Cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
flowing
through
periarterial
spaces
is
integral
to
the
brain’s
mechanism
for
clearing
metabolic
waste
products.
Experiments
that
track
tracer
particles
injected
into
cisterna
magna
(CM)
of
mouse
brains
have
shown
evidence
pulsatile
CSF
flow
in
perivascular
surrounding
pial
arteries,
with
a
bulk
same
direction
as
blood
flow.
However,
driving
remains
elusive.
Several
studies
suggested
might
be
an
artifact,
driven
by
injection
itself.
Here,
we
address
this
hypothesis
new
vivo
experiments
where
are
CM
using
dual-syringe
system,
simultaneous
and
withdrawal
equal
amounts
fluid.
This
method
produces
no
net
increase
volume
significant
intracranial
pressure.
Yet,
particle-tracking
reveals
flows
consistent
all
respects
observed
earlier
single-syringe
injection.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
72, P. 15 - 21
Published: Aug. 15, 2021
Small
vessel
disease
(SVD)
is
a
common
instigator
of
dementia
in
the
aging
population.
The
hallmarks
SVD
are
enlargement
perivascular
spaces
and
white
matter
hyperintensities.
latter
represents
local
fluid
accumulation
that
either
subsides
or
develops
into
lacunar
infarcts.
We
here
propose
failure
brain
transport-via
glymphatic
system-plays
key
role
initiation
progression
SVD.
Our
major
case
for
this
concept
utilized
as
waterways
influx
cerebrospinal
fluid.
Stagnation
transport
may
drive
loss
homeostasis
leading
to
transient
edema,
dilation,
ultimately
demyelination.
This
review
will
discuss
how
rodent
studies
hypertension
diabetes
have
provided
new
insight
pathogenesis
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
85(6), P. 3326 - 3342
Published: Jan. 11, 2021
Purpose
Dynamic
contrast‐enhanced
MRI
(DCE‐MRI)
represents
the
only
available
approach
for
glymphatic
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
flow
3D
mapping
in
brain
of
living
animals
and
humans.
The
purpose
this
study
was
to
develop
a
novel
DCE‐MRI
protocol
system
transport
with
improved
spatiotemporal
resolution,
validate
new
by
comparing
mice
anesthetized
either
isoflurane
or
ketamine/xylazine.
Methods
contrast
agent,
gadobutrol,
administered
into
CSF
cisterna
magna
its
visualized
continuously
on
9.4T
preclinical
scanner
using
fast‐imaging
steady‐state
free‐precession
sequence
(3D‐FISP),
which
has
spatial
resolution
0.001
mm
3
temporal
30
s.
MR
signals
were
measured
dynamically
60
min
multiple
volumes
interest
covering
entire
space
parenchyma.
Results
results
confirm
earlier
findings
that
influx
is
higher
under
ketamine/xylazine
than
anesthesia.
This
extended
account
details
about
distinct
efflux
pathways
two
anesthetic
regimens.
shows
clearance
occurs
mainly
along
vagus
nerve
near
jugular
vein
via
olfactory
bulb
Conclusion
sampling
rates
afforded
3D‐FISP
shed
light
pharmacological
modulation
paths.
present
observations
may
have
potential
set
standard
future
experimental
studies
system.
Reviews in the Neurosciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
32(7), P. 693 - 705
Published: Feb. 22, 2021
Abstract
The
glymphatic
system
and
meningeal
lymphatics
have
recently
been
characterized.
Glymphatic
is
a
glia-dependent
of
perivascular
channels,
it
plays
an
important
role
in
the
removal
interstitial
metabolic
waste
products.
may
be
key
drainage
route
for
cerebrospinal
fluid
into
peripheral
blood,
contribute
to
inflammatory
reaction
central
nervous
(CNS)
immune
surveillance.
Breakdowns
dysfunction
play
crucial
age-related
brain
changes,
pathogenesis
neurovascular
neurodegenerative
diseases,
as
well
injuries
tumors.
This
review
discusses
relationship
characterized
lymphatic
vessels
with
system,
which
provides
perfusion
CNS
fluids.
also
presents
results
human
studies
concerning
both
presence
system.
A
new
understanding
how
aging,
medications,
sleep
wake
cycles,
genetic
predisposition,
even
body
posture
affect
has
not
only
changed
idea
circulation
but
contributed
pathology
mechanisms
diseases.
Cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
flowing
through
periarterial
spaces
is
integral
to
the
brain’s
mechanism
for
clearing
metabolic
waste
products.
Experiments
that
track
tracer
particles
injected
into
cisterna
magna
(CM)
of
mouse
brains
have
shown
evidence
pulsatile
CSF
flow
in
perivascular
surrounding
pial
arteries,
with
a
bulk
same
direction
as
blood
flow.
However,
driving
remains
elusive.
Several
studies
suggested
might
be
an
artifact,
driven
by
injection
itself.
Here,
we
address
this
hypothesis
new
vivo
experiments
where
are
CM
using
dual-syringe
system,
simultaneous
and
withdrawal
equal
amounts
fluid.
This
method
produces
no
net
increase
volume
significant
intracranial
pressure.
Yet,
particle-tracking
reveals
flows
consistent
all
respects
observed
earlier
single-syringe
injection.
