The immune system and kidney disease: basic concepts and clinical implications

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 738 - 753

Published: Sept. 16, 2013

Language: Английский

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Proteomic diversity of high density lipoproteins: our emerging understanding of its importance in lipid transport and beyond

Journal of Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 54(10), P. 2575 - 2585

Published: Feb. 25, 2013

Recent applications of mass spectrometry technology have dramatically increased our understanding the proteomic diversity high density lipoproteins (HDL). Depending on method HDL isolation, upwards 85 proteins been identified, and list continues to grow. In addition consistent with traditionally accepted roles in lipid transport, carries surprising constituents, such as members complement pathway, protease inhibitors involved hemostasis, acute-phase response proteins, immune function mediators, even metal-binding proteins. This compositional fits well hundreds studies demonstrating a wide functional pleiotrophy, including oxidation, inflammation, immunity. review summarizes progression complexity points out key experimental observations that reinforce HDL. The possibility specific subspecies distinct functions, evidence supporting this concept, some best examples experimentally defined are also discussed. Finally, challenges facing field highlighted, particularly need identify define better inform attempts pharmacologically manipulate for benefit cardiovascular disease possibly other maladies. Working at Pasteur Institute Paris 1929, Michel Macheboeuf reported first detailed isolation lipid-rich “α-globulin” from horse serum, fraction would later become known lipoprotein (HDL) (1Macheboeuf M. Recherches sur les phosphoaminolipides du sérum sanguin. Nature des phospholipides liés aux albumines de Cheval à l’état cenapses acido-précipitables.Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. (Paris). 1929; 11: 485-503Google Scholar). Although relatively rapid progress was made characterizing composition - phospholipids (PL, ~25%), cholesterol (~4%), triglycerides (TG, ~3%) cholesteryl esters (CE,~12%) it took nearly 40 years begin sort complexities protein component. Part delay may resulted widespread believe “apo-HDL” likely single entity, much like low-density (LDL), which dominated by polypeptide identified apolipoprotein (apo)B. Using amino acid analyses, early electrophoresis methods, variety chromatographic techniques, moiety late 1960s. Variously referred α-protein, “R-Thr” peptide (2Shore B. Shore V. Heterogeneity subunits human serum high-density lipoproteins.Biochemistry. 1968; 7: 2773-2777Crossref PubMed Google Scholar), III (3Scanu A. Toth J. Edelstein C. Koga S. Stiller E. Fractionation urea solutions. Evidence heterogeneity.Biochemistry. 1969; 8: 3309-3316Crossref II (4Rudman D. Garcia L.A. Howard C.H. A new isolating nonidentical plasma alpha-lipoprotein.J. Clin. Invest. 1970; 49: 365-372Crossref became apoA-I (5Kostner G. Alaupovic P. Studies structure lipoproteins. C- N-terminal acids two polypeptides A.FEBS Lett. 1971; 15: 320-324Crossref Scopus (69) parallel, these laboratories recognized heterogeneity within complement. led identification second apoA-II significance observation not lost pioneers. For example, Shores observed, “The existence multiple forms be considerable physiological biochemical functions lipoproteins….” (6Shore Isolation characterization 4510-4516Crossref Around same time, Alupovic laboratory documented still further proteome identifying minor apoC peptides Soon after, Mahley colleagues noted presence arginine-rich apoE light fractions dogs (HDL-1) (7Mahley R.W. Innerarity T.L. Interaction canine swine low receptor fibroblasts correlated heparin/manganese precipitability.J. Chem. 1977; 252: 3980-3986Abstract Full Text PDF while others found apoD more dense (8Ayrault-Jarrier Alix J.F. Polonovski Presence 2 immunologically related I [article French].Biochimie. 1980; 62: 51-59Crossref (0) ApoF (9Olofsson S.O. McConathy W.J. partial acidic (apolipoprotein F) plasma.Biochemistry. 1978; 17: 1032-1036Crossref Improvements SDS-PAGE 1980s revealed amyloid (SAA) (10Bausserman L.L. Herbert P.N. McAdam K.P. proteins.J. Exp. Med. 152: 641-656Crossref Scholar) apoA-IV (11Vézina C.A. Milne Weech P.K. Marcel Y.L. Apolipoprotein distribution separated polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis.J. Lipid Res. 1988; 29: 573-585Abstract Immunological using antibodies raised against isolated showed paraoxonase 1 (PON1) coeluted upon filtration immunoabsorption removed 90% PON1 (12Blatter M.C. James Messmer Barja F. Pometta Identification lipoprotein-associated protein, K-45. Identity K-45 paraoxonase.Eur. Biochem. 1993; 211: 871-879Crossref (308) Similarly, clustrin (apoJ) pulled down apoA-I, indicating its It clear several enzymatic activities were associated HDL, least transiently. Single-spin vertical ultracentrifugation lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) present higher subfractions LDL (13Campos Distribution lipids apolipoproteins spin ultracentrifugation.Arch. Biophys. 1986; 249: 455-463Crossref (8) Other factors remodel included ester transfer (CETP) (14Marcel Vezina Teng Sniderman Transfer between triglyceride-rich controlled factor.Atherosclerosis. 35: 127-133Abstract (61) phospholipid (PLTP) (15Tall A.R. Krumholz Olivecrona T. Deckelbaum R.J. Plasma enhances exchange very during lipolysis.J. 1985; 26: 842-851Abstract platelet-activating factor aryl hydrolase (PAF-AH) (16Stafforini D.M. McIntyre T.M. Carter M.E. Prescott S.M. Human acetylhydrolase. Association particles role degradation factor.J. 1987; 262: 4215-4222Abstract phospholipase A2. By 1990s, generally thought contain somewhere around 15 Indeed, one two-dimensional set “established proteins” A-II, A-IV, C-II, C-III, D, E, mention about 8 “can associate” (17James Hochstrasser Tissot J.D. Funk Appel R. Pellegrini Muller A.F. Protein containing A-I without A-II plasma.J. 1557-1571Abstract (six spots observed but identified). general, fell into four major groups: i) transport or integrity, i.e., “apos”ii) lipolytic enzymes, LCAT PON; iii) CETP PLTP; iv) SAA apoJ/clustrin. fit general dogma primary vehicle. Classical immunological approaches typically hampered sensitivity issues fact needed preconceived notion what looking prior experiment. However, development soft ionization electrospray (18Fenn J.B. Mann Meng C.K. Wong S.F. Whitehouse C.M. Electrospray large biomolecules.Science. 1989; 246: 64-71Crossref matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) (19Hillenkamp Karas Beavis R.C. Chait B.T. Matrix-assisted desorption/ionization biopolymers.Anal. 1991; 63: 1193A-1203ACrossref introducing molecules spectrometer (MS) allowed sensitive unbiased tandem MS capable components complex mixtures. ionized proteolytic gas phase sorted then subjected fragmentation, cleaving bonds. fragments evaluated analyzer, resulting patterns bioinformatically compared theoretical all effectively sequencing producing redundant initial mixture. Given modern instrumentation can across 10,000-fold difference concentration sensitivities nano- picomole range, is uncommon given biological sample. strategies vary significantly laboratories, MS-based applied fall rough categories. first, either size only (1D) charge (2D). excised, digested protease, trypsin, MS. approach, sometimes “shotgun” technique, starts trypsinizing together solution. HPLC (typically reverse phase) (ESI) they elute column analyzed description technologies Ref. 20Cañas López-Ferrer Ramos-Fernández Camafeita Calvo Mass proteomics.Brief Funct. Genomic Proteomic. 2006; 4: 295-320Crossref Scholar. One toward pursued Karlsson et al. (21Karlsson H. Leanderson Tagesson Lindahl Lipoproteomics II: mapping spectrometry.Proteomics. 2005; 5: 1431-1445Crossref (143) 2D electrophoresis/tandem 13 HDL2 HDL3 healthy donors. Of these, 11 previously suspected summarized above. addition, study highlighted advantage dimension electrophoretic approach isoforms apoA-II, apoC-III, apoE, apoM, SAA, SAA-4 varied respect sequence differences posttranslational modifications. next year, Rezaee (22Rezaee Casetta Levels J.H. Speijer Meijers J.C. Proteomic analysis lipoprotein.Proteomics. 6: 721-730Crossref (150) used multipronged 1D electrophoresis, shotgun proteomics, assays centrifugally total normal mediators system C3, C1 inhibitor, H implicating innate Likely, most high-profile performed Vaisar (23Vaisar Pennathur Green P.S. Gharib S.A. Hoofnagle A.N. Cheung Byun Vuletic Kassim Singh al.Shotgun proteomics implicates inhibition activation antiinflammatory properties HDL.J. 2007; 117: 746-756Crossref (727) subjects, 48 These additional family, strengthening argument Others, serine inhibitor (SERPIN) theme inhibition, those hemostasis. Overall, clearly demonstrated limited transport. concepts drove tremendous interest exploring proteome. end 2012, had published 14 various techniques understand As has increased, so number proposed samples traditional Scholar, 22Rezaee 23Vaisar 24Heller Stalder Schlappritzi Hayn Matter U. Haeberli spectrometry-based analytical tools molecular lipoproteins.Proteomics. 2619-2630Crossref (63) 25Hortin G.L. Shen R.F. Martin B.M. Remaley A.T. Diverse range small lipoprotein.Biochem. Commun. 340: 909-915Crossref (52) 26Davidson W.S. Silva R.A. Chantepie Lagor W.R. Chapman M.J. Kontush subpopulations reveals particle-specific clusters: relevance antioxidative function.Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. 2009; 870-876Crossref (284) 27Alwaili K. Bailey Awan Z. S.D. Ruel I. Hafiane Krimbou L. Laboissiere Genest acute coronary syndromes shifts an inflammatory profile.Biochim. Acta. 2012; 1821: 405-415Crossref (139) 28Holzer Wolf Curcic Birner-Gruenberger Weger W. Inzinger El-Gamal Wadsack Heinemann Marsche Psoriasis alters efflux capacity.J. 53: 1618-1624Abstract (97) 29Holzer Stojakovic Binder Uremia function.J. Am. Nephrol. 2011; 22: 1631-1641Crossref (187) 30Weichhart Kopecky Kubicek Haidinger Doller Katholnig Suarna Eller Tolle Gerner al.Serum uremic promotes inflammation.J. 23: 934-947Crossref (153) 31Mangé Goux Badiou Patrier Canaud Maudelonde Cristol J.P. Solassol hemodialysis patients: quantitative nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem approach.PLoS ONE. e34107Crossref (56) immunoaffinity capture (32Watanabe Charles-Schoeman Miao Y. Elashoff Lee Y.Y. Katselis T.D. Reddy S.T. profiling following lipoprotein: association proinflammatory rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 64: 1828-1837Crossref (109) exclusion chromatography (33Gordon Deng Lu L.J. Davidson fractionated chromatography.J. Proteome 2010; 9: 5239-5249Crossref (148) anion-exchange isoelectric focusing (S. Gordon Davidson, unpublished observations). summary details each Table 1. result instrumentation, sensitivity, patient donors, algorithms, putative study. Several estimates reached hits induce skepticism. certain intracellular cell-surface skin keratin detected preparations. effort manage amount information attempt filter instrument- laboratory-specific artifacts, we initiated Watch (http://homepages.uc.edu/~davidswm/HDLproteome.html http://www.hdlforum.org/resources/links). project tracks reports methodologies physically way serum. Currently, 204 individual samples. appeared three different (from independent laboratories), representing current estimate listed Fig. 1.TABLE 1Experimental recent HDLReferencePatient PopulationHDL Type Separation TechniqueMS ApproachMS Database SearchedGel Separation?(21Karlsson Scholar)Pooled adults (n = 4)HDL2, UC (KBr)MALDI-TOFNCBI SwissProtYes2D gel(24Heller Scholar)Pool >10,000 donorsTotal one-step (KBr)MALDI-TOFUniProtYes2D gel(25Hortin Scholar)1 donorTotal (KBr)HPLC separate MALDI- TOFDetails givenNo(22Rezaee Scholar)Healthy donors reported)Total (KBr) immunoisolationMALDI-TOF, isotope coded affinity tag plus Western blot analysisDetails givenYes1D gel(23Vaisar Scholar)Studies HDL: 20 males; HDL3: 6 males 7 CADTotal (KBr)LC-ESI-MS/MSInternational IndexNo(26Davidson Scholar)9 normolipidemic 3 samples, consisting pool malesHDL2b, 2a, 3a, 3b 3c (KBr)LC-ESI-MS/MSSwissProtNo(33Gordon Scholar)3 males“HDL” resolution followed removal agentLC-ESI MS/MSUniProt SwissProtNo(27Alwaili Scholar)10 adults, 10 stable syndrome. Age-matched malesTotal (KBr)LC-ESI MS/MSUniProtYes1D gel(32Watanabe Scholar)Aged-matched females arthritis: 4 anti-inflammatory index, indexTotal captureLC-ESI MS/MSUniProtYesIEF gel(28Holzer Scholar)19 27 stage renal hemodialysis. Males femalesTotal (KBr)LC-ESI-MS/MSNCBINo(29Holzer Scholar)15 psoriasis. two-step (KBr)LC-ESI-MS/MSSwissProtNo(30Weichhart disease. (KBr)LC-ESI-MS/MSSwissProtNo(31Mangé Scholar)30 30 kidney three-step (KBr)MALDI-TOF iTRAQ labeling LC-ESI gelIEF, focusing; iTRAQ, multiplexed isobaric-tagged reagents produced Sciex; UC, ultracentrifugation. Open table tab IEF, Figure shows gene ontology enrichment showing classifications consensus many area metabolism, numerous present, fibrinogen, SERPINs clotting cascade. There striking inflammatory/immune response, proteolysis inhibitors, apoJ, vitronectin. Also represented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding (LPB). Surprisingly, there heme iron hemoglobin, transferrin, hemopexin, host enigmatic ranging platelet regulation vitamin binding widely ability shuttle periphery liver catabolism/excretion process (RCT). Numerous shown promote cells via mechanisms (34Adorni M.P. Zimetti Billheimer J.T. Wang N. Rader D.J. Phillips Rothblat G.H. pathways release macrophages.J. 48: 2453-2462Abstract (224) deliver selective uptake (35Gu X. Trigatti Xu Acton Babitt Krieger efficient cellular scavenger class B type requires receptor-mediated surface receptor-specific mediated extracellular domain.J. 1998; 273 ([Erratum. 1998. 273: 35388.]): 26338-26348Abstract (188) importance vivo models RCT genetic lowering decreases appearance macrophage-derived feces (36Moore R.E. Navab Millar J.S. Hama Increased atherosclerosis mice lacking

Language: Английский

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HDL-targeted therapies: progress, failures and future

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 445 - 464

Published: May 23, 2014

Language: Английский

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High-density lipoproteins: A consensus statement from the National Lipid Association

Journal of clinical lipidology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. 484 - 525

Published: Aug. 11, 2013

Language: Английский

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Beyond Tissue Injury—Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, Toll-Like Receptors, and Inflammasomes Also Drive Regeneration and Fibrosis

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 1387 - 1400

Published: April 25, 2014

Tissue injury initiates an inflammatory response through the actions of immunostimulatory molecules referred to as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs encompass a group heterogenous molecules, including intracellular released during cell necrosis and involved in extracellular matrix remodeling such hyaluronan, biglycan, fibronectin. Kidney-specific include crystals uromodulin by renal tubular damage. trigger innate immunity activating Toll-like receptors, purinergic or NLRP3 inflammasome. However, recent evidence revealed that also re-epithelialization upon kidney contribute epithelial-mesenchymal transition and, potentially, myofibroblast differentiation proliferation. Thus, these discoveries suggest drive not only immune but regeneration scarring. Here, we review data from studies discuss increasingly complex connection between diseases.

Language: Английский

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HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance

Clinical Research in Cardiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 106(9), P. 663 - 675

Published: March 24, 2017

While several lines of evidence prove that elevated concentrations low-density lipoproteins (LDL) causally contribute to the development atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences, high-density are still widely believed exert atheroprotective effects. Hence, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is in general considered as "good cholesterol". Recent research, however, suggests this might not always be case a fundamental reassessment significance HDL-C warranted. This review article based on selective literature review. In individuals without history cardiovascular events, low inversely associated with risk future events. relationship may, apply patients metabolic disorders or manifest disease. The classical function mobilise from extrahepatic tissues for delivery liver excretion. These roles metabolism well many other biological functions particles dependent number protein lipid composition particles. They poorly reflected by concentration. can even negative vascular effects, if pathologically altered. High serum therefore no longer regarded protective. line this, recent pharmacological approaches raise concentration have been able show reductions outcomes. contrast LDL (LDL-C), correlates only healthy individuals. calculation ratio LDL-C useful all patients. Low should prompt examination additional inflammatory pathologies. An increase through lifestyle change (smoking cessation, physical exercise) has positive effects recommended. However, currently valid target drug therapy.

Language: Английский

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Disorders of lipid metabolism in nephrotic syndrome: mechanisms and consequences

Kidney International, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 90(1), P. 41 - 52

Published: June 2, 2016

Language: Английский

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Lipoproteins and fatty acids in chronic kidney disease: molecular and metabolic alterations

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 528 - 542

Published: May 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 60(23), P. 2372 - 2379

Published: Nov. 7, 2012

Language: Английский

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High-Density Lipoproteins

Circulation Journal, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 77(10), P. 2432 - 2448

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

Low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with increased risks coronary artery disease (CAD). HDL particles exert many effects in vitro and vivo that may protect arteries from chemical or biological harm facilitate repair injuries. Nevertheless, has not yet been successfully exploited for therapy. One potential reason this shortfall is the structural functional complexity particles, which carry more than 80 different proteins 200 lipid species as well several microRNAs other potentially bioactive molecules. This physiological heterogeneity further inflammatory conditions increase cardiovascular risk, including CAD itself but also diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, rheumatic diseases. The quantitative qualitative modifications proteome lipidome, resulting loss functions gain dysfunctions, recovered by biomarker HDL-cholesterol. As relative importance pathological activities normal dysfunctional HDL, respectively, pathogenesis atherosclerosis unknown. answer to question, detailed knowledge structure-function-relationships HDL-associated molecules, a prerequisite exploit development anti-atherogenic drugs diagnostic biomarkers identification, personalized treatment stratification, monitoring patients at risk. (Circ J 2013; 77: 2432–2448)

Language: Английский

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