Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Circulation of Omicron Lineages — United States, January 2022–May 2023

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(24), P. 651 - 656

Published: June 15, 2023

CDC has used national genomic surveillance since December 2020 to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants that have emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, including Omicron variant. This report summarizes U.S. trends in variant proportions from during January 2022-May 2023. During this period, remained predominant, with various descendant lineages reaching predominance (>50% prevalence). first half of 2022, BA.1.1 reached by week ending 8, followed BA.2 (March 26), BA.2.12.1 (May 14), and BA.5 (July 2); each coincided surges cases. The latter 2022 was characterized circulation sublineages BA.2, BA.4, (e.g., BQ.1 BQ.1.1), some which independently acquired similar spike protein substitutions associated immune evasion. By end 2023, XBB.1.5 became predominant. As May 13, most common circulating were (61.5%), XBB.1.9.1 (10.0%), XBB.1.16 (9.4%); XBB.1.16.1 (2.4%), containing K478R substitution, XBB.2.3 (3.2%), P521S had fastest doubling times at point. Analytic methods for estimating been updated as availability sequencing specimens declined. continued evolution highlights importance emerging help guide vaccine development use therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Associated Hospitalizations and Deaths Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — 18 U.S. Jurisdictions, September 2021–December 2022

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(25), P. 683 - 689

Published: June 22, 2023

Although reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 have occurred in the United States increasing frequency, U.S. epidemiologic trends and associated severe outcomes not been characterized. Weekly counts of reinfections, total infections, hospitalizations deaths reported by 18 jurisdictions during September 5, 2021-December 31, 2022, were analyzed overall, age group, five periods variant predominance (Delta Omicron [BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, BQ.1/BQ.1.1]). Among weekly median intervals between infections frequencies predominant variants previous calculated. As a percentage all increased substantially from Delta (2.7%) to BQ.1/BQ.1.1 (28.8%) periods; same periods, increases percentages among COVID-19-associated (from 1.9% [Delta] 17.0% [Omicron BQ.1/BQ.1.1]) 1.2% 12.3% also substantial. Percentages COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, that consistently higher across adults aged 18-49 years compared those ≥50 years. The interval ranged 269 411 days week, steep decline at start BA.4/BA.5 period, when >50% persons previously infected Alpha period or later. To prevent outcomes, including following reinfection, CDC recommends staying up date vaccination receiving timely antiviral treatments, eligible.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of COVID-19 and Influenza-Related Outcomes in the United States during Fall–Winter 2022–2023: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 16 - 16

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Influenza and COVID-19 contribute significantly to the infectious disease burden during respiratory season, but their relative remains unknown. This study characterizes frequency severity of medically attended influenza peak 2022–2023 season in pediatric, adult, older adult populations prevalence underlying conditions among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. cross-sectional analysis included individuals Veradigm EHR Database linked Komodo claims data a medical encounter between 1 October 2022 31 March 2023 (study period). Patients encounters were identified diagnosis or period stratified based on highest level care received that diagnosis. Among 23,526,196 individuals, there more COVID-19-related than influenza-related encounters, overall by outcome. Hospitalizations common hospitalizations (incidence ratio = 4.6) all age groups. Nearly adults had at least one condition, 37.1% 0–5-year-olds 25.0% 6–17-year-olds no conditions. was associated greater season.

Language: Английский

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Correlations and Timeliness of COVID-19 Surveillance Data Sources and Indicators ― United States, October 1, 2020–March 22, 2023

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(19), P. 529 - 535

Published: May 5, 2023

When the U.S. COVID-19 public health emergency declaration expires on May 11, 2023, national reporting of certain categories surveillance data will be transitioned to other sources or discontinued; hospitalization only source available at county level (1). In anticipation transition, and indicators were evaluated for purposes ongoing monitoring. The timeliness correlations among analyzed assess usefulness COVID-19-associated hospital admission rates as a primary indicator monitoring trends, well suitability replacement sources. During April 2022-March from National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)† lagged 1 day behind case 4 days percentages positive test results department (ED) visits Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP). same analysis, Vital Statistics System (NVSS) trends in percentage deaths that COVID-19-associated, which is tracked by date death rather than report date, observable 13 earlier those aggregate count data, discontinued October 2020-March strong observed between NVSS (0.78) SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Enteric Viruses (NREVSS) electronic laboratory (CELR) (0.79), also Weekly Community Levels (CCLs) replaced with levels (low, medium, high) demonstrated >99% concordance during February 2023. are suitable metric timely disease severity indicator, NREVSS ED serve early Collectively, these can support impact related prevention control strategies priorities.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Risk and Outpatient Therapy Utilization for COVID-19 in the Medicare Population

JAMA Health Forum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e235044 - e235044

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Importance Multiple therapies are available for outpatient treatment of COVID-19 that highly effective at preventing hospitalization and mortality. Although racial socioeconomic disparities in use these have been documented, limited evidence exists on what factors explain differences the potential public health relevance differences. Objective To assess utilization Medicare population simulate outcome allocating according to patient risk severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study included patients enrolled 2022 across US, identified with 100% fee-for-service claims. Main Outcomes Measures The primary was any therapy utilization. Secondary outcomes testing, ambulatory visits, hospitalization. Differences were estimated based demographics, contraindications, a composite score mortality after demographics comorbidities. A simulation reallocating treatment, particularly nirmatrelvir, those high disease performed, hospitalizations assessed. Results In 2022, 6.0% 20 026 910 beneficiaries received 40.5% which had no associated diagnosis within 10 days. Patients higher less such as 6.4% aged 65 69 years compared 4.9% 90 older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.62-0.65]) White 3.0% Black (aOR, 0.56 0.54-0.58]). highest severity quintile, 2.6% hospitalized 0.2% 7.5% lowest quintile. These patterns similar among documented diagnosis, claims vaccination, who insured Advantage. not explained by variable or contraindications. Reallocation would averted 16 503 deaths (16.3%) sample. Conclusion this study, disproportionately accessed lower infection, undermining its benefit. Undertreatment driven lack clinical access

Language: Английский

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Early immune factors associated with the development of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that persist for weeks years following initial viral infection. Clinical manifestations PASC are heterogeneous and often involve multiple organs. While many hypotheses have been made on the mechanisms its associated symptoms, biological drivers still unknown. We enrolled 494 patients with COVID-19 at their presentation a hospital or clinic followed them longitudinally determine development PASC. From 341 patients, we conducted multi-omic profiling peripheral blood samples collected shortly after study enrollment investigate early immune signatures During first week COVID-19, observed large number differences in profile individuals who were hospitalized compared those not hospitalized. Differences between did later develop were, comparison, more limited, but included significant autoantibodies epigenetic transcriptional double-negative 1 B cells, particular. found indicators incident nuanced, molecular signals manifesting predominantly robust hospitalization during COVID-19. The emerging cell phenotypes, especially highlight potentially important role these cells

Language: Английский

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Whole-Genome Sequencing and Mutation Analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Isolates from Indonesia

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 279 - 279

Published: March 25, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 infection that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant public health concern. New variants with distinct mutations have emerged, potentially impacting its infectivity, immune evasion capacity, and vaccine response. A whole-genome sequencing study of 292 isolates collected from selected regions Indonesia between January October 2021 was performed to identify distribution common in Indonesia. During January–April 2021, Indonesian lineages B.1.466.2 B.1.470 dominated, but May Delta’s AY.23 lineage outcompeted them. An analysis 7515 published sequences June 2022 revealed decline Delta November followed by emergence Omicron December 2021. We identified C241T (5′UTR), P314L (NSP12b), F106F (NSP3), D614G (Spike) all sequences. other substitutions included P681R (76.4%) T478K (60%) Spike, D377Y Nucleocapsid (61%), I82T Membrane proteins. Breakthrough prolonged viral shedding cases were associated carrying Spike T19R, G142D, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N, V1264L mutations. dynamic highlights importance continuous genomic surveillance monitoring identifying potential strains leading disease outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Lifting of travel restrictions brings additional noise in COVID-19 surveillance through wastewater-based epidemiology in post-pandemic period

Water Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 274, P. 123114 - 123114

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The post-pandemic world still faces ongoing COVID-19 infections, although international travel has returned to pre-pandemic conditions. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is considered an efficient tool for the population-wide surveillance of infections during pandemic. However, performance WBE in era with restrictions lifted remains unknown. Utilizing weekly county-level wastewater data from June 2021-November 2022 222 counties 49 states (covering 104 million people) United States America, we retrospectively evaluated correlations between SARS-CoV-2 RNA (C

Language: Английский

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Mathematical Assessment of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Cases and Hospitalizations in Miami-Dade County

Acta Biotheoretica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 73(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of early pulmonary rehabilitation in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

Respiratory sequelae, induced by lung injury, reduced muscle strength, and nutritional disturbance, are common in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, optimal treatment is essential for reducing the mortality severe forms of critically ill patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been used many chronic respiratory diseases, but role early PR COVID-19 remains to be fully understood. Hospitalized were recruited from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between December 1, 2022, June 30, 2023. In all, we 272 patients, 39 group 233 control group. The intervention consisted prone position, airway clearance therapy (ACT), resistance training (RRT). primary outcome was composite progression rate, defined as death or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Adverse events (AEs) serious adverse (SAEs) recorded Inverse probability weighting (IPTW) propensity score matching (PSM) balance confounding bias, generating cohort matched cohort. rate lower (28.2% [11/39] vs. 48.9% [114/233] group). Significant differences observed both original cohorts. Subgroup analyses showed that receiving ≥ 2 types PR, RRT, length admission ≤ 4 days, baseline P/F 150 mmHg associated rates progression. Total 2.6% (1/39) AEs 10.26% (4/39) SAEs reported. Early pulmonary may prevent reduce COVID-19. These findings helpful formulating an strategy.

Language: Английский

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