Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Proteins, Proteostasis, Prions, and Promises

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 4, 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterised by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons that innervate muscle, resulting in gradual paralysis and culminating inability to breathe or swallow. This neuronal occurs a spatiotemporal manner from point onset central nervous system, suggesting there molecule spreads cell-to-cell. There strong evidence progression ALS pathology consequence protein misfolding aggregation. In line with this, hallmark deposition inclusion formation within surrounding glia proteins TAR DNA-binding 43, superoxide dismutase-1, fused sarcoma. Collectively, observed aggregation, conjunction spread symptoms, strongly suggests prion-like propagation aggregation ALS. this review, we discuss role relation homeostasis (proteostasis) mechanisms propagation. Furthermore, examine experimental models used investigate these processes, including vitro assays, cultured cells, invertebrate models, murine models. Finally, evaluate therapeutics may best prevent ALS, what lies on horizon for treating currently incurable disease.

Language: Английский

---

Linking neural circuits to the mechanics of animal behavior in Drosophila larval locomotion

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

The motions that make up animal behavior arise from the interplay between neural circuits and mechanical parts of body. Therefore, in order to comprehend operational mechanisms governing behavior, it is essential examine not only underlying network but also characteristics animal’s locomotor system fly larvae serves as an ideal model for pursuing this integrative approach. By virtue diverse investigation methods encompassing connectomics analysis quantification locomotion kinematics, research on larval has shed light behavior. These studies have elucidated roles interneurons coordinating muscle activities within segments, well responsible exploration. This review aims provide overview recent neuromechanics larvae. We briefly interspecific diversity explore latest advancements soft robots inspired by locomotion. using could establish a practical framework scrutinizing other species.

Language: Английский

---

Activity regulates brain development in the fly

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 8 - 13

Published: June 25, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Multi-regional circuits underlying visually guided decision-making in Drosophila

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 77 - 87

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Visually guided decision-making requires integration of information from distributed brain areas, necessitating a brain-wide approach to examine its neural mechanisms. New tools in Drosophila melanogaster enable circuits spanning the be charted with single cell-type resolution. Here, we highlight recent advances uncovering computations and that transform integrate visual across make behavioral choices. Visual flows optic lobes three primary central regions: sensorimotor mapping area two 'higher' centers for memory or spatial orientation. Rapid during predator evasion emerges spike timing dynamics parallel cascades. Goal-directed decisions may occur through memory, navigation valence processing complex mushroom bodies.

Language: Английский

---

Constructing and Tuning Excitatory Cholinergic Synapses: The Multifaceted Functions of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Drosophila Neural Development and Physiology

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are widely distributed within the nervous system across most animal species. Besides their well-established roles in mammalian neuromuscular junctions, studies using invertebrate models have also proven fruitful revealing function of nAchRs central system. During earlier years, both vitro and had helped clarify basic molecular features members Drosophila nAchR gene family illustrated utility as targets for insecticides. Later, increasingly sophisticated techniques illuminated how mediate excitatory neurotransmission brain play an integral part neural development synaptic plasticity, well cognitive processes such learning memory. This review is intended to provide updated survey subunits, focusing on diversity unique contributions physiology plasticity fly circuitry. We will highlight promising new avenues research that likely contribute better understanding cholinergic other organisms.

Language: Английский

---