Short-chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: from Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implication

Published: March 27, 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of different microorganisms, named the gut microbiota, which key to degrade undigested food such as dietary fibers. fermentation these components leads production short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, exploit several beneficial roles for host’s health. Their absorption happen in ways human intestine depend on type fiber reaching microorganisms involved fermentation. supplementation SCFAs, mostly treating gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular, gut-brain-related diseases has been reported medical literature. This review aims give an overview dynamics butyrate gut, with a final focus role played SCFAs metabolic health present therapeutic implications.

Language: Английский

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The Detrimental Impact of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Human Gut Microbiome and Gut Barrier

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 859 - 859

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become a widely consumed food category in modern diets. However, their impact on gut health is raising increasing concerns. This review investigates how UPFs the microbiome and barrier, emphasizing dysbiosis increased permeability. UPFs, characterized by high content of synthetic additives emulsifiers, low fiber content, are associated with decrease microbial diversity, lower levels beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an increase pro-inflammatory microorganisms. These alterations community contribute to persistent inflammation, which various chronic disorders including metabolic syndrome, irritable bowel type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer. In addition, may alter gut-brain axis, potentially affecting cognitive function mental health. Dietary modifications incorporating fiber, fermented foods, probiotics can help mitigate effects UPFs. Furthermore, public needs stricter regulations for banning along well-defined labels. Further studies necessary elucidate mechanisms connecting systemic illnesses, thereby informing evidence-based dietary guidelines.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Physical Exercise on the Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2657 - 2657

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Recent studies have underscored the significant role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis IBS. Physical exercise, as non-pharmacological intervention, has been proposed to alleviate IBS symptoms modulating microbiota. Aerobic such running, swimming, cycling, shown enhance diversity abundance beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium. These bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids that possess anti-inflammatory properties support barrier integrity. Studies involving patients participating structured aerobic exercise programs reported improvements their microbiota's composition diversity, alongside an alleviation like pain bloating. Additionally, positively influences mental health reducing stress improving mood, which can further relieve via gut-brain axis. Long-term interventions provide sustained benefits, maintaining stability, supporting immune functions, systemic inflammation. However, must be tailored individual needs avoid exacerbating symptoms. Personalized plans starting with low-to-moderate intensity gradually increasing maximize benefits minimize risks. This review examines impact various types intensities physical on patients, highlighting need for explore optimal protocols. Future research should include larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, examine synergistic effects other lifestyle modifications. Integrating into comprehensive management symptom control improve patients' quality life.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between Dietary Antioxidants, Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome: Their Putative Role in Inflammation and Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8250 - 8250

Published: July 28, 2024

The intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome and progression of chronic non-communicable diseases underscores significance developing strategies to modulate GI microbiota for promoting human health. administration probiotics prebiotics represents a good strategy that enhances population beneficial bacteria in intestinal lumen post-consumption, which has positive impact on In addition, dietary fibers serve as significant energy source inhabiting cecum colon. Research articles reviews sourced from various global databases were systematically analyzed using specific phrases keywords investigate these relationships. There is clear association fiber intake improved colon function, gut motility, reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Moreover, state health reflected reciprocal bidirectional relationships among food, antioxidants, inflammation, body composition. They are known their antioxidant properties ability inhibit angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation. Additionally, they promote survival, immune inflammatory responses, inactivate pro-carcinogens. These actions collectively contribute role prevention. different investigations, supplements containing vitamins have been shown lower risk types. contrast, some evidence suggests taking can increase cancer. Ultimately, collaborative efforts immunologists, clinicians, nutritionists, dietitians imperative designing well-structured nutritional trials corroborate clinical efficacy therapy managing inflammation preventing carcinogenesis. This review seeks explore interrelationships fiber, microbiome, with particular focus potential implications

Language: Английский

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From Dysbiosis to Hepatic Inflammation: A Narrative Review on the Diet-Microbiota-Liver Axis in Steatotic Liver Disease

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 241 - 241

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

The gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in metabolic and liver health, with its influence extending to the pathogenesis progression of steatotic diseases. This review delves into gut-liver axis, dynamic communication network linking microbiome through metabolic, immunological, inflammatory pathways. Dysbiosis, characterized by altered microbial composition, contributes significantly development hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis via mechanisms such barrier dysfunction, metabolite production, systemic inflammation. Dietary patterns, including Mediterranean diet, are highlighted for their role modulating microbiota, improving axis integrity, attenuating injury. Additionally, emerging microbiota-based interventions, fecal transplantation bacteriophage therapy, show promise therapeutic strategies disease. However, challenges population heterogeneity, methodological variability, knowledge gaps hinder translational application current findings. Addressing these barriers standardized approaches integrative research will pave way microbiota-targeted therapies mitigate global burden

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Prebiotic Potentials of Hydrolyzed Pectins: Mechanisms of Action and Gut Microbiota Modulation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(21), P. 3689 - 3689

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem where the microbial community (including bacteria) can metabolize available substrates via metabolic pathways specific to each species, often related in symbiotic relations. As consequence of using and growth, beneficial metabolites be produced. When this reflects health benefits for host, these categorized as prebiotics. Given that most prebiotic candidates must have low molecular weight further metabolized by microbiota, role preliminary biological pretreatment crucial. To provide proper strategy could decrease complexity polysaccharides reduce levels polymerization target molecules, driving better solubilization consequent use bacteria. high pectin degraded (partially depolymerized), its solubility increases, thereby improving utilization gut microbiota. With regards application, prebiotics well-documented advantages when applied food additives, they improve enhance drug effects, all shown vitro, vivo, clinical trials. In review, we aim systematic evidence mechanisms action modulation pectin-derived oligosaccharides produced decreasing overall after physical and/or chemical treatments compare with other types

Language: Английский

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Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11641 - 11641

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, significantly impacting maternal and fetal health. Its global prevalence approximately 14%, with risk factors including obesity, family history of diabetes, advanced age, ethnicity, which are linked to cellular molecular disruptions in regulation insulin resistance. GD associated short- long-term complications for both the mother newborn. For mothers, increases developing type 2 cardiovascular diseases, syndrome. In offspring, exposure utero predisposes them intolerance, disorders later life. This review aims elucidate complex mechanisms underlying inform development effective therapeutic strategies. A systematic was conducted using medical subject headings (MeSH) terms related GD's pathophysiology. Inclusion criteria encompassed original studies, reviews, meta-analyses focusing on impact health, adhering PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction captured study characteristics, outcomes, key findings, conclusions. disrupts signaling pathways, leading impaired uptake Mitochondrial dysfunction reduces ATP production reactive oxygen species, exacerbating oxidative stress. Hormonal influences, chronic inflammation, dysregulation mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway further impair signaling. Gut microbiota alterations, gene expression, epigenetic modifications play significant roles GD. Ferroptosis placental primarily contribute intrauterine growth restriction. Conversely, macrosomia arises from hyperglycemia subsequent hyperinsulinemia, resulting excessive growth. The inflammatory state stress exacerbate these complications, creating hostile environment. pathophysiology involves multiple signaling, mitochondrial function, Effective management requires early detection, preventive strategies, international collaboration standardize care improve outcomes mothers babies.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen Sulfide and Gut Microbiota: Their Synergistic Role in Modulating Sirtuin Activity and Potential Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 1480 - 1480

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

The intricate relationship between hydrogen sulfide (H2S), gut microbiota, and sirtuins (SIRTs) can be seen as a paradigm axis in maintaining cellular homeostasis, modulating oxidative stress, promoting mitochondrial health, which together play pivotal role aging neurodegenerative diseases. H2S, gasotransmitter synthesized endogenously by specific acts potent modulator of function protecting against damage. Through sulfate-reducing bacteria, microbiota influences systemic H2S levels, creating link health metabolic processes. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance microbial populations, alter production, impair function, increase heighten inflammation, all contributing factors diseases such Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 SIRT3, are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate biogenesis, antioxidant defense, inflammation. enhances sirtuin activity through post-translational modifications, sulfhydration, activate pathways essential for mitigating damage, reducing longevity. SIRT1, example, deacetylates NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, while SIRT3 modulates key enzymes to improve energy metabolism detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). This synergy is profoundly influenced the levels and, turn, impacts activation. microbiota–H2S–sirtuin also regulating neuroinflammation, plays central pathogenesis Pharmacological interventions, including donors sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs), promise these synergistically, providing novel therapeutic approach conditions. suggests diversity optimal have far-reaching effects on brain health.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic Insights into the Biological Effects and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Ellagitannins: A Systematic Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 974 - 974

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Walnuts (

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Oral 5-ASA Effectiveness in Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis through an H. erinaceus-Based Nutraceutical Add-on Multi-Compound: The “HERICIUM-UC” Two-Arm Multicentre Retrospective Study

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1133 - 1133

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) management is centred on 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) derivatives. Whether supplementing 5-ASA with nutraceuticals can provide real advantages in UC-relevant outcomes unclear. This retrospective multicentre study compared clinical remission, response rates, and faecal calprotectin levels a two-arm design, including patients treated alone those additional H. erinaceus-based multi-compound supplementation. In the group, rates were 41% at three months (T1) 60.2% six (T2), while corresponding remission 16.9% 36.1%. nutraceutical supplementation 49.6% 70.4% of 30.4% 50.9% (T2). No significant differences between groups T1 (p = 0.231) T2 0.143) emerged. Clinical differed significantly both time points 0.029 p 0.042, respectively). Faecal decreased during follow-up < 0.05), this was more pronounced 0.005) 0.01). adverse events reported. multi-component offers real-world potential controlling disease activity mild-to-moderate UC.

Language: Английский

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