Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 558 - 558

Published: May 30, 2024

Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role glia these attracted attention. Detailed understanding glial functions devastating diseases could offer novel interventions. Here, following a brief review involved regulation perception, specific contributions neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota to highlighted. In this context, cells (e.g., microglia, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, synantocytes) phenotypic manifestation or SUD emphasized. addition, knowledge potential development therapeutics touched upon.

Language: Английский

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Heavy Metal Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 1144 - 1144

Published: July 3, 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, child who has parent with the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) gene 50% chance of developing disease. Since HTT protein involved in many critical cellular processes, including neurogenesis, brain development, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, autophagy, its aberrant aggregates lead to disruption numerous pathways neurodegeneration. Essential heavy metals are vital at low concentrations; however, higher concentrations, they can exacerbate HD disrupting glial–neuronal communication and/or causing dysbiosis (disturbance gut microbiota, GM), both which neuroinflammation further Here, we discuss detail interactions iron, manganese, copper glial–neuron GM indicate how this knowledge may pave way for development new generation disease-modifying therapies HD.

Language: Английский

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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson’s Disease

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has been implicated. Current intervention PD focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief does not address neuronal losss and progression of disease. It well established nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs nonneuronal cell types including glial cells, where they inflammatory responses. Given crucial role neuroinflammation dopaminergic degeneration, involvement microglia astrocytes response, provide novel therapeutic target prevention and/or treatment PD. In review, following brief discussion PD, we focus cells specifically their pathology treatment.

Language: Английский

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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1): An Inflammatory Regulator with Potential Implications in Ferroptosis and Parkinson’s Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(18), P. 1554 - 1554

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1/CD54), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been considered as one of the most important molecules during leukocyte recruitment. It is encoded by ICAM1 gene and plays central role in inflammation. Its crucial many inflammatory diseases such ulcerative colitis rheumatoid arthritis are well established. Given that neuroinflammation, underscored microglial activation, key element neurodegenerative Parkinson’s disease (PD), we investigated whether ICAM-1 this progressive neurological condition and, if so, to elucidate underpinning mechanisms. Specifically, were interested potential interaction between ICAM-1, glial cells, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form cell death recently implicated PD. We conclude there exist direct indirect (via cells T cells) influences on ferroptosis further elucidation these interactions can suggest novel intervention for devastating disease.

Language: Английский

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Electrophysiological and Behavioral Markers of Hyperdopaminergia in DAT-KO Rats

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2114 - 2114

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Background/Objectives: Dopamine dysfunction (DA) is a hallmark of many neurological disorders. In this case, the mechanism changes in dopamine transmission on behavior remains unclear. This study look into intricate link between disrupted DA signaling, neuronal activity patterns, and behavioral abnormalities hyperdopaminergic animal model. Methods: To relationship altered levels, activity, deficits, local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded during four different behaviors transporter knockout rats (DAT-KO). At same time, striatum prefrontal cortex. Correlates LFP accompanying patterns genetically modified (DAT-KO) control animals studied. Results: DAT-KO exhibited desynchronization LFPs cortex, particularly exploratory behavior. A suppressive effect high levels was also observed. Wild-type showed greater variability across certain behaviors, while more uniform patterns. Conclusions: The decisive role synchrony STR PFC neurons organization motor acts has been revealed. forms probably suggests adaptability. More rats, indicating loss striatal flexibility when adapting to specific tasks. It likely that hyperdopaminergy rat reduces efficiency information processing due less synchronized active

Language: Английский

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