HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM: EXPLORING DIVERSITY ACROSS INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. e41836 - e41836

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The immune response is an intricate system that involves the complex connection of cellular and molecular components, each with distinct functional specialisations. It has a capacity to adjust mould in accordance specific stimuli, influenced by both genetic environmental factors. presence diversity, particularly across different ethnic racial groups, significantly contributes impact incidence diseases, disease susceptibility, autoimmune disorders, cancer risks regions certain populations. Environmental factors, including geography socioeconomic status, further modulate variety responses. These, turn, affect susceptibility infectious diseases development disorders. Despite complexity relationship, there remains gap understanding specificity indices races, reference ranges among populations, highlighting need for deeper diversity personalized approaches diagnostics therapeutics. This review systematically organizes these findings, goal emphasizing potential targeted interventions address health disparities advance translational research, enabling more comprehensive strategy. approach promises significant advancements identifying immunological conditions, focusing on interventions, through

Language: Английский

---

The Multifaceted Role of lncRNA GAS5: A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Cancer is a significant global health problem characterized by increased incidence and large disparities in outcomes. There compelling need to identify novel biomarkers enhance early detection, prognosis, tailored therapies. Growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) with potential as tumor suppressor subset of cancers. Its roles the diagnosis, therapy across cancer types remain underexplored. In this study, pan-cancer comprehensive analysis expression status GAS5 was conducted using various bioinformatics tools genomic datasets, including Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), University Alabama at Birmingham Data Portal (UALCAN), Omnibus (GEO). The different cancers determined then evaluated for its correlation clinicopathological parameters, immune cell infiltration, survival outcome, methylation promoter. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier plotter (KMP) used overall assessment, cBioPortal tool applied genetic alteration radiation response assessment. Functional analyses were performed data from Long Noncoding Arrays (lnCAR) database, which included coexpression networks, competing endogenous (ceRNA) interactions, pathway enrichment. Our analysis, based on three showed that significantly upregulated mainly cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), kidney renal clear carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular (LIHC) (p < 0.05). On contrary, it downregulated breast invasive (BRCA), chromophobe (KICH), uterine corpus endometrial (UCEC). High associated poor LIHC KIRC Promoter hypomethylation identified key regulatory mechanism CHOL, KIRC, exhibited positive correlations infiltration (e.g., CD4+ T cells, CD8+ macrophages) negative B dendritic cells) KIRC. network has established ceRNA interacts 36 miRNAs 95 protein-coding genes, affecting pathways like metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions alterations may have an impact levels how functions during treatment. Furthermore, epigenetic control DNA suggests possible targets personalized treatment methods. This offers foundation diagnostic prognostic biomarker, especially prominent LIHC, additional relevance Identification tissue-specific mechanisms cells opens new perspectives into context-dependent functionality GAS5. These findings highlight developing targeted therapies advancing medicine, paving way future research GAS5-based strategies cancer.

Language: Английский

---

Epigenetic Regulation by lncRNA GAS5/miRNA/mRNA Network in Human Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1377 - 1377

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

The interplay between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) is crucial in the epigenetic regulation of mRNA protein expression, impacting development progression a plethora human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory-associated viral infection. Among many lncRNAs, growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has garnered substantial attention for its evident role significant biological processes proliferation, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis. Through miRNA-mediated signaling pathways, GAS5 modulates disease cell-type-specific manner, typically by influencing proteins involved inflammation cell death. While recognized tumor suppressor recent reports highlight broader regulatory capacity non-cancerous diseases. Its modulation expression through GAS5/miRNA network been shown to both mitigate exacerbate depending on specific context. Furthermore, therapeutic potential manipulation, via knockdown or overexpression, offers promising avenues targeted interventions across This review explores dualistic impacts conditions infections, inflammatory disorders. evaluation current evidence, we aim provide insight into GAS5's functions implications future research development.

Language: Английский

---

GAS5 rs145204276 Ins/Del Polymorphism Is Associated with CRC Susceptibility in a Romanian Population

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3078 - 3078

Published: March 27, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, influenced by both genetic epigenetic factors. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) such as GAS5 CASC8 have been implicated in susceptibility. This study aimed to assess the association rs145204276 ins/del rs10505477 A>G polymorphisms with CRC risk Romanian population. A case-control was conducted, including 156 patients 195 healthy controls. Genotyping for performed using real-time PCR, evaluated logistic regression calculate odds ratios (OR) 95% confidence intervals (CI). The carriers del allele significantly associated increased (OR: 2.13, CI: 1.24-3.63, p = 0.005) dominant model. In subgroup analysis, polymorphism restricted distal colon cases 2.98, 1.57-5.66, 0.001), advanced tumor stages (III + IV) 2.54, 1.31-4.91, 0.007), poorly differentiated tumors (G3) 3.98, 1.49-10.59, 0.009). No significant correlation found polymorphism. may influence susceptibility, particularly stages. However, showed no this cohort.

Language: Английский

---

Alternative transcription increases isoform complexity in Long Non-Coding RNAs and alters their functions in cancer

Non-coding RNA Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---