Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
37(3), P. 610 - 625
Published: Dec. 5, 2016
Retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
are
frequently
divided
into
functional
types
by
their
ability
to
extract
and
relay
specific
features
from
a
visual
scene,
such
as
the
capacity
discern
local
or
global
motion,
direction
of
stimulus
orientation,
contrast
uniformity,
presence
large
small
objects.
Here
we
introduce
three
previously
uncharacterized,
nondirection-selective
ON–OFF
RGC
that
represent
distinct
set
feature
detectors
in
mouse
retina.
The
high-definition
(HD)
RGCs
possess
receptive-field
centers
strong
surround
suppression.
They
respond
selectively
objects
sizes,
speeds,
motion.
We
present
comprehensive
morphological
characterization
HD
physiological
recordings
light
responses,
size
structure,
synaptic
mechanisms
also
explore
similarities
differences
between
well
characterized
with
comparably
receptive
field,
edge
detector,
response
moving
textures.
model
populations
each
type
study
how
they
differ
performance
tracking
object.
These
results,
besides
introducing
new
together
constitute
substantial
fraction
RGCs,
provide
insights
role
different
circuits
shaping
fields
establish
foundation
for
continued
suppression
neural
basis
motion
detection.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
output
retina,
retinal
(RGCs),
diverse
group
∼40
neuron
often
assigned
“feature
detection”
profiles
based
on
aspects
scene
which
respond.
describe,
first
time,
substantially
augmenting
our
understanding
selectivity.
Experiments
modeling
show
while
these
“high-definition”
share
certain
properties,
have
tuning
size,
speed,
enabling
them
occupy
niches
space.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
31(12), P. 107776 - 107776
Published: June 1, 2020
Glaucoma
is
a
neurodegenerative
disease
that
features
the
death
of
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
in
retina,
often
as
result
prolonged
increases
intraocular
pressure.
We
show
preventing
formation
neuroinflammatory
reactive
astrocytes
prevents
RGCs
normally
seen
mouse
model
glaucoma.
Furthermore,
we
these
spared
are
electrophysiologically
functional
and
thus
still
have
potential
value
for
function
regeneration
retina.
Finally,
demonstrate
depends
on
combination
both
an
injury
to
neurons
presence
astrocytes,
suggesting
may
explain
why
toxic
only
some
circumstances.
Altogether,
findings
highlight
drivers
RGC
chronic
eye.
Annual Review of Vision Science,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
1(1), P. 263 - 289
Published: Nov. 18, 2015
The
mammalian
retina
is
an
important
model
system
for
studying
neural
circuitry:
Its
role
in
sensation
clear,
its
cell
types
are
relatively
well
defined,
and
responses
to
natural
stimuli—light
patterns—can
be
studied
vitro.
To
solve
the
retina,
we
need
understand
how
circuits
presynaptic
output
neurons,
ganglion
cells,
divide
visual
scene
into
parallel
representations
assembled
interpreted
by
brain.
This
requires
identifying
component
interneurons
understanding
their
intrinsic
properties
synapses
generate
circuit
behaviors.
Because
cellular
composition
fundamental
of
shared
across
species,
basic
mechanisms
genetically
modifiable
mouse
apply
primate
vision.
We
propose
that
apparent
complexity
retinal
computation
derives
from
a
straightforward
mechanism—a
dynamic
balance
synaptic
excitation
inhibition
regulated
use-dependent
depression—applied
differentially
pathways
feed
cells.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
40(1), P. 211 - 230
Published: April 18, 2017
Images
projected
onto
the
retina
of
an
animal
eye
are
rarely
still.
Instead,
they
usually
contain
motion
signals
originating
either
from
moving
objects
or
retinal
slip
caused
by
self-motion.
Accordingly,
tell
in
which
direction
a
predator,
prey,
itself
is
moving.
At
neural
level,
visual
detection
has
been
proposed
to
extract
directional
information
delay-and-compare
mechanism,
representing
classic
example
computation.
Neurons
responding
selectively
one
but
not
other
have
identified
many
systems,
most
prominently
mammalian
and
fly
optic
lobe.
Technological
advances
now
allowed
researchers
characterize
these
neurons'
upstream
circuits
exquisite
detail.
Focusing
on
circuits,
we
review
compare
recent
progress
understanding
mechanisms
that
generate
selectivity
early
system
mammals
flies.
