Cross-biome metagenomic analyses of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 109(52), P. 21390 - 21395

Published: Dec. 10, 2012

For centuries ecologists have studied how the diversity and functional traits of plant animal communities vary across biomes. In contrast, we only just begun exploring similar questions for soil microbial despite microbes being dominant engines biogeochemical cycles a major pool living biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. We used metagenomic sequencing to compare composition attributes 16 collected from cold deserts, hot forests, grasslands, tundra. Those found plant-free desert soils typically had lowest levels (diversity protein-coding gene categories) phylogenetic taxonomic diversity. Across all soils, beta was strongly correlated with diversity; were clearly distinct nondesert regardless metric used. The higher relative abundances genes associated osmoregulation dormancy, but lower nutrient cycling catabolism plant-derived organic compounds. Antibiotic resistance consistently threefold less abundant than suggesting that abiotic conditions, not competitive interactions, are more important shaping communities. As most comprehensive survey taxonomic, phylogenetic, date, this study demonstrates approaches can be build predictive understanding function

Language: Английский

---

Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon‐use efficiency in soils

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 196(1), P. 79 - 91

Published: July 11, 2012

Summary Carbon (C) metabolism is at the core of ecosystem function. Decomposers play a critical role in this as they drive soil C cycle by mineralizing organic matter to CO 2 . Their growth depends on carbon‐use efficiency (CUE), defined ratio over uptake. By definition, high CUE promotes and possibly stabilization soils, while low favors respiration. Despite importance variable, flexibility for terrestrial decomposers still poorly characterized not represented most biogeochemical models. Here, we synthesize theoretical empirical basis changes across aquatic ecosystems, highlighting common patterns hypothesizing under future climates. Both considerations evidence from organisms indicate that decreases temperature increases nutrient availability decreases. More limited shows similar sensitivity decomposers. Increasing with improved might explain observed declines respiration fertilized stands, decreased increasing plant : N ratios decrease storage. Current models could be accounting these responses along environmental stoichiometric gradients.

Language: Английский

---

Microbial control over carbon cycling in soil

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

A major thrust of terrestrial microbial ecology is focused on understanding when and how the composition community affects functioning biogeochemical processes at ecosystem scale (meters-to-kilometers days-to-years). While research has demonstrated these linkages for physiologically phylogenetically "narrow" such as trace gas emissions nitrification, there less conclusive evidence that influences "broad" decomposition organic matter turnover in soil. In this paper, we consider soil structure C-cycling. We phylogenetic level which microbes form meaningful guilds, based overall life history strategies, suggest are associated with deep evolutionary divergences, while much species-level diversity probably reflects functional redundancy. then under what conditions it possible differences among to affect process dynamics, argue may be important rate OM breakdown rhizosphere detritus, likely not mineral soil, physical access occluded or sorbed substrates rate-limiting process. Microbial soils organisms allocate C they take up—not only do fates molecules differ, but can system differently well. For example, extracellular enzymes polysaccharides key controls function. How also particularly long-term fate soil—is sequestered not?

Language: Английский

---

Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(51), P. 15684 - 15689

Published: Dec. 8, 2015

Soil bacteria and fungi play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yet our understanding their responses to climate change lags significantly behind that other organisms. This gap is particularly true for drylands, which occupy ∼41% Earth´s surface, because no global, systematic assessments joint diversity soil have been conducted these environments date. Here we present results from a study across 80 dryland sites all continents, except Antarctica, assess how changes aridity affect composition, abundance, fungi. The abundance was reduced as increased. These were largely driven by negative impacts on organic carbon content, positively affected both Aridity promoted shifts composition bacteria, with increases relative Chloroflexi α-Proteobacteria decreases Acidobacteria Verrucomicrobia. Contrary what has reported previous continental global-scale studies, pH not major driver bacterial diversity, fungal communities dominated Ascomycota. Our fill critical microbial ecosystems. They suggest aridity, such those predicted climate-change models, may reduce response will likely impact provision ecosystem services global drylands.

Language: Английский

---

Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to moisture availability: An exploration of processes and models

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 72 - 85

Published: Jan. 24, 2013

Language: Английский

---

Life in Dry Soils: Effects of Drought on Soil Microbial Communities and Processes

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 409 - 432

Published: Aug. 16, 2018

Throughout Earth's history, drought has been a common crisis in terrestrial ecosystems; human societies, it can cause famine, one of the Four Horsemen apocalypse. As global hydrological cycle intensifies with warming, deeper droughts and rewetting will alter, possibly transform, ecosystems. Soil communities, however, seem more tolerant than plants or animals are to water stress—the main effects, fact, on soil processes appear be limited diffusion supply resources organisms. Thus, rains that end not only release microbes from stress but also create resource pulse fuels microbial activity. It remains unclear whether effects result drying rewetting. is flush activity driven by growth physical/chemical mobilize organic matter. In this review, I discuss how water, lack it, regulates life biogeochemical processes. first focus organismal-level responses then consider these influence whole-soil matter dynamics. A final incorporate into Earth System models effectively capture dry–wet cycling.

Language: Английский

---

Meta-analysis of the impacts of global change factors on soil microbial diversity and functionality

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 17, 2020

Biodiversity on the Earth is changing at an unprecedented rate due to a variety of global change factors (GCFs). However, effects GCFs microbial diversity unclear despite that soil microorganisms play critical role in biogeochemical cycling. Here, we synthesize 1235 GCF observations worldwide and show rare species are more sensitive than common species, while do not always lead reduction diversity. GCFs-induced shifts alpha can be predominately explained by changed pH. In addition, impacts functionality community structure biomass rather Altogether, our findings fundamentally different from previous knowledge for well-studied plant animal communities, crucial policy-making conservation hotspots under changes.

Language: Английский

---

Direct and indirect effects of climate change on soil microbial and soil microbial‐plant interactions: What lies ahead?

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1 - 21

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Global change is altering species distributions and thus interactions among organisms. Organisms live in concert with thousands of other species, some beneficial, pathogenic, which have little to no effect complex communities. Since natural communities are composed organisms very different life history traits dispersal ability it unlikely they will all respond climatic a similar way. Disjuncts plant‐pollinator plant‐herbivore under global been relatively well described, but plant‐soil microorganism soil microbe‐microbe relationships received less attention. microorganisms regulate nutrient transformations, provide plants nutrients, allow co‐existence neighbors, control plant populations, changes microorganism‐plant could significant ramifications for community composition ecosystem function. In this paper we explore how affects microbes microbe‐plant directly indirectly, discuss what see as emerging exciting questions areas future research, these may on the function ecosystems.

Language: Английский

---

Salt effects on the soil microbial decomposer community and their role in organic carbon cycling: A review

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 108 - 123

Published: Nov. 17, 2014

Language: Английский

---

Pedotransfer Functions in Earth System Science: Challenges and Perspectives

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(4), P. 1199 - 1256

Published: Nov. 14, 2017

Abstract Soil, through its various functions, plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems and provides multiple ecosystem services to humanity. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are simple complex knowledge rules that relate available soil information properties variables needed parameterize processes. In this paper, we review existing PTFs document new generation of developed different disciplines Earth system science. To meet methodological challenges for successful application modeling, emphasize PTF development has go hand with suitable extrapolation upscaling techniques such correctly represent spatial heterogeneity soils. should encompass variability estimated property or process, way estimation parameters allows validation can also confidently provide purposes capturing variation Most actively pursued recent developments related parameterizations solute transport, heat exchange, respiration, organic carbon content, root density, vegetation water uptake. Further be addressed parameterization erosivity land use change impacts at scales. We argue comprehensive set applied throughout wide range science, emphasis on surface models. Novel sensing true breakthrough this, yet further improvements necessary methods deal uncertainty validate applications global scale.

Language: Английский

---