadium Dioxide nano-oscillators. exhibit stable limit-cycle oscillations tunable natural frequencies real-time programmability phase-pattern. ultra-compact 1 Transistor-1 Resistor implementation oscillator bidirectional capacitive coupling allow small footprint area low operating power. Compared biomimetic CMOS based neuron synapse models, our design simplifies on-chip tunability by reducing number parameters.

Language: Английский

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AI-CPG: Adaptive Imitated Central Pattern Generators for Bipedal Locomotion Learned Through Reinforced Reflex Neural Networks

IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 5190 - 5197

Published: April 15, 2024

Humans have many redundancies in their bodies and can make effective use of them to adapt changes the environment while walking. They also vary walking speed a wide range. Human-like simulation or by robots be achieved through imitation learning. However, is typically limited scale similar examples used for imitation. Achieving efficient adaptable locomotion controllers range from running quite challenging. We propose novel approach named adaptive imitated central pattern generators (AI-CPG) that combines (CPGs) deep reinforcement learning (DRL) enhance humanoid locomotion. Our method involves training CPG-like controller learning, generating rhythmic feedforward activity patterns. DRL not CPG parameter tuning; instead, it applied forming reflex neural network, which adjust patterns based on sensory feedback, enabling stable body balancing environmental target velocity changes. Experiments with 28-degree-of-freedom simulated demonstrated our outperformed existing methods terms adaptability, ability, energy efficiency even uneven surfaces. This study contributes develop versatile locomotions diverse environments.

Language: Английский

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hiPSC-derived NSCs effectively promote the functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in mice

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 11, 2021

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disease that results in motor and sensory disorders even lifelong paralysis. The transplantation of stem cells, such as embryonic cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent (iPSCs), mesenchymal (MSCs), or subsequently generated stem/progenitor predicted to be promising treatment for SCI. In this study, we aimed investigate effect human iPSC-derived neural (hiPSC-NSCs) umbilical cord-derived MSCs (huMSCs) mouse model acute Methods Acute SCI mice were established randomly treated phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control group), repaired with 1 × 10 5 hiPSC-NSCs (NSC huMSCs (MSC respectively, total 54 ( n = 18 each). Hind limb function was evaluated open-field tests using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) at days post-operation (dpo) 1, 3, 5, 7 after spinal injury, weekly thereafter. serum samples harvested dpo 7, 14, 21. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining Masson used evaluate morphological changes fibrosis area. differentiation transplanted vivo immunohistochemical staining. Results hiPSC-NSC-treated group presented significantly smaller glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive area than MSC-treated all time points. Additionally, MSC-transplanted had similar GFAP+ receiving PBS. At immunostained SRY-related high-mobility-group (HMG)-box protein-2 (SOX2). Furthermore, differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes beta-III tubulin-positive neurons, whereas astrocytes. addition, hiPSC-NSC reduced formation inflammation level. Compared control huMSC group, exhibited improved behaviours, particularly coordination. Conclusions HiPSC-NSCs promote functional recovery by replacing missing neurons attenuating fibrosis, scar formation, inflammation. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Nociceptive pain and anxiety in equines: Physiological and behavioral alterations

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2984 - 2995

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

Pain and anxiety are two of the most important concerns in clinical veterinary medicine because they arise as consequences multiple factors that can severely affect animal welfare. The aim present review was to provide a description interpretation physiological behavioral alterations associated with pain equines. To this end, we conducted an extensive diverse sources on topic. article begins by describing neurophysiological pathway pain, followed discussion importance limbic system responses anxiety, since prolonged exposure situations cause stress generates such changes tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hyperthermia, heart rate variability (HRV), often accompanied altered emotional states, deficient rest, even aggressiveness. In long term, animals may show deficiencies their ability deal environment due functioning immune, nervous, endocrinologic systems. conclusion, directly impact homeostasis organisms, so it is necessary conduct objective evaluations both sensations using scales, like horse grimace scale, complemented assessments blood biomarkers analyze correlation parameters: Heart rate, respiratory HRV, parasympathetic tone activity index, lactate glucose levels, temperature. Additional tools – infrared thermography, for example also be used these efforts improve quality life welfare horses.

Language: Английский

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Reverse Triggering during Controlled Ventilation: From Physiology to Clinical Management

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 207(5), P. 533 - 543

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Reverse triggering dyssynchrony is a frequent phenomenon recently recognized in sedated critically ill patients under controlled ventilation. It occurs at least 30-55% of these and often the transition from fully passive to assisted mechanical During reverse triggering, patient inspiratory efforts start after insufflation by breaths. The most referred mechanism entrainment patient's intrinsic respiratory rhythm brainstem centers periodic insufflations ventilator. However, might also occur because local reflexes without involving generator brainstem. observed during acute phase disease, when may be susceptible potential deleterious consequences injurious or asynchronous efforts. Diagnosing challenging can easily missed. Inspection ventilator waveforms more sophisticated methods, such as electrical activity diaphragm esophageal pressure, used for diagnosis. occurrence have clinical consequences. On basis physiological data, beneficial lung, depending on magnitude effort. cause breath-stacking loss protective lung ventilation second cycle. Little known about how manage with triggering; however, available evidence guide management principles.

Language: Английский

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Rare phenomena of central rhythm and pattern generation in a case of complete spinal cord injury

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 6, 2023

Abstract Lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs) control the basic rhythm and coordinate muscle activation underlying hindlimb locomotion in quadrupedal mammals. The existence function of CPGs humans have remained controversial. Here, we investigated a case male individual with complete thoracic spinal cord injury who presented rare form self-sustained rhythmic myoclonus legs activities induced by epidural electrical stimulation (EES). Analysis patterns suggested that tapped into circuits generate spasms, rather than reflecting locomotor CPG activity as previously thought. EES-induced were fundamentally different they included flexor-extensor left-right alternations, hallmarks CPGs, showed spontaneous errors rhythmicity. These motor deletions, preserved cycle frequency period when resumed, reported only animal studies suggest separation between generation formation. Spinal demonstrate human lumbar contains distinct mechanisms for generating multi-muscle patterns.

Language: Английский

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