The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 460 - 475

Published: March 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event: Where do we go from here?

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 1121 - 1125

Published: May 30, 2024

The Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event was officially confirmed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) International Reef Initiative (ICRI) on April 15, 2024, with press releases a coordinated call

Language: Английский

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Probiotics reshape the coral microbiome in situ without detectable off-target effects in the surrounding environment

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 9, 2024

Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs), or probiotics, can enhance coral resilience against stressors in laboratory trials. However, the ability of probiotics to restructure microbiome situ is yet be determined. As a first step elucidate this, we inoculated putative probiotic bacteria (pBMCs) on healthy colonies Pocillopora verrucosa Red Sea, three times per week, during 3 months. pBMCs significantly influenced microbiome, while surrounding seawater and sediment remained unchanged. The genera Halomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Bacillus were enriched probiotic-treated corals. Furthermore, treatment also correlated with an increase other beneficial groups (e.g., Ruegeria Limosilactobacillus), decrease potential pathogens, such as Vibrio. all (treated non-treated) throughout experiment, could not track health improvements protection stress. Our data indicate that healthy, therefore stable, microbiomes restructured situ, although repeated continuous inoculations may required these cases. Further, our study provides supporting evidence that, at studied scale, have no detectable off-target effects near

Language: Английский

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Horizon scanning the application of probiotics for wildlife

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 252 - 269

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

The provision of probiotics benefits the health a wide range organisms, from humans to animals and plants. Probiotics can enhance stress resilience endangered many which are critically threatened by anthropogenic impacts. use so-called 'probiotics for wildlife' is nascent application, field needs reflect on standards its development, testing, validation, risk assessment, deployment. Here, we identify main challenges this emerging intervention provide roadmap validate effectiveness wildlife probiotics. We cover essential inert negative controls in trials investigation probiotic mechanisms action. also suggest alternative microbial therapies that could be tested parallel with application. Our recommendations align approaches used humans, aquaculture, plants concept wildlife.

Language: Английский

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The baseline is already shifted: marine microbiome restoration and rehabilitation as essential tools to mitigate ecosystem decline

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 30, 2023

Climate change is turning formerly pristine ecosystems into ever-changing states, causing major disturbance and biodiversity loss. Such impacted marine organisms exhibit clear microbiome shifts that alter their function. Microbiome-targeted interventions appear as feasible tools to support organismal ecosystem resilience recovery by restoring symbiotic interactions thwarting dysbiotic processes. However, restoration rehabilitation are perceived drastic measures, since they ‘natural relationships’. What missing from this notion microbiomes already drastically differ any pre-anthropogenic state. As such, our perception definition of even ‘pristine states’ may in fact represent an disturbed/derived condition. Following this, we argue rehabilitating essential mitigate decline.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating the ecological collapse of coral reef ecosystems

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4)

Published: March 2, 2023

Science & Society2 March 2023Open Access Transparent process Mitigating the ecological collapse of coral reef ecosystems Effective strategies to preserve Christian R Voolstra Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-3795 Department Biology, University Konstanz, Germany Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - original draft, review editing Search for more papers by this author Raquel S Peixoto orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-3132 Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Christine Ferrier-Pagès orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-4486 Coral Ecophysiology Team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco Information *,1, *,2 *,3 1Department 2Red 3Coral *Corresponding author. E-mail: EMBO Reports (2023)24:e56826https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202356826 PDFDownload PDF article text main figures. Peer ReviewDownload a summary editorial decision including letters, reviewer comments responses feedback. ToolsAdd favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures Info are biodiversity hotspots that provide habitat about third all marine species (Fisher et al, 2015)—which is why colloquially they referred as "rainforests sea". In addition their immense importance, reefs offer wealth ecosystem services millions people, provision food commercial fisheries, tourism, sand production, carbon sequestration, coastal protection from storms (Eddy 2021). The crucial organisms establish expand corals, sessile animals build impressive three-dimensional structures through calcium carbonate skeletons, rivaling busy cityscapes. … holobionts fragile threatened local global stressors point where very existence globally now at stake. But corals cannot achieve these constructions alone. Rather, have rely on multitude little helpers. fact, so-called or metaorganisms encompass myriad associated symbiotic microorganisms, collectively microbiome includes archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, microeukaryotes, most importantly, Symbiodiniaceae (LaJeunesse 2018; These dinoflagellate photosynthetic microalgae live inside cells them with energy construct skeletons. Despite massive lasting create, stake (Allen 2018). Climate change, owing increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused human activities, greatest threat reefs. GHG change conditions in several ways, ocean warming, acidification, an increased frequency intensity tropical heatwaves Frölicher While can locally devastate seawater acidification reduces calcification rates taxa thus skeletal growth (Mollica 2018), warmer waters pose significant (Kleypas 2021; Knowlton Extended periods high temperature cause heat stress, which triggers breakdown symbiosis between Symbiodiniaceae, phenomenon known bleaching (Suggett Smith, 2020). Mass has been over past decade(s) 30% decline population (Eakin 2022). Recent estimations predict that, if warming exceeds 1.5°C, 70–90% risk be lost, 99% will lost 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures (Hoegh-Guldberg actions save connected each other 'and' not 'or'. effects climate amplified stressors, such pollution, sedimentation, eutrophication, land clearing fertilizer use (Wiedenmann 2012). latter causes overgrowth macroalgae bioerosion algal skeletons endolithic algae. It affects microbiome, instance, abundance pathogens (Leite Taken together, driven 2022) along reduce important reef-forming taxa, decrease accretion dissolution sediments (Eyre further weaken stress resilience (Donovan 2021) (Fig 1). Figure 1.(A) A healthy moderate level bleaching. bleached colonies appear white recover stressful subside. (B) degraded dead remaining skeleton overgrown Some visible lower middle. Download figure PowerPoint CO2 emission mitigation pre-requisite follows must protected order 2). International Reef Society (ICRS) proposed three equally pillars saving restoring (Knowlton first one mitigating threats. Importantly, options premise we becoming neutral due time; words, "and" "or" 2.Global pressures led loss cover (left). (right): (A) emissions; mitigate (e.g., managing fish stocks improving water quality); (C) active restoration/rehabilitation. note without reducing curb below eventually neutral, still lose majority (C, right-hand side). interventions occur large areas effective should reinforced socio-economic incentives regulatory measures. necessary limit mean increase threshold trajectory become permanently Staying allow us protect resilient restore damaged Other sea surface (SST), pumping deep cool into modifying solar radiation—through shading, albedo enhancement, stratospheric aerosol injection, so on—represent geoengineering approaches offset impacts (National Academies Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, 2019). expensive best considered only small scale exhibit thermal deserve special protection, because communities evolved natural higher tolerance… Saving conservation Failure address undermine attempts threats, second pillar ICRS's guideline synergistically interact affect Although some under than 1.5°C present but slow, model estimates indicate combination reduced improved conditions, quality, maintain positive budget, is, (Kennedy 2013). Improving requires variety directly indirectly health recovery, reduction overfishing establishment complete partial (MPAs) and/or management zones watersheds nutrient loading river runoff (Mellin 2016). There Caribbean, Australia, Kenya, demonstrate impact recovery However, also adapted particular threats location (Voolstra For example, Gulf Aqaba (GoA) northern coined refuge SST rise withstand up +6°C maximum summer ex situ no mass observed (Osman Yet, immune other, are, indeed, affected antiscalants desalination plants, light pollution. Long-term monitoring national programs, science-guided management, engagement policymakers, well support communities, essential identify appropriate manage conditions. restoration rehabilitation anthropogenic being addressed, put forward ICRS, 2021), development implementation Given pace severity current impacts, efforts mandatory step while achieving neutrality Such customized target different entities holobiont, symbionts, prokaryotic community, microeukaryotes 2019; combine (van Oppen 2015; Boström-Einarsson 2020; Santoro Different levels degradation require (Peixoto Fig 3). considering stage ongoing widespread modern necessarily need integrate prevention concepts succeed, two terms therefore used interchangeably (Box 1) 3.Examples restore/rehabilitate loss. Restoration refers processes help ecosystems; improve adaptive capacity resilience. Many go hand-in-hand many entail component often interchangeably. Box 1. versus rehabilitation. definition "restoration" "Society Ecological Restoration" "the assisting degraded, damaged, destroyed". goals include re-establishment pre-existing composition community structure, environmental faced results future harboring compositions This recognized UNEP's guide restoration, term "coral restoration" describe measures "aim assist function, key face rising pressures, promoting sustainable delivery services". By comparison, "rehabilitation" centered notion "future-proof" reefs, it sufficient merely composition, enhance interventions, probiotic provision, hardening, similar measures, promote extend adaptation, Thus, throughout document consistency, accurately understood form At scale, counter particularly physically storms, disease outbreaks, bleaching, activities. useful option regrowth recruitment limited disturbances reduced. commonly methods involve removal predators reintroduction control macroalgal overgrowth, transplantation fragments intervening nursery phase (Boström-Einarsson One difference sexually asexually propagated addresses genetic diversity deployment artificial aggregation, substrate manipulations, release larvae after intermediate rearing selected measure(s) informed specific engage communities. tolerance, constituting "super reefs" (https://superreefs.whoi.edu), "priority (https://www.50reefs.org), "bright spots" (Cinner consideration potential constitute oases" (Guest turbid near mangroves, latitude upwelling areas, nutrient-rich sheltered waves. extent transferred debatable, particular, reside marginal environments featuring unique adjustments either when transplanted common environments. Consequently, long-term buffering against multiple rarely found. GoA corals—and "bleaching resistant" reefs—that exceptionally (Savary may exposed (local) pollution large, our understanding what underlies various costs trade-offs (Cornwell reintroducing enhancing biomass management/prevention adapt changes. laboratory experiments shown feeding planktonic prey significantly increases resistance (Grottoli 2006). observations found correlation patterns availability populations around world, suggesting phyto- zooplankton concentrations better able disturbance. heterotrophic diet provides macronutrients metals sustain photosynthesis enhances translocation symbionts host (Ferrier-Pagès Increasing nutritional quality plankton provided corals—by manipulating content fatty acids, metals, antioxidant compounds—might strategy health. knowledge, studies attempted alter during waves, partially broad measure biota unknown consequences. total, US National Science, Medicine lists 23 types assisted gene flow (AGF), evolution, colonization, cryopreservation, manipulation AGF aim genotypes within existing optimally suited (Humanes 2022), fitness distant introducing respective alleles populations. Corals survived waves those Persian/Arabian (PAG), highest world occur, good candidates exploring mechanisms means AGF. PAG heat-specialized endosymbiont, Cladocopium thermophilum (Hume 2016), expression heat-responsive genes. Assisted colonization stress-resistant variants AGF, although factors considered, coming back above-mentioned trade-offs. As such, material reproduced generate novel allele combinations convey harbor compatibility prevailing More sophisticated breeding genetically-modified organisms, new traits do exist created resilience… Nurseries accelerate out-planting produced crosses. cryopreserved sperm produce offspring, especially endangered (Hagedorn 2017). biggest challenges scaling smaller, laboratory-sized high-throughput reproduction. genetically modified 2015). To end, available, repeated exposure transgenerational acclimation epigenetic mechanisms, controversy remains (Torda Another approach discussed induction mutagenesis resistant strains, fidelity host–symbiont associations needs addressed Howells work (Buerger restructuring microeukaryotic probiotics (Ziegler 2017; 2019, Zhang exact underlying unclear, seem pathogen toxic compound among others. Continuous insult effectively alters beneficial pathogenic assemblage well-being. rather biomass, could focus extant Microbiome-based customizable applied preventive remediation 2017) holobiont (Zhang (Rosado 2019), oil (Silva thermally prevent mortality (Santoro challenge evaluate efficiency stewardship develop ways applications Securing "Modern" existed ~ 250 million years highly adaptable. study conducted Oculina patagonica showed severe losing tissues remain alive (Fine Tchernov, 2007); never really disappear, even do. long there hope cost effort perspective, enough repopulate once reached stabilized. pristine longer exist, pressure: tolerant recent repeat events, evidence certain clearly likely survive survival comes expense biodiversity, same past. emphases placed securing functions services. Under constraint, recognize ability consider prioritizing chance promotes regeneration through, larval dispersal. local, regional, scales propagation evolutionary (Colton achieved coordinated action science, policy, stakeholders Kleypas strategies, policies, outlined places, depending financial resources, socioeconomic circumstances. We triad emissions, undertaking restoration/rehabilitation, closing window opportunity secure ecosystems—for generations. Acknowledgement Open funding enabled organized Projekt DEAL. contributions Voolstra: Conceptualization; writing—original draft; writing—review editing. Peixoto: Ferrier-Pagès: Disclosure competing interests statement authors declare conflict interest. Supporting References Allen MR, Dube OP, Solecki W, Aragon-Durand F, Cramer Humphreys S, Zickfeld K (2018) Framing Context "in Global Warming 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report related pathways, context strengthening response development, eradicate poverty.Google Scholar L, Babcock RC, Bayraktarov E, Ceccarelli D, Cook N, Ferse SCA, Hancock B, Harrison P, Hein M, Shaver E al (2020) systematic methods, successes, failures directions. PLoS 15: e0226631CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Science®Google Buerger Alvarez-Roa C, Coppin CW, Pearce SL, Chakravarti LJ, Oakeshott JG, Edwards OR, Van MJH Heat-evolved microalgal tolerance. Sci Adv 6: eaba2498CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Cinner JE, Huchery MacNeil MA, Graham NA, McClanahan TR, Maina J, Maire Kittinger JN, Hicks CC, Mora C (2016) Bright spots world's Nature 535: 416–419CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Colton McManus LC, Schindler DE, Mumby PJ, Palumbi SR, Webster MM, Essington TE, Fox HE, Forrest DL, Schill SR (2022) harness adaptation. Ecol Evol 1405–1407CrossrefPubMedWeb Cornwell Armstrong K, Walker NS, Lippert Nestor V, Golbuu Y, (2021) Widespread variation tolerance symbiont load tradeoffs Acropora hyacinthus Palau. eLife 10: e64790CrossrefCASPubMedGoogle Donovan MK, Burkepile Kratochwill Shlesinger T, Sully Oliver TA, Hodgson G, Freiwald van Woesik Local magnify heatwaves. 372: 977–980CrossrefCASPubMedWeb Eakin CM, Devotta Heron Connolly Liu Geiger Cour JDL, Gomez A, Skirving Baird 2014–17 event: destruction. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1555992/v1CrossrefGoogle Hoegh-Guldberg O, Kennedy EV, Beyer H, McClennen Possingham HP Trends 33: 936–944CrossrefPubMedWeb Allemand Anthony Baker AC, Beck MW, Hale LZ, Hilmi Hughes Kaufman L Designing blueprint survival. Biol Conserv 257: 109107CrossrefWeb Corcoran Felis Goeij Grottoli Harding Mayfield Miller Obura D Rebuilding reefs: decadal grand challenge. Bremen: Future Earth Coasts, 56 ppCrossrefGoogle LaJeunesse TC, Parkinson Gabrielson PW, Jeong HJ, Reimer JD, CR, Santos Systematic revision highlights antiquity endosymbionts. Curr 28: 2570–2580.e6CrossrefCASPubMedWeb (2019) research increa

Language: Английский

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Heterotrophy in marine animal forests in an era of climate change

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 965 - 978

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Marine animal forests (MAFs) are benthic ecosystems characterised by biogenic three-dimensional structures formed suspension feeders such as corals, gorgonians, sponges and bivalves. They comprise highly diversified communities among the most productive in world's oceans. However, MAFs decline due to global local stressors that threaten survival growth of their foundational species associated biodiversity. Innovative scalable interventions needed address degradation increase resilience under change. Surprisingly, few studies have considered trophic interactions heterotrophic feeding MAF an integral component conservation. Yet, important for nutrient cycling, energy flow within food web, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, stability. This comprehensive review describes at all levels ecological organisation tropical, temperate, cold-water MAFs. It examines strengths weaknesses available tools estimating capacities then discusses threats climate change poses processes. Finally, it presents strategies improving heterotrophy, which can help maintain health

Language: Английский

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Disparate genetic divergence patterns in three corals across a pan-Pacific environmental gradient highlight species-specific adaptation

npj Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: July 7, 2023

Tropical coral reefs are among the most affected ecosystems by climate change and face increasing loss in coming decades. Effective conservation strategies that maximize ecosystem resilience must be informed accurate characterization of extant genetic diversity population structure together with an understanding adaptive potential keystone species. Here we analyzed samples from Tara Pacific Expedition (2016-2018) completed 18,000 km longitudinal transect Ocean sampling three widespread corals-Pocillopora meandrina, Porites lobata, Millepora cf. platyphylla-across 33 sites 11 islands. Using deep metagenomic sequencing 269 colonies conjunction morphological analyses variability data, can show despite a targeted encompasses multiple cryptic These species exhibit disparate biogeographic patterns and, importantly, distinct evolutionary identical environmental regimes. Our findings demonstrate on basin scale trajectories species-specific only part predicted environment. This highlights integrate multi-species investigations to discern genomic footprints shaped selection as well for change.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the genomic potential of Red Sea coral probiotics

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 24, 2024

Abstract The application of beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMC) decreases the bleaching susceptibility and mortality rate corals. BMC selection is typically performed via molecular biochemical assays, followed by genomic screening traits. Herein, we present a comprehensive in silico framework to explore set six putative strains. We extracted high-quality DNA from coral samples collected Red Sea PacBio sequencing. identified traits mechanisms associated with each strain as well proposed new mechanisms, such chemotaxis presence phages bioactive secondary metabolites. prophages two studied strains suggests their possible distribution within bacteria. also detected various metabolites, terpenes, ectoines, lanthipeptides, lasso peptides. These metabolites possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities play key roles health reducing effects heat stress, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, radiation. Corals are currently facing unprecedented challenges, our revised can help select more efficient use studies on microbiome rehabilitation, resilience, restoration.

Language: Английский

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Mathematical modeling of coral–algal competition under environmental pressures in aquatic ecosystems: a review

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 231 - 240

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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