Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(42), P. 11770 - 11775

Published: Oct. 10, 2016

Significance Increased forest fire activity across the western United States in recent decades has contributed to widespread mortality, carbon emissions, periods of degraded air quality, and substantial suppression expenditures. Although numerous factors aided rise activity, observed warming drying have significantly increased fire-season fuel aridity, fostering a more favorable environment forested systems. We demonstrate that human-caused climate change caused over half documented increases aridity since 1970s doubled cumulative area 1984. This analysis suggests anthropogenic will continue chronically enhance potential for US while fuels are not limiting.

Language: Английский

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Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 333 - 358

Published: Aug. 30, 2016

Anthropocene defaunation, the global extinction of faunal species and populations decline in abundance individuals within populations, has been predominantly documented terrestrial ecosystems, but indicators suggest defaunation more severe freshwater ecosystems. Marine is a incipient stage, yet pronounced effects are already apparent its rapid acceleration seems likely. Defaunation now impacts planet's wildlife with profound cascading consequences, ranging from local to coextinctions interacting loss ecological services critical for humanity. Slowing will require aggressively reducing animal overexploitation habitat destruction; mitigating climate disruption; stabilizing human population growth uneven resource consumption. Given omnipresence, should receive status major environmental change be addressed same urgency as deforestation, pollution, climatic change. Global action needed prevent defaunation's current trajectory catalyzing sixth extinction.

Language: Английский

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MaxEnt’s parameter configuration and small samples: are we paying attention to recommendations? A systematic review

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5, P. e3093 - e3093

Published: March 14, 2017

Environmental niche modeling (ENM) is commonly used to develop probabilistic maps of species distribution. Among available ENM techniques, MaxEnt has become one the most popular tools for distribution, with hundreds peer-reviewed articles published each year. MaxEnt’s popularity mainly due use a graphical interface and automatic parameter configuration capabilities. However, recent studies have shown that using default may not be always appropriate because it can produce non-optimal models; particularly when dealing small number presence points. Thus, recommendation evaluate best potential combination parameters (feature classes regularization multiplier) select model. In this work we reviewed 244 between 2013 2015 assess whether researchers are following recommendations avoid sample sizes, or if they as “black box tool.” Our results show in only 16% analyzed authors evaluated feature classes, 6.9% multipliers, meager 3.7% simultaneously both before producing definitive distribution We 20 quantify differences resulting outputs software instead alternative Results from our analysis reveal important model approach, especially total area identified suitable assessed specific areas by modelling approaches. These worrying, publications potentially reporting over-complex over-simplistic models undermine applicability their results. Of particular importance inform policy making. Therefore, researchers, practitioners, reviewers editors need very judicious MaxEnt, process based on sizes.

Language: Английский

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The dual role of nitrogen supply in controlling the growth and toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 87 - 97

Published: April 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Acceleration of cyanobacterial dominance in north temperate‐subarctic lakes during the Anthropocene

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 375 - 384

Published: Feb. 26, 2015

Increases in atmospheric temperature and nutrients from land are thought to be promoting the expansion of harmful cyanobacteria lakes worldwide, yet date there has been no quantitative synthesis long-term trends. To test whether have increased abundance over past ~ 200 years evaluate relative influence potential causal mechanisms, we synthesised 108 highly resolved sedimentary time series 18 decadal-scale monitoring records north temperate-subarctic lakes. We demonstrate that: (1) significantly since c. 1800 ce, (2) they disproportionately other phytoplankton, (3) more rapidly post 1945 ce. Variation among rates increase was explained best by nutrient concentration (phosphorus nitrogen), secondary importance. Although cyanobacterial biomass declined some managed with reduced influx, larger spatio-temporal scale show continued increases throughout regions.

Language: Английский

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Food insecurity as a driver of obesity in humans: The insurance hypothesis

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 40

Published: July 28, 2016

Abstract Integrative explanations of why obesity is more prevalent in some sectors the human population than others are lacking. Here, we outline and evaluate one candidate explanation, insurance hypothesis (IH). The IH rooted adaptive evolutionary thinking: function storing fat to provide a buffer against shortfall food supply. Thus, individuals should store when they receive cues that access uncertain. Applied humans, this implies an important proximate driver be insecurity rather abundance per se. We integrate several distinct lines theory evidence bear on hypothesis. present theoretical model shows it optimal uncertain, review experimental literature from non-human animals showing reserves increase restricted. meta-analysis 125 epidemiological studies association between perceived high body weight humans. There robust positive association, but restricted adult women high-income countries. explore could light our model. conclude although alone cannot explain distribution population, may represent very component pluralistic explanation. also discuss insights offer into developmental origins obesity, dieting-induced gain, anorexia nervosa.

Language: Английский

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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: review of the distribution, phylogeography, and ecophysiology of a global invasive species

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: May 18, 2015

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a cyanobacterial species extensively studied for its toxicity, bloom formation and invasiveness potential, which have consequences to public environmental health. Its current geographical distribution, spanning different climates, suggests that C. has acquired the status of cosmopolitan species. From phylogeography studies, tropical origin this seems convincing, with conjectural routes expansion towards temperate climates. This may be result physiological plasticity, or existence ecotypes distinct requirements. In particular, known tolerate wide temperature light regimes presents diverse nutritional strategies. cyanobacterium also thought benefited from climate change conditions, regarding into Other factors, recently put forward, such as allelopathy, important expansion. The effect in invaded communities still mostly unknown but strongly disturb diversity at trophic levels. review we present an up-to-date account phylogeography, ecophysiology, well some preliminary reports impact organisms.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating eutrophication and toxic cyanobacterial blooms in large lakes: The evolution of a dual nutrient (N and P) reduction paradigm

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 847(21), P. 4359 - 4375

Published: Oct. 29, 2019

Language: Английский

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Freshwater neurotoxins and concerns for human, animal, and ecosystem health: A review of anatoxin-a and saxitoxin

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 736, P. 139515 - 139515

Published: May 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cyanobacterial blooms in oligotrophic lakes: Shifting the high‐nutrient paradigm

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 66(9), P. 1846 - 1859

Published: July 19, 2021

Abstract Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have become ubiquitous, posing major threats to ecological and public health. Decades of research focused on understanding drivers these with a primary focus eutrophic systems; however, also occur in oligotrophic systems, but received far less attention, resulting gap our overall. In this review, we explore evidence freshwater systems provide explanations for those occurrences. We show that through their unique physiological adaptations, cyanobacteria are able thrive under wide range environmental conditions, including low‐nutrient waterbodies. contend fully understand blooms, thereby mitigate manage them, must expand inquiries consider along the trophic gradient, not solely thus shifting high‐nutrient paradigm trophic‐gradient .

Language: Английский

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