Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

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Global ecological impacts of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 151 - 163

Published: July 24, 2015

Abstract The introduction of invasive species, which often differ functionally from the components recipient community, generates ecological impacts that propagate along food web. This review aims to determine how consistent aquatic invasions are across taxa and habitats. To end, we present a global meta‐analysis 151 publications (733 cases), covering wide range invaders (primary producers, filter collectors, omnivores predators), resident community (macrophytes, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates fish) habitats (rivers, lakes estuaries). Our synthesis suggests strong negative influence species on abundance communities, particularly macrophytes, zooplankton fish. In contrast, there was no general evidence for decrease in diversity invaded habitats, suggesting time lag between rapid changes local extinctions. Invaded showed increased water turbidity, nitrogen organic matter concentration, related capacity transform increase eutrophication. expansion macrophytes caused largest fish abundance, filtering activity collectors depleted planktonic (including both facultative obligate herbivores) were responsible greatest decline macrophyte most negatively affected by new predators. These relatively experimental approaches. Based our results, propose framework positive links at four trophic positions five different communities. incorporates direct biotic interactions (predation, competition, grazing) indirect physicochemical conditions mediated (habitat alteration). Considering characterize ecosystems, this is relevant anticipate far‐reaching consequences biological structure functionality ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. e1001850 - e1001850

Published: May 6, 2014

Species moved by human activities beyond the limits of their native geographic ranges into areas in which they do not naturally occur (termed aliens) can cause a broad range significant changes to recipient ecosystems; however, impacts vary greatly across species and ecosystems are introduced. There is therefore critical need for standardised method evaluate, compare, eventually predict magnitudes these different impacts. Here, we propose straightforward system classifying alien according magnitude environmental impacts, based on mechanisms impact used code International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Global Invasive Database, presented here first time. The classification uses five semi-quantitative scenarios describing under each mechanism assign levels impact—ranging from Minimal Massive—with assignment corresponding highest level deleterious associated with any mechanisms. scheme also includes categories that Not Evaluated, have No Alien Population, or Data Deficient, assigning uncertainty all classifications. We show how this applicable at ecological complexity spatial temporal scales, embraces existing metrics. In fact, analogous already widely adopted accepted Red List approach categorising extinction risk, so could conceivably be readily integrated practices policies many regions.

Language: Английский

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Invasive alien plant species: Their impact on environment, ecosystem services and human health

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 106020 - 106020

Published: Jan. 9, 2020

Language: Английский

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Defining the Impact of Non‐Native Species

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 1188 - 1194

Published: April 29, 2014

Abstract Non‐native species cause changes in the ecosystems to which they are introduced. These changes, or some of them, usually termed impacts; can be manifold and potentially damaging biodiversity. However, impacts most non‐native poorly understood, a synthesis available information is being hindered because authors often do not clearly define impact. We argue that explicitly defining impact will promote progress toward better understanding implications biodiversity caused by species; help disentangle aspects scientific debates about due disparate definitions represent true discord; improve communication between scientists from different research disciplines scientists, managers, policy makers. For these reasons based on examples literature, we devised seven key questions fall into 4 categories: directionality, classification measurement, ecological socio‐economic scale. should formulating clear practical suit specific scientific, stakeholder, legislative contexts. Definiendo el Impacto de las Especies No‐Nativas

Language: Английский

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Ecological Impacts of Alien Species: Quantification, Scope, Caveats, and Recommendations

BioScience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 55 - 63

Published: Dec. 12, 2014

Despite intensive research during the past decade on effects of alien species, invasion science still lacks capacity to accurately predict impacts those species and, therefore, provide timely advice managers where limited resources should be allocated. This has been partly by context-dependent nature ecological impacts, highly skewed toward certain taxa and habitat types, lack standardized methods for detecting quantifying impacts. We review different strategies, including specific experimental observational approaches, species. These include a four-way plot design comparing impact studies organisms. Furthermore, we identify hypothesis-driven parameters that measured at invaded sites maximize insights into impact. also present strategies recognizing high-impact Our recommendations foundation developing systematic quantitative measurements allow comparisons across sites, time.

Language: Английский

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Advancing impact prediction and hypothesis testing in invasion ecology using a comparative functional response approach

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 735 - 753

Published: Sept. 25, 2013

Abstract Invasion ecology urgently requires predictive methodologies that can forecast the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and potential invasive species. We argue many ecologically damaging invaders are characterised by their more efficient use resources. Consequently, comparison classical ‘functional response’ (relationship between resource availability) trophically analogous native species may allow prediction invader impact. review utility trait comparisons history context functional responses in invasion ecology, then present our framework for comparative responses. show response analyses, describing over a range availabilities, avoids pitfalls ‘snapshot’ assessments use. Our demonstrates how responses, within Type II III testing likely population-level outcomes invasions affected Furthermore, we describe recent studies support capacity this method; example, ‘bloody red shrimp’ Hemimysis anomala shows higher than mysids corroborates, could have predicted, actual field. The method also be used to examine differences impact two or invaders, populations same invader, abiotic (e.g. temperature) biotic parasitism) context-dependencies impacts. address previous lack rigour major hypotheses such as ‘enemy release’ ‘biotic resistance’ hypotheses, approach explicitly considers demographic consequences impacted resources, prey identify challenges application ecology. These include incorporation numerical multiple predator effects trait-mediated indirect interactions, replacement versus non-replacement study designs inclusion risk assessment frameworks. In future, generation sufficient case meta-analysis test overall hypothesis indeed predict

Language: Английский

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Biological invasions, climate change and genomics

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 23 - 46

Published: Nov. 13, 2014

Abstract The rate of biological invasions is expected to increase as the effects climate change on communities become widespread. Climate enhances habitat disturbance which facilitates establishment invasive species, in turn provides opportunities for hybridization and introgression. These influence local biodiversity that can be tracked through genetic genomic approaches. Metabarcoding metagenomic approaches provide a way monitoring some types under appearance invasives. Introgression followed by analysis entire genomes so rapidly changing areas genome are identified instances pollution monitored. Genomic markers enable accurate tracking species’ geographic origin well beyond what was previously possible. New tools promoting fresh insights into classic questions about invading organisms change, such role variation, adaptation pre‐adaptation successful invasions. providing managers with often more effective means identify potential threats, improve surveillance assess impacts communities. We framework application techniques within management context also indicate important limitations achieved.

Language: Английский

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Framework and guidelines for implementing the proposed IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT)

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 1360 - 1363

Published: Sept. 21, 2015

Abstract Recently, Blackburn et al . (2014) developed a simple, objective and transparent method for classifying alien taxa in terms of the magnitude their detrimental environmental impacts recipient areas. Here, we present comprehensive framework guidelines implementing this method, which term Environmental Impact Classification Alien Taxa, or EICAT. We detail criteria applying EICAT scheme consistent comparable fashion, prescribe supporting information that should be supplied along with classifications, describe process method. This comment aims to draw attention interested parties guidelines, them entirety location where they are freely accessible any potential users.

Language: Английский

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A review of current knowledge, risk and ecological impacts associated with non-native freshwater fish introductions in South Africa

Aquatic Invasions, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 117 - 132

Published: June 1, 2014

The introduction and spread of non-native species is one the least reversible human-induced global changes. In South Africa, fish introductions have occurred over last two a half centuries. Resultant invasions been cited as primary threat to imperilled African fishes other aquatic fauna. Addressing problem this magnitude requires an organised approach. aim paper summarise current knowledge, risk ecological impacts associated with freshwater in Africa. A total 55 introduced into novel environments Of these, 27 were alien 28 extralimital

Language: Английский

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