International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(23), P. 15132 - 15132
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
Over
a
long
period
of
evolution,
insects
have
developed
unique
intestinal
defenses
against
invasion
by
foreign
microorganisms,
including
physical
and
immune
responses.
The
the
insect
gut
consist
mainly
peritrophic
matrix
(PM)
mucus
layer,
which
are
first
barriers
to
pathogens.
Gut
microbes
also
prevent
colonization
Importantly,
immune-deficiency
(Imd)
pathways
produce
antimicrobial
peptides
eliminate
pathogens;
mechanisms
related
reactive
oxygen
species
another
important
pathway
for
immunity.
janus
kinase/STAT
signaling
is
involved
in
immunity
producing
bactericidal
substances
regulating
tissue
repair.
Melanization
can
many
active
into
intestine;
meanwhile,
there
multiple
responses
intestine
fight
viral
parasitic
infections.
Furthermore,
stem
cells
(ISCs)
indispensable
Only
coordinated
combination
defense
system
renewal
effectively
defend
pathogenic
microorganisms.
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
104(2)
Published: April 25, 2020
Abstract
Lipid
metabolism
is
fundamental
to
life.
In
insects,
it
critical,
during
reproduction,
flight,
starvation,
and
diapause.
The
coordination
center
for
insect
lipid
the
fat
body,
which
analogous
vertebrate
adipose
tissue
liver.
Fat
body
contains
various
different
cell
types;
however,
adipocytes
oenocytes
are
primary
cells
related
metabolism.
starts
with
hydrolysis
of
dietary
lipids,
absorption
monomers,
followed
by
transport
from
midgut
lipogenesis
or
lipolysis
in
other
sites
demanding
energy.
under
control
hormones,
transcription
factors,
secondary
messengers
posttranscriptional
modifications.
Primarily,
insulin‐like
peptides
that
activate
lipogenic
such
as
sterol
regulatory
element‐binding
proteins,
whereas
coordinated
adipokinetic
hormone
activates
lipolytic
forkhead
box
class
O
cAMP‐response
protein.
Calcium
primary–secondary
messenger
affecting
has
outcomes
depending
on
site
lipolysis.
Phosphorylation
central
multiple
phosphorylases
involved
accumulation
hydrolysis.
Although
most
knowledge
comes
studies
model
Drosophila;
particular
those
obligatory
facultative
diapause,
also
have
great
potential
study
use
these
models
would
significantly
improve
our
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
28(1), P. 242 - 255
Published: July 15, 2022
Aging
is
a
major
risk
factor
for
number
of
chronic
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
and
cerebrovascular
disorders.
processes
have
therefore
been
discussed
as
potential
targets
the
development
novel
broadly
effective
preventatives
or
therapeutics
age-related
those
affecting
brain.
Mechanisms
thought
to
contribute
aging
summarized
under
term
"hallmarks
aging"
include
loss
proteostasis,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
altered
nutrient
sensing,
telomere
attrition,
genomic
instability,
cellular
senescence,
stem
cell
exhaustion,
epigenetic
alterations
intercellular
communication.
We
here
examine
key
claims
about
aging".
Our
analysis
reveals
important
weaknesses
that
preclude
strong
definitive
conclusions
concerning
possible
role
these
in
shaping
organismal
rate.
Significant
ambiguity
arises
from
overreliance
on
lifespan
proxy
marker
aging,
use
models
with
unclear
relevance
study
designs
do
not
allow
properly
estimate
intervention
effects
also
discuss
future
research
directions
should
be
taken
clarify
if
what
extent
putative
regulators
fact
interact
aging.
These
multidimensional
analytical
frameworks
well
facilitate
proper
assessment
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 116 - 116
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
In
addition
to
the
immature
edible
flower
heads,
cultivation
of
globe
artichoke
(Cynara
cardunculus
L.
var.
scolymus
(L.)
Fiori)
generates
substantial
quantities
by-products,
including
leaves,
stems,
and
roots,
which
constitute
potential
sources
bioactive
compounds
prebiotic
dietary
fiber.
Preserving
agricultural
biodiversity
promoting
socioeconomic
development
are
essential
for
enhancing
domestic
production
fostering
innovation.
search
new
biomolecules
with
antioxidant
properties,
this
research
focused
on
a
landrace
at
risk
genetic
erosion,
still
cultivated
in
northern
part
Lazio
region,
known
as
“Carciofo
Ortano”.
To
investigate
properties
various
tissues
from
Ortano”
landrace,
methanolic
extracts
were
prepared
main
secondary
leaves
representative
genotypes
landrace.
Additionally,
obtained
same
four
landraces/clones
included
varietal
platform
PGI
Romanesco
del
Lazio”,
served
reference
genotypes:
Campagnano,
Castellammare,
C3,
Grato
1.
The
these
assessed
using
FRAP,
ABTS,
DPPH
assays,
total
phenolic
content
(TPC).
stem
head
two
1
clone,
have
higher
content,
demonstrated
highest
activity.
These
therefore
studied
their
chemical
profile
HPLC-DAD
SPME-GC/MS
analysis.
investigated
vitro
capacity
differentiated
SH-SY5Y
cells,
assessing
effects
ROS
levels
restoration
GSH
levels.
Furthermore,
vivo
beneficial
counteracting
oxidative
stress
evaluated
high
sucrose-fed
Drosophila
melanogaster,
is
typical
hallmark
hyperglycemic
status.
Overall,
results
indicated
that
inflorescences
along
byproducts
its
cultivation,
raw
materials
containing
whose
can
be
exploited
further
applications
pharmaceutical
medical
sectors.
Annual Review of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
82(1), P. 203 - 226
Published: Oct. 14, 2019
Regenerative
processes
that
maintain
the
function
of
gastrointestinal
(GI)
epithelium
are
critical
for
health
and
survival
multicellular
organisms.
In
insects
vertebrates,
intestinal
stem
cells
(ISCs)
regenerate
GI
epithelium.
ISC
is
regulated
by
intrinsic,
local,
systemic
stimuli
to
adjust
regeneration
tissue
demands.
These
control
mechanisms
decline
with
age,
resulting
in
significant
perturbation
homeostasis.
Processes
lead
this
have
been
explored
intensively
Drosophila
melanogaster
recent
years
now
starting
be
characterized
mammalian
models.
This
review
presents
a
model
age-related
regenerative
fly
intestine
discusses
findings
start
establish
molecular
function.
Cell,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
178(4), P. 901 - 918.e16
Published: Aug. 1, 2019
Physiology
and
metabolism
are
often
sexually
dimorphic,
but
the
underlying
mechanisms
remain
incompletely
understood.
Here,
we
use
intestine
of
Drosophila
melanogaster
to
investigate
how
gut-derived
signals
contribute
sex
differences
in
whole-body
physiology.
We
find
that
carbohydrate
handling
is
male-biased
a
specific
portion
intestine.
In
contrast
known
sexual
dimorphisms
invertebrates,
intestinal
extrinsically
controlled
by
adjacent
male
gonad,
which
activates
JAK-STAT
signaling
enterocytes
within
this
portion.
Sex
reversal
experiments
establish
roles
for
metabolic
state
controlling
food
intake
sperm
production
through
citrate.
Our
work
uncovers
gonad-gut
axis
coupling
diet
production,
revealing
communication
across
organs
physiologically
important.
The
instructive
role
citrate
inter-organ
might
be
significant
more
biological
contexts
than
previously
recognized.
