Impact of COVID-19 vaccination: a global perspective

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic disruptions worldwide. Vaccination proven to be a crucial strategy in controlling the spread of virus mitigating its impact. Objective study focuses on assessing effectiveness vaccination reducing incidence positive cases, hospitalizations, ICU admissions. presented is focused fully vaccinated population by considering data from first case reported until 20 September 2021. Methods Using multiple countries, time series analysis deployed investigate variations positivity rates, hospitalization requirements after successful campaigns at country scale. Results Analysis rates revealed substantial decline countries with high pre-vaccination rates. Within 1–3 months campaigns, these decreased 20–44%. However, certain experienced an increase emergence new Delta variant, emphasizing importance ongoing monitoring adaptable strategies. Similarly, demonstrated steady as drive rose various countries. 90 days vaccination, several achieved below 200 per million. slight hospitalizations was observed some 180 underscoring need for continued vigilance. Furthermore, patient increased across most 120 days, rate million, highlighting preventing severe cases requiring intensive care. Conclusion very much effective surveillance, variant monitoring, adaptive strategies are maximizing benefits effectively virus.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 238 - 238

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

This review presents comparative information corresponding to the progress in knowledge of some aspects infection by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronaviruses. PEDV is an alphacoronavirus great economic importance due million-dollar losses it generates pig industry. has many similarities SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. possible scenarios for based on collected literature tools or strategies currently developed would be useful research. The speed study generation control pandemic was derived from infections caused other human coronaviruses such as (SARS) middle east (MERS). Therefore, obtained several coronaviruses, current future behavior could inferred and, with large amount COVID-19, improved probably new emerging re-emerging

Language: Английский

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Lessons we learned during the past four challenging years in the COVID-19 era: pharmacotherapy, long COVID complications, and vaccine development

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 26, 2024

About four years have passed since the detection of first cases COVID-19 in China. During this lethal pandemic, millions people lost their lives around world. Since waves infection, various pharmacotherapeutic agents been examined management COVID-19. Despite all these efforts pharmacotherapy, drug repurposing, and design development new drugs, multiple organ involvement complications occurred during Some became chronic long-lasting which led to "long COVID" syndrome appearance. Therefore, best way eradicate pandemic is prophylaxis through mass vaccination. In regard, vaccine platforms including inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (mRNA DNA vaccines), adenovirus-vectored protein-based subunit designed developed prevent or reduce hospitalization, mortality rates. focused review, at first, most commonly reported clinical presentations summarized. addition, different therapeutic regimens latest status listed. Furthermore, related signs, symptoms, mentioned. At end, effectiveness available with against early SARS-CoV-2 variants currently circulating interest (VOI) necessity booster shots summarized discussed more detail.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive genomic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China, 2022

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract Objective This study aims to analyze the molecular characteristics of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant BA.2.76 in Jining City, China. Methods Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 87 cases SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evolutionary trees were constructed using bioinformatics software sequence homology, sites, N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. Results All whole-genome sequences classified under evolutionary branch BA.2.76. Their similarity reference strain Wuhan-Hu-1 ranged from 99.72 99.74%. In comparison Wuhan-Hu-1, exhibited 77–84 nucleotide differences 27 deletions. A total 69 amino acid 9 deletions, 1 stop codon mutation identified across 18 proteins. Among them, spike (S) protein highest number ORF8 showed a Q27 mutation. Multiple proteins displayed variations glycosylation Conclusion continues evolve, giving rise new strains with enhanced transmission, stronger immune evasion capabilities, reduced pathogenicity. The application high-throughput technologies epidemic prevention control COVID-19 provides crucial insights into virus at genomic level, thereby holding significant implications for pandemic.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: The Advantage of Mucosal Vaccine Delivery and Local Immunity

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 795 - 795

Published: July 18, 2024

Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and, consequently, there an unmet need for the effective prevention of such infections. One infectious disease coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), which caused by novel Beta SARS-CoV-2 that emerged around end 2019. The World Health Organization declared illness a pandemic on 11 March 2020, and since then it has killed or sickened millions people globally. development COVID-19 systemic vaccines, impressively led to significant reduction in severity, hospitalization, mortality, contained pandemic’s expansion. However, these vaccines have not been able stop virus from spreading because restricted mucosal immunity. As result, breakthrough infections frequently occurred, new strains emerging. Furthermore, will likely continue circulate like influenza virus, co-exist with humans. upper tract nasal cavity are primary sites infection thus, mucosal/nasal vaccination induce response virus’ transmission warranted. In this review, we present status both approved those under evaluation clinical trials. our approach B-cell peptide-based applied prime-boost schedule elicit

Language: Английский

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Unsupervised detection of novel SARS-CoV-2 mutations and lineages in wastewater samples using long-read sequencing

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of virus surveillance in public health and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged as a non-invasive, cost-effective method for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 its variants at community level. Unfortunately, current variant methods depend heavily on updated genomic databases with data derived from clinical samples, which can become less sensitive representative testing sequencing efforts decline. In this paper, we introduce HERCULES ( H igh-throughput E pidemiological R econstruction C lustering U ncovering L ineages nvironmental S ARS-CoV-2), an unsupervised that uses long-read single 1 Kb fragment Spike gene. identifies quantifies mutations lineages without requiring database-guided deconvolution, enhancing detection novel variants. We evaluated Norwegian wastewater samples collected July 2022 to October 2023 part national pilot WBE SARS-CoV-2. Strong correlations were observed between sample terms prevalence lineages. Furthermore, found trends identified one week earlier than data. Our results demonstrate HERCULES’ capability identify new before their providing early warnings potential outbreaks. methodology described paper is easily adaptable other pathogens, offering versatile tool environmental emerging pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Epimaps of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Mutational Landscape: Insights into Protein Stability, Epitope Prediction, and Antibody Binding

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 301 - 301

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants poses an ongoing threat to the efficacy vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. Mutations predominantly affect receptor-binding domain (RBD) spike protein, which mediates viral entry. RBD is also a major target monoclonal antibodies that were authorised for use during pandemic. In this study, in silico approach was used investigate mutational landscape SARS-CoV-2 variants, including currently circulating Omicron subvariants. A total 40 single-point mutations assessed their potential effect on protein stability dynamics. Destabilising effects predicted such as L455S F456L, while stabilising R346T. Conformational B-cell epitope predictions subsequently performed wild-type (WT) variant RBDs. from located within residues regions found correspond sites targeted by Furthermore, homology models generated utilised protein-antibody docking. binding characteristics 10 against WT 14 evaluated. Through evaluating affinities, interactions, energy contributions residues, contributing evasion identified. findings study provide insight into structural molecular mechanisms underlying neutralising antibody evasion. Future development could focus broadly antibodies, engineering with enhanced affinity, targeting beyond RBD.

Language: Английский

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Letter to the editor: Viral load decline time offers theoretical insight rather than practical value

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(9)

Published: March 6, 2025

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Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Disease Burden in the Omicron Variant-Dominated Endemic Phase: Insights from the ROUTINE-COV19 Study Using Real-World German Statutory Health Insurance Data

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 424 - 424

Published: March 14, 2025

The ROUTINE-COV19 study explores the burden of COVID-19 in Germany during early endemic phase, assessing disease patterns and their impact on healthcare system from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023. Using anonymized statutory health insurance data over 3 million individuals Thuringia Saxony, cases were identified through diagnostic codes, with severe critical defined by hospitalization intensive care criteria. focused high-risk populations as German Immunization Technical Advisory Group. During period, 414,648 new documented, peaks October March Severe occurred at a rate 241.6 per 100,000 persons, in-hospital mortality exceeding 12%. Critical requiring had an 32.2%. COVID-19-related hospitalizations averaged 9.94 days, generating direct costs EUR 64.9 million, while indirect work absenteeism amounted 454.3 representing 7.5% all-cause costs. Despite entering continues pose substantial burden, particularly among older adults those pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Variations of Three Kazakhstan Strains of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 415 - 415

Published: March 14, 2025

Prompt determination of the etiological agent is important in an outbreak pathogens with pandemic potential, particularly for dangerous infectious diseases. Molecular genetic methods allow arriving at accurate diagnosis, employing timely preventive measures, and controlling spread disease-causing agent. In this study, whole-genome sequencing three SARS-CoV-2 strains was performed using Sanger method, which provides high accuracy determining nucleotide sequences avoids errors associated multiple DNA amplification. Complete samples, KAZ/Britain/2021, KAZ/B1.1/2021, KAZ/Delta020/2021 were obtained, sizes 29.751 bp, 29.815 29.840 respectively. According to COVID-19 Genome Annotator, 127 mutations detected studied samples compared reference strain. The strain KAZ/Britain/2021 contained 3 deletions, 7 synonymous mutations, 27 non-synonymous second KAZ/B1.1/2021 1 deletion, 5 31 third 37 variations C241T, F106F, P314L, D614G found 5′ UTR, ORF1ab, S regions common all PROVEAN data, loss-of-function identified include (P218L, T716I, W149L, R52I, Y73C), 2 (S813I Q992H), 8 (P77L, L452R, I82T, P45L, V82A, F120L, R203M), Phylogenetic analysis showed that (KAZ/Britain/2021, KAZ/Delta020/2021) belong different lineages, are closely related from Germany (OU141323.1 OU365922.1), Mexico (OK432605.1), again (OV375251.1 OU375174.1), virus registered Genbank database accession numbers: ON692539.1, OP684305, OQ561548.1.

Language: Английский

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