Effects of the overall paradigm context on intensity deviant responses in healthy subjects

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Three experiments have been carried out to explore Mismatch Negativity responses intensity deviants in a roving deviant paradigm control and tinnitus groups. The first experiment used interspersed blocks of two tinnitus-like frequencies set by each participant with tinnitus, which were usually around 1/3 an octave apart. On the other hand, later studies tones at 1 kHz. This was only difference paradigms used, however, there differences patterns displayed group study compared two. groups healthy controls recruited measure when different for alternating blocks. For one group, whole single frequency; next, played 6 kHz frequency below (small difference); last presented that had (large difference). Overall, small opposite large group. It would be useful see whether these results generalise designs such as attended ignored stimulus conditions, durations, non-isochronous, or deviants.

Language: Английский

---

Deviance detection to natural stimuli in population responses of the brainstem of bats

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e1588232023 - e1588232023

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Deviance detection describes an increase of neural response strength caused by a stimulus with low probability occurrence. This ubiquitous phenomenon has been reported for humans and multiple other species, from subthalamic areas to the auditory cortex. Cortical deviance well characterised range studies using variety different stimuli, artificial natural, without behavioural relevance. allowed identification broad regularity deviations that are detected Moreover, subcortical studied simple stimuli not meaningful subject. Here, we aim bridge this gap noninvasively recorded brainstem responses (ABRs) investigate at population level in lower stations system highly vocal species: bat Carollia perspicillata (of either sex). Our present approach uses behaviourally relevant vocalisation similar animals’ natural soundscape. We show ABRs is significantly stronger echolocation pulses than social communication calls or sounds, indicating depends on meaning stimulus. Additionally, complex physical sound features like frequency- amplitude-modulation affected ABR. In summary, our results suggest brain can detect types deviants already brainstem, showing structures exhibit more advanced forms previously known. Significance statement Bats, all mammals, rely regulations their acoustic environment. phenomenon, called detection, intensively past keeps gaining attention field electrophysiology. Over time, impressive complexity could be shown, both animal human studies. However, were so far only demonstrated high-level structures. study, beyond frequency changes lowest pathway, brainstem. These potentially feedback mediated effects contribute saving resources very early processing sounds.

Language: Английский

---

The influence of stimulus history on directional coding in the monarch butterfly brain

Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 209(4), P. 663 - 677

Published: April 24, 2023

Abstract The central complex is a brain region in the insect that houses neural network specialized to encode directional information. Directional coding has traditionally been investigated with compass cues revolve full rotations and at constant angular velocities around insect’s head. However, these stimulus conditions do not fully simulate an sensory perception of during navigation. In nature, flight characterized by abrupt changes moving direction as well velocity. influence such varying cue dynamics on remains unclear. We performed long-term tetrode recordings from monarch butterflies study how neurons respond different directions. As derive information sun migration, we measured response virtual sun. was either presented spot appeared random positions or rotated butterfly By specifically manipulating velocity trajectory, dissociated coding. While substantially affected tuning directedness, trajectory influenced shape curve. Taken together, our results suggest flexibly adjusts its current ensuring precise even under highly demanding rapid maneuvers.

Language: Английский

---

Responses to oddball communication sequences in the bat frontal and auditory cortices

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Abstract Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the animal kingdom across sensory modalities, but this type of neural response has rarely been studied using natural sounds auditory brain. Here, we leveraged well-documented acoustic repertoire bat species Carollia perspicillata to study brain communication sounds. We searched for SSA single neuron spiking activity measured two areas simultaneously: cortex and frontal field. The stimuli consisted distress syllables, form vocalization produced by bats under duress. Bat vocalizations signal different degrees urgency based on their amplitude modulation pattern, without large differences spectral structure. These make an ideal test case exploring limits deviance detection when considering naturalistic soundscapes with low stimulus contrast. results show limited evidence stimulus-specific sound sequences majority neurons studied. Many did prominent effect related context-dependent changes, caused that occurred most frequently within each oddball sequence. Context-dependent responses were strongest neurons. Decoding analysis showed existence populations both cortices, which could distinguish between deviants standards occurring same sequence, changes evoked spike counts. Taken together, our highlight diversity mechanisms complementing classical encoding do not differ markedly composition.

Language: Английский

---

Novelty detection in an auditory oddball task on freely moving rats

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

The relative importance or saliency of sensory inputs depend on the animal's environmental context and behavioural responses to these same can vary over time. Here we show how freely moving rats, trained discriminate between deviant tones embedded in a regular pattern repeating stimuli different variations classic oddball paradigm, detect tones, this discriminability resembles properties that are typical neuronal adaptation described previous studies. Moreover, auditory brainstem response (ABR) latency decreases after training, finding consistent with notion animals develop type plasticity stimuli. Our study suggests existence form long-term memory may modulate level according its relevance, sets ground for future experiments will help disentangle functional mechanisms govern habituation relation adaptation.

Language: Английский

---

A perspective on neuroethology: what the past teaches us about the future of neuroethology

Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 210(2), P. 325 - 346

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Abstract For 100 years, the Journal of Comparative Physiology-A has significantly supported research in field neuroethology. The celebration journal’s centennial is a great time point to appreciate recent progress neuroethology and discuss possible avenues field. Animal behavior main source inspiration for neuroethologists. This illustrated by huge diversity investigated behaviors species. To explain at mechanistic level, neuroethologists combine neuroscientific approaches with sophisticated behavioral analysis. rapid technological neuroscience makes highly dynamic exciting research. summarize scientific neuroethology, I went through all abstracts last six International Congresses Neuroethology (ICNs 2010–2022) categorized them based on sensory modalities, experimental model species, topics. highlights gives us perspective field’s future. At end, highlight three topics that may, among others, influence future hope sharing my roots may inspire other scientists follow neuroethological approaches.

Language: Английский

---

A neuron model with unbalanced synaptic weights explains the asymmetric effects of anaesthesia on the auditory cortex

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. e3002013 - e3002013

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Substantial progress in the field of neuroscience has been made from anaesthetized preparations. Ketamine is one most used drugs electrophysiology studies, but how ketamine affects neuronal responses poorly understood. Here, we vivo and computational modelling to study auditory cortex bats responds vocalisations under anaesthesia wakefulness. In wakefulness, acoustic context increases discrimination natural sounds. Neuron models predicted that contextual sounds regardless type heard by animals (echolocation or communication sounds). However, empirical evidence showed effect occurs only if consists low-pitched (e.g., calls bats). Using data, updated naïve show differential effects on cortical can be mediated unbalanced changes firing rate feedforward inputs cortex, depression thalamo-cortical synaptic receptors. Combined, our findings obtained silico reveal mechanisms which vocalisations.

Language: Английский

---

Cerebellar activity predicts vocalization in fruit bats

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(21), P. 5112 - 5119.e3

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Echolocating bats exhibit remarkable auditory behaviors, enabled by adaptations both within and outside their system. Yet research on echolocating has focused mostly brain areas that belong to the classic ascending pathway. This study provides direct evidence linking cerebellum, an evolutionarily ancient non-classic structure, vocalization hearing. We report in fruit-eating bat Carollia perspicillata, external sounds can evoke cerebellar responses with latencies below 20 ms. Such fast are indicative of early inputs cerebellum. After establishing as a good model responses, we searched for neural correlate vocal production investigated spike trains field potentials occurring before after found type sound produced (echolocation pulses or communication calls) be decoded from pre-vocal post-vocal signals, prediction accuracies reach above 85%. The latter motor-coordination structure lies Taken together, our findings provide specializations hearing cerebellum specialist.

Language: Английский

---

Neural Processing of Naturalistic Echolocation Signals in Bats

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 18, 2022

Echolocation behavior, a navigation strategy based on acoustic signals, allows scientists to explore neural processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli. For the purpose orientation, bats broadcast echolocation calls and extract spatial information from echoes. Because control call emission thus availability information, behavioral relevance these signals is undiscussable. While most neurophysiological studies, conducted in past, used synthesized stimuli that mimic portions recent progress has been made understand how naturalistic are encoded bat brain. Here, we review does stimulus history affect processing, multiple objects embedded naturalistic, noisy environment processed We end our by discussing huge potential state-of-the-art recording techniques provide gain more complete picture neuroethology behavior.

Language: Английский

---

Spectrally non-overlapping background noise disturbs echolocation via acoustic masking in the CF-FM bat, Hipposideros pratti

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The environment noise may disturb animal behavior and echolocation via three potential mechanisms: acoustic masking, reduced attention avoidance. Compared with the mechanisms of avoidance, masking is thought to occur only when signal background overlap spectrally temporally. In this study, we investigated effects non-overlapping on pulses electrophysiological responses a constant frequency-frequency modulation (CF-FM) bat, Hipposideros pratti. We found that H. pratti called at higher intensities while keeping CFs their consistent. Electrophysiological tests indicated could decrease auditory sensitivity sharp intensity tuning, suggesting imparts an effect. Because anthropogenic noises are usually concentrated low frequencies bat's pulses, our results provide further evidence negative consequences noise. On basis, sound warning against in foraging habitats echolocating bats.

Language: Английский

---