From Alpha to Omicron: How Different Variants of Concern of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Impacted the World

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1267 - 1267

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is prone to mutations and generation of genetic variants. Since its first outbreak in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has continually evolved, resulting emergence several lineages variants concern (VOC) have gained more efficient transmission, severity, immune evasion properties. The World Health Organization given these names according letters Greek Alphabet, starting with Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, which emerged 2020, followed by Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529) This review explores variation among different VOCs how made a global impact on pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic Classification of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Using Latent Class Analysis

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. e2456272 - e2456272

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Importance Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an uncommon but severe hyperinflammatory illness that occurs 2 to 6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presentation overlaps with other conditions, and risk factors for severity differ by patient. Characterizing patterns of MIS-C presentation can guide efforts reduce misclassification, categorize phenotypes, identify patients at outcomes. Objective To characterize phenotypic clusters increased clinical severity. Design, Setting, Participants In this cohort study, were inferred using latent class analysis applied the largest date cases from US national surveillance data 55 public health jurisdictions. Cases reported Centers Disease Control Prevention program as April 4, 2023, symptom onset on or before December 31, 2022, retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-nine signs symptoms selected clustering excluding variables 20% more missingness 10% less 90% prevalence. A total 389 missing 10 excluded, multiple imputation was conducted remaining cases. Main Outcomes Measures Differences cluster prevalence each sign symptom, percentage admitted intensive care unit (ICU), length hospital ICU stay, mortality, relative frequency over time. Results Among 8944 included (median [IQR] patient age, 8.7 [5.0-12.5] years; 5407 [60.5%] male), identified 3 characterized (1) frequent respiratory findings primarily affecting older (respiratory cluster; 713 [8.0%]; median 12.7 [6.3-16.5] years), (2) shock and/or cardiac complications (shock 3359 [37.6%]; 10.8 [7.7-14.0] (3) (undifferentiated 4872 [54.5%]; 6.8 [3.6-10.3] years). The highest (82.3% [2765/3359]) followed (49.5% [353/713]) undifferentiated (33.0% [1609/4872]). stay available, 129 632 hospitalizations (20.4%) 54 281 stays (19.2%) lasted days compared 708 3085 (22.9%) 157 2052 (7.7%), respectively, 293 4467 (6.6%) 19 1220 (1.6%), cluster. proportion both decreased emergence Omicron variant US. Conclusions Relevance clustered into subgroups distinct severity, distribution Use future studies may support evaluate case definitions groups

Language: Английский

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Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 and XBB sub-lineages by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 25 - 34.e5

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Early Detection and Surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant BA.2.86 — Worldwide, July–October 2023

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(43), P. 1162 - 1167

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Early detection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is critical to guiding rapid risk assessments, providing clear and timely communication messages, coordinating public health action. CDC identifies monitors novel through diverse surveillance approaches, including genomic, wastewater, traveler-based, digital (e.g., global data repositories, news, social media). The variant BA.2.86 was first sequenced in Israel reported on August 13, 2023. U.S. COVID-19 case caused by this 17, 2023, after a patient received testing for at care facility 3. In the following month, eight additional states detected across various systems, specimens from settings, wastewater surveillance, traveler-based genomic surveillance. As October 23, sequences have been least 32 countries. Continued tracking further evidence are needed evaluate full impact BA.2.86. Timely sequence submissions databases aided early despite decline number being during past year. This report describes how multicomponent sequencing were used real time track emergence transmission variant. approach provides valuable information regarding implementing sustaining comprehensive not only but also future pathogen threats.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, October 18, 2023–March 9, 2024

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Assessing variant-specific COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severity can inform public health risk assessments decisions about composition. BA.2.86 its descendants, including JN.1 (referred to collectively as "JN lineages"), emerged in late 2023 exhibited substantial divergence from co-circulating XBB lineages.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Circulation of Omicron XBB and JN.1 Lineages — United States, May 2023–September 2024

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(42), P. 938 - 945

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

CDC continues to track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron variant and its descendants, using national genomic surveillance. This report summarizes U.S. trends in proportion estimates during May 2023-September 2024, a period when SARS-CoV-2 lineages primarily comprised descendants variants XBB JN.1. During summer fall 2023, multiple with immune escape substitutions emerged reached >10% prevalence, EG.5-like by June 24, FL.1.5.1-like August 5, HV.1 lineage September 30, HK.3-like November 11. In winter JN.1 United States rapidly attained predominance nationwide, representing substantial genetic shift (>30 spike protein amino acid differences) from lineages. Descendants subsequently circulated KQ.1-like KP.2-like April 13, KP.3 LB.1-like 25, KP.3.1.1 July 20. Surges COVID-19 cases occurred 2024 predominance, as well 2023 circulation respectively. The ongoing highlights importance continued surveillance guide medical countermeasure development, selection antigens for updated vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Stroke Risk After COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccination Among US Older Adults

JAMA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 331(11), P. 938 - 938

Published: March 19, 2024

Importance In January 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Food Drug Administration noted a safety concern ischemic stroke among adults aged 65 years or older who received Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2; WT/OMI BA.4/BA.5 COVID-19 bivalent vaccine. Objective To evaluate risk after administration of (1) either brand vaccine, (2) plus high-dose adjuvanted influenza vaccine on same day (concomitant administration), (3) Design, Setting, Participants Self-controlled case series including 11 001 Medicare beneficiaries experienced receiving (among 5 397 278 vaccinated individuals). The study period was August 31, 2022, through February 4, 2023. Exposures Receipt (primary) (secondary). Main Outcomes Measures Stroke (nonhemorrhagic stroke, transient attack, combined outcome nonhemorrhagic hemorrhagic stroke) during 1- to 21-day 22- 42-day window vaccination vs 43- 90-day control window. Results There were (median age, 74 [IQR, 70-80 years]; 56% women). Among there no statistically significant associations between outcomes (incidence rate ratio [IRR] range, 0.72-1.12). 4596 concomitant association (IRR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.01-1.42]; difference/100 000 doses, 3.13 0.05-6.22]) attack Moderna mRNA-1273.222 1.35 1.06-1.74]; 3.33 0.46-6.20]). 21 345 1.09 1.02-1.17]; 1.65 0.43-2.87]). Conclusions Relevance evidence significantly elevated days immediately vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Changing epidemiology of COVID-19: potential future impact on vaccines and vaccination strategies

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 510 - 522

Published: April 24, 2024

COVID-19 was an unprecedented challenge worldwide; however, disease epidemiology has evolved, and no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. Nonetheless, remains global threat uncertainties remain, including definition the end pandemic transition to endemicity, understanding true rates SARS-CoV-2 infection/transmission.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake and reduced risks for long-COVID: A cross-sectional study of a U.S. adult population

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(16), P. 3529 - 3535

Published: April 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ongoing Symptoms After Acute SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza Infection in a Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Study: 7 US Sites, 2021–2023

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

The prevalence and risk factors for ongoing symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [SCV2]) or influenza infection are not well characterized. We conducted a prospective cohort study of households wherein ≥1 individual was infected with SCV2 to evaluate associated at 90 days. Index cases their household contacts provided baseline health sociodemographic information collected daily specimens 10 days enrollment. Participants completed follow-up survey after enrollment characterize symptoms. analyzed 1967 participants enrolled between December 2021 May 2023. did differ by status in (SCV2-positive: 15.6%; SCV2-negative: 13.9%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; 95% CI: .7-1.69) (influenza-positive: 8.8%; influenza-negative: 10.0%; OR: .87; .45-1.72) households. However, among documented infection, SCV2-positive had nearly twice the as influenza-positive (OR: 1.92; 1.27-2.97). These results suggest that have significantly higher compared 1.78; 1.28-2.47). Among underlying conditions (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.65; 1.80-3.90) disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like (aOR: 2.92; 1.15-7.43) during increased days, whereas hybrid immunity reduced 0.44; .22-.90).

Language: Английский

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