Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease: An Updated Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(15), P. 8208 - 8208

Published: July 30, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative and accounts for most cases of dementia. The prevalence AD has increased in the current rapidly aging society contributes to heavy burden on families society. Despite profound impact AD, treatments are unable achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects or stop progression disease. Finding novel become urgent. In this paper, we reviewed approaches five categories: anti-amyloid therapy, anti-tau anti-neuroinflammatory neuroprotective agents including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulators, brain stimulation. trend development shifting from single pathological target more complex mechanism, such as neuroinflammatory processes. While drug repositioning may accelerate pharmacological development, non-pharmacological interventions, especially repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) direct (tDCS), also have potential clinical application. future, it possible physicians choose appropriate interventions individually basis precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Abstract Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been investigated as a novel neuromodulation tool. Although taVNS is generally considered safe with only mild and transient adverse effects (AEs), those specifically caused by have not yet investigated. This systematic review meta-analysis on aimed to (1) systematically analyze study characteristics AE assessment, (2) characterize possible AEs their incidence, (3) search for predictable risk factors, (4) the severity of AE, (5) suggest an evidence-based events questionnaire safety monitoring. The articles searched were published through April 7, 2022, in Medline, Embase, Web Science, Cochrane, Lilacs databases. In general, we evaluated 177 studies that assessed 6322 subjects. From these, 55.37% did mention presence or absence any AEs; 24.86% described at least one event occurred. 35 reporting number subjects event, meta-analytic approach calculate differences developing between active controls was used. overall incidence rate calculated total reported 100,000 person-minutes-days scale. There no controls. 12.84/100,000 stimulation, most frequently ear pain, headache, tingling. Almost half report AEs. We attribute this studies. causal relationship severe events. first transcutaneous safety. Overall, feasible option clinical intervention.

Language: Английский

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Clinical application of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a scoping review

Disability and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(24), P. 5730 - 5760

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation therapy. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic use of taVNS, optimal parameters, effective sham protocols, and safety.

Language: Английский

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Stimulate to Remember? The Effects of Short Burst of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) on Memory Performance and Pupil Dilation

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The decline in noradrenergic (NE) locus coeruleus (LC) function aging is thought to be implicated episodic memory decline. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which supports LC function, might serve preserve or improve aging. However, taVNS effects are generally very heterogeneous, and it currently unclear whether has an effect on memory. In this study, emotional task with negative events involving the LC‐NE system was combined short burst of event‐related (3 s) younger adults ( N = 24). aim investigate taVNS‐induced changes pupil dilation during encoding possible improvements (emotional) performance for early delayed (24 h) recognition. Negative were associated increased better performance. Additionally, real as compared sham no selectively events. Short bursts stimulation, sham, led increase improvement over time, likely due attention‐inducing sensory modulation electrical stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Does transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation alter pupil dilation? A living Bayesian meta-analysis

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 148 - 157

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Clinical neurocardiology: defining the value of neuroscience‐based cardiovascular therapeutics – 2024 update

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

The intricate role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in regulating cardiac physiology has long been recognized. Aberrant function ANS is central to pathophysiology cardiovascular diseases. It stands reason, therefore, that neuroscience-based therapeutics hold great promise treatment diseases humans. A decade after inaugural edition, this White Paper reviews current state understanding human neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and specific disease conditions, testing, risk stratification, neuromodulatory strategies mitigate progression

Language: Английский

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A Review of Parameter Settings for Invasive and Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Applied in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 13, 2021

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established form of neuromodulation with a long history promising applications. Earliest reports VNS in the literature date to late 1800's experiments conducted by Dr. James Corning. Over past century, both invasive and non-invasive have demonstrated promise treating variety disorders, including epilepsy, depression, post-stroke motor rehabilitation. As continues rapidly grow popularity application, field generally lacks consensus on optimum parameters. Stimulation parameters significant impact efficacy neuromodulation, here we will describe longitudinal evolution following categorical progression: (1) animal models, (2) (3) treatment resistant (4) neuroplasticity rehabilitation, (5) transcutaneous auricular (taVNS). We additionally offer historical perspective various applications summarize range most commonly used over 130 implanted studies five

Language: Английский

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Does transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation affect vagally mediated heart rate variability? A living and interactive Bayesian meta‐analysis

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(11)

Published: Sept. 2, 2021

Abstract Non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve (taVNS), have considerable potential for clinical use. Beneficial effects of taVNS been demonstrated on symptoms in patients with mental or neurological disorders well transdiagnostic dimensions, including mood and motivation. However, since research is still an emerging field, the underlying neurophysiological processes are not yet fully understood, replicability findings biomarkers has questioned. The objective this analysis was to synthesize current evidence concerning vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a candidate biomarker that has, so far, received most attention field. We performed living Bayesian random meta‐analysis. To keep synthesis transparent up date new studies being published, we developed Shiny web app regularly incorporates results enables users modify study selection criteria evaluate robustness inference across confounds. Our focuses 16 single‐blind comparing versus sham healthy participants. meta‐analysis provides strong null hypothesis ( g = 0.014, CI shortest [−0.103, 0.132], BF 01 24.678), indicating acute does alter vmHRV compared sham. conclude, there no support robust taVNS. By increasing transparency timeliness, concept meta‐analyses can lead transformational benefits fields non‐invasive stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Stress and aging: A neurovisceral integration perspective

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(7)

Published: March 15, 2021

Abstract Darwin emphasized the intimate relationship between brain and heart over 150 years ago. Healthy aging is associated with significant changes in both heart. The these, two most important organs of body, are linked via vagus nerve. In this review, we examine normative effect that stress may have on how brain–heart connection age. We provide a framework based concept neurovisceral integration propose regulation emotion regulation. As such, studies investigated yield insights into successful helps protect people from age‐related decline. addition, interventions improve health also vice versa. conclude by noting sex ethnic differences exist but future needed to more fully explicate they moderate associations aging.

Language: Английский

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A pilot randomized controlled trial of supervised, at-home, self-administered transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) to manage long COVID symptoms

Bioelectronic Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Although the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has now impacted world for over two years, persistent secondary neuropsychiatric effects are still not fully understood. These "long COVID" symptoms, also referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), can persist months after without any effective treatments. Long COVID involves a complex heterogenous symptomology and lead disability limit work. symptoms may be due sustained inflammatory responses prolonged immune response infection. Interestingly, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have anti-inflammatory effects, however, until recently, VNS could self-administered, at-home, noninvasively.We created double-blind, noninvasive transcutaneous auricular (taVNS) system that self-administered at home with simultaneous remote monitoring physiological biomarkers video supervision by study staff. Subsequently, we carried out pilot (n = 13) randomized, sham-controlled, trial this four weeks treat nine predefined long covid (anxiety, depression, vertigo, anosmia, ageusia, headaches, fatigue, irritability, brain fog). No in-person patient contact was needed, informed consent, trainings, ratings, all procedures being conducted remotely during (2020-2021) equipment shipped individuals' homes. This registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier: NCT04638673 November 20, 2020.Four-weeks at-home taVNS (two, one-hour sessions daily, delivered suprathreshold intensities) feasible safe. our powered determine efficacy an intervention in population, trends data suggest mild moderate effect reducing mental fatigue subset individuals.This innovative demonstrates safety feasibility supervised contactless protocol suggests future studies safely investigate novel form variety motor recovery applications.

Language: Английский

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