Locus coeruleus: a new look at the blue spot

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 644 - 659

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020)

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 23, 2021

Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research. Contemporaneously, tVNS can be achieved by stimulating either auricular branch or cervical bundle nerve, referred to as stimulation(VNS) VNS, respectively. In order advance field a systematic manner, studies using these technologies need adequately report sufficient methodological detail enable comparison results between studies, replication well enhancing study participant safety. We systematically reviewed existing literature evaluate current reporting practices. Based on this review, consensus among participating authors, we propose set minimal items guide future studies. The suggested address specific technical aspects device parameters. also cover general recommendations including inclusion exclusion criteria for participants, outcome parameters detailed side effects. Furthermore, review strategies used identify optimal given research setting summarize ongoing developments animal with potential implications application humans. Finally, discuss associated challenges several disciplines practice.

Language: Английский

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Locus coeruleus norepinephrine activity mediates sensory-evoked awakenings from sleep

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(15)

Published: April 8, 2020

A defining feature of sleep is reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, but the mechanisms mediating sensory-evoked arousal remain unclear. We hypothesized that locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) activity during mediates unresponsiveness, and its action promotes awakenings. tested this using electrophysiological, behavioral, pharmacological, optogenetic techniques alongside auditory stimulation in freely behaving rats. found systemic reduction NE signaling lowered probability sound-evoked awakenings (SEAs). The level tonic LC anticipated SEAs. Optogenetic activation promoted as evident sleep-wake transitions, EEG desynchronization, pupil dilation. Minimal excitation before sound presentation increased SEA probability. silencing a soma-targeted anion-conducting channelrhodopsin (stGtACR2) suppressed spiking constricted pupils. Brief periods opto-silencing Thus, LC-NE determines likelihood awakenings, constitutes key factor behavioral unresponsiveness.

Language: Английский

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Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine in Learned Behavior: Anatomical Modularity and Spatiotemporal Integration in Targets

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 7, 2021

The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in brain. LC receives input from widespread brain regions, and projects throughout forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord. neurons release NE to control arousal, but also context variety sensory-motor behavioral functions. Despite its brain-wide effects, much about role LC-NE behavior circuits controlling activity unknown. New evidence suggests that modular input-output organization could enable transient, task-specific modulation distinct regions. Future work must further assess whether this spatial modularity coincides with functional differences subpopulations acting at specific times, how such spatiotemporal specificity might influence learned behaviors. Here, we summarize state field present new ideas on

Language: Английский

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Pupil diameter is not an accurate real-time readout of locus coeruleus activity

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC). However, how accurately it can be used to index LC not known. To address this question, we established graded relationship between pupil size changes and spiking mice, where dilation increased monotonically with number spikes. exists substantial variability such that only predict small fraction on moment-by-moment basis. In addition, exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations response identical optical stimulation LC. The variations pupil-LC were strongly correlated decision bias-related behavioral variables. Together, our data show an overall activity, further suggest dynamically modulated by brain states, supporting extending previous findings (Yang et al., 2021).

Language: Английский

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The integrated brain network that controls respiration

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2023

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration ensures that the frequency and depth breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In addition, respiratory control network has organize muscular synergies integrate ventilation with posture body movement. Finally, coupled cardiovascular emotion. Here, we argue can handle this all by integrating brainstem central pattern generator circuit in larger also comprises cerebellum. Although currently not generally recognized as center, cerebellum well known for its coordinating modulating role motor behavior, autonomic nervous system. review, discuss regions involved respiration, their anatomical functional interactions. We how sensory feedback result adaptation these mechanisms be compromised various neurological psychological disorders. demonstrate generators are part integrated regions.

Language: Английский

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Importance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in sleep-wake regulation: Implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 101592 - 101592

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for regulation of wakefulness and sleep, this picture has recently been elaborated thanks to methodological advances in precise investigation experimental modulation LC structure functions. This review presents discusses findings that support major role LC-NE at different levels sleep-wake organization, ranging from its involvement overall architecture cycle associations with sleep microstructure, while accounting intricate neuroanatomy surrounding LC. Given particular position held by being intersection dysregulation initial pathophysiological processes Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conclude examining emerging opportunities investigate mediated relationships between alteration AD human aging. We further propose several research perspectives could promising target identification at-risk individuals preclinical stages AD, development novel preventive interventions.

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic and noradrenergic axonal activity contains a behavioral-state signal that is coordinated across the dorsal cortex

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 27, 2023

Fluctuations in brain and behavioral state are supported by broadly projecting neuromodulatory systems. In this study, we use mesoscale two-photon calcium imaging to examine spontaneous activity of cholinergic noradrenergic axons awake mice order determine the interaction between arousal/movement transitions across dorsal cortex at distances separated up 4 mm. We confirm that GCaMP6s within axonal projections both basal forebrain locus coeruleus neurons track arousal, indexed as pupil diameter, changes engagement, reflected bouts whisker movement and/or locomotion. The broad coordination even distant segments indicates these systems can communicate, part, through a global signal, especially relation state. addition coordinated activity, also find evidence subpopulation may exhibit heterogeneity appears be independent our measures By monitoring interneurons cortex, found cells state-dependent (arousal/movement) activity. These results demonstrate provide prominent synchronized signal related state, therefore contribute cortical excitability.

Language: Английский

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The locus coeruleus broadcasts prediction errors across the cortex to promote sensorimotor plasticity

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Prediction errors are differences between expected and actual sensory input thought to be key computational signals that drive learning related plasticity. One way prediction could is by activating neuromodulatory systems gate The catecholaminergic locus coeruleus (LC) a major system involved in neuronal plasticity the cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging mice exploring virtual environment, we found activity of LC axons cortex correlated with magnitude unsigned visuomotor errors. response profiles were similar both motor visual cortical areas, indicating broadcast throughout dorsal While layer 2/3 primary cortex, optogenetic stimulation facilitated stimulus-specific suppression responses during locomotion. This - induced minutes recapitulated effect on scale normally observed development across days. We conclude activity, facilitates sensorimotor consistent role modulating rates.

Language: Английский

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Sensitive multicolor indicators for monitoring norepinephrine in vivo

Nature Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 1426 - 1436

Published: July 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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