The Vulnerability of Plant Genetic Resources Conserved Ex Situ

Crop Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 57(5), P. 2314 - 2328

Published: July 27, 2017

The realized dangers of genetic erosion in plant resources have prompted political and scientific movements around the world to conserve over last 50 yr. More than 7 million germplasm accessions are currently conserved 1750 genebanks worldwide, about two estimated be unique. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food Agriculture was established utilize these resources. However, long‐term conservation such a large volume diverse remains challenging mission. Many critical issues affecting genebank sustainability emerged. Of note vulnerability risk within‐genebank through drift viability selection. Here, we review overall efforts yr, analyze genebanks, identify elements that threaten conservation. Measures explored with hope mitigate variable threats secure food supply humanity generations come.

Language: Английский

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Building bridges between agribusiness innovation and smallholder farmers: A review

Global Food Security, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 60 - 65

Published: Jan. 11, 2019

The mergers of some the world's largest agribusinesses have led to speculation about what sort global citizens new companies will become and whether vulnerable rural populations, especially smallholder men women farmers, be negatively impacted. As innovation leaders in agriculture industry, these expected play key roles finding solutions for major agricultural challenges facing world today. private sector has a unique voice responsibility help bridge gap ensure that good science reaches those countries where public investment research is low priority. In this paper, we review obstacles over next few decades, role overcoming obstacles, need greater funding research. We discuss how science-based drive revenue industry can also advance developing economies. Expediting as well increasing access benefits requires different way thinking sharing technology improve lives farmers create more equitable playing field agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.)

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 57 - 109

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Genetic relatedness of previously Plant-Variety-Protected commercial maize inbreds

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. e0189277 - e0189277

Published: Dec. 13, 2017

The emergence of high-throughput, high-density genotyping methods combined with increasingly powerful computing systems has created opportunities to further discover and exploit the genes controlling agronomic performance in elite maize breeding populations. Understanding genetic basis population structure an set materials is essential step this discovery process. This paper presents a genotype-based analysis all inbreds whose Plant Variety Protection certificates had expired as end 2013 (283 inbreds) well 66 public founder inbreds. results provide accurate information allow for important inferences context historical development North American commercial germplasm. Genotypic data was obtained via genotyping-by-sequencing on 349 After filtering missing data, 77,314 high-quality markers remained. remaining (average per individual 6.22 percent) fully imputed at accuracy 83 percent. Calculation linkage disequilibrium revealed that average r2 0.20 occurs approximately 1.1 Kb. Results genetics analyses agree previously published studies divide germplasm into three heterotic groups: Stiff Stalk, Non-Stiff Iodent. Principal component shows differentiation indeed very complex present many levels, yet confirms division main sub-groups optimal description. Clustering based Nei's distance provides additional empirical representation groups. Overall fixation index (FST), indicating degree divergence between groups, 0.1361. relationships may help breeders maintain potentially increase rate gain, resulting higher overall performance.

Language: Английский

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The Application of Metabolomics for the Study of Cereal Corn (Zea mays L.)

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 300 - 300

Published: July 23, 2020

Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop indigenous to the Americas, where its genetic biodiversity still preserved, especially among native populations from Mesoamerica and South America. The use of metabolomics in corn has mainly focused on understanding potential differences metabolomes under different biotic abiotic stresses or evaluate influence environmental factors. increase diet-linked non-communicable diseases increased interest optimize content bioactive secondary metabolites current breeding programs produce novel functional foods. This review provides perspectives role characterization health-relevant emphasizes integration strategies targeting enrichment phenolic such as anthocyanins kernels.

Language: Английский

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Genomic prediction with a maize collaborative panel: identification of genetic resources to enrich elite breeding programs

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 133(1), P. 201 - 215

Published: Oct. 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Testcross performance of doubled haploid lines from European flint maize landraces is promising for broadening the genetic base of elite germplasm

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 132(6), P. 1897 - 1908

Published: March 15, 2019

Language: Английский

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Assessing the impact of corn variety and Texas terroir on flavor and alcohol yield in new-make bourbon whiskey

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. e0220787 - e0220787

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

The whiskey industry is dominated by styles with recipes that contain corn as the primary grain. However, little research has been conducted to investigate specific distinctions arising from different varieties and growing environments (i.e. terroir). Further, no studies have investigated aroma or flavor impacts of terroirs. Here, three commodity yellow dent hybrid were grown on farms in Texas, spanning Texas Panhandle Mexico-United States border. Using novel small-batch mashing techniques, a newly developed new-make unaged whiskey,immediate by-product distillation) bourbon sensory lexicon, trained panel, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O), we report for first time method evaluating sample effects alcohol yield whiskey. We discover variety, terroir their interactions, previously ignored, can substantially affect valuable aspects whiskey, suggesting importance scientifically genetics agronomy developing better Excitingly, our data suggest milled higher levels benzadehyde, readily measured GC-MS/O, correlates improved distillate, which must be expensively evaluated using human panel.

Language: Английский

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Germplasm exchange is critical to conservation of biodiversity and global food security

Agronomy Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 113(4), P. 2969 - 2979

Published: June 5, 2021

Abstract Global food security depends on the continual improvement of a relatively small number and feed crops. Today's supply is heavily dependent movement seed other forms plant germplasm for these crops across national regional borders. As occurred during Green Revolution, facilitated widespread exchange major critical security. Plant breeders, molecular biologists, agronomists, using scientifically guided processes working collaboratively around world, are achieving greater gains in crop yields quality shorter times than past. However, newer policies emerging from international environmental negotiations giving rise to restrictions that limiting access threatening We argue evolving practices having far‐reaching negative impacts breeding, agriculture, provide some ideas how steer future policy encourage thereby support important objectives.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced crown root number and length confers potential for yield improvement and fertilizer reduction in nitrogen-efficient maize cultivars

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 241, P. 107562 - 107562

Published: July 12, 2019

Language: Английский

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