The Anti-Mullerian Hormone as a Biomarker of Effectiveness of Metformin Hydrochloride Therapy in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Insulin Resistance

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 884 - 884

Published: April 11, 2025

Background/Objectives: Among the therapeutic options available for managing PCOS, metformin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces androgen levels, and helps restore menstrual regularity ovulation. While primarily used its metabolic effects, therapy may also influence reproductive parameters, including AMH which are pivotal in improving ovarian function predicting outcomes PCOS. The aim of this study was to search scientific literature analyze correlation between levels hydrochloride women with PCOS IR. Methods: A systematic review conducted using following keywords: polycystic syndrome, anti-Mullerian hormone, resistance, metformin, treatment, biomarker, syndrome. This aimed at investigating potential as a biomarker effectiveness patients Results: Metformin treatment has shown significant reductions serum prolonged therapy. As an sensitizer, hyperinsulinemia, suppresses hyperandrogenism. process inhibits growth antral follicles, is reflected decreased levels. Conclusions: Reductions improvements sensitivity can serve indicators efficacy enhancements these patients. could be considered prognostic marker evaluating decrease indicate improved reduction morphology. However, further research necessary confirm findings determine optimal dosages duration treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress as a Link between Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14450 - 14450

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

This review is devoted to the problems of common features linking metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes with development Alzheimer’s disease. The pathogenesis disease closely intersects mechanisms development, an important risk factor for both pathologies aging. Common pathological include factors in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, amyloidosis, as well impaired mitochondrial dysfunctions increasing cell death. currently available drugs treatment have limited therapeutic efficacy. It note that used treat disease, particular acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, show a positive potential diabetes, while can also prevent number characteristic A promising direction search strategy may be creation complex multi-target neuroprotective affect specific targets

Language: Английский

---

The Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup on Glucose Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Their Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1691 - 1691

Published: May 29, 2024

Probiotics have garnered increasing attention as a potential therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies confirmed that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) could stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in NCI-H716 cells, but whether has hypoglycemic effect on T2DM vivo remains unclear. In this study, mouse model was constructed, with high-fat diet and streptozotocin mice, to investigate diabetes. Then, different doses (2 × 109 CFU/kg, 1 1010 CFU/kg) were gavaged 6 weeks glucose metabolism its mechanisms. The results showed high-dose significantly reduced fasting blood (FBG) levels homeostasis assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) mice compared other groups. addition, there significant increases short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate, GLP-1 group. increased relative abundance decreased number Escherichia-Shigella Staphylococcus. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed demonstrated positive negative incremental AUC. summary, study demonstrates effects can modulate gut microbiota, promoting SCFAs GLP-1.

Language: Английский

---

Metformin use correlated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases and related mortality among US cancer survivors: evidence from a nationally representative cohort study

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract Background In the USA, prolonged effective survival of cancer population has brought significant attention to rising risk cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in this population. This heightened underscores urgent need for research into pharmacological interventions survivors. Notably, metformin, a well-known metabolic regulator with pleiotropic effects, shown protective effects against disorders diabetic individuals. Despite these promising indications, evidence supporting its efficacy improving outcomes survivors remains scarce. Methods A prospective cohort was established using nationally representative sample enrolled US National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning 2003 2018. Outcomes were derived from patient interviews, physical examinations, public-access linked archives up 2019. The Oxidative Balance Score utilized assess participants’ levels oxidative stress. To evaluate correlations between metformin use diseases related mortality, analysis performed by Cox proportional hazards model, cross-sectional logistic regression models. Interaction analyses conducted explore specific mechanism metformin. Results Among 3995 (weighted population, 21,671,061, weighted mean [SE] age, 62.62 [0.33] years; 2119 [53.04%] females; 2727 [68.26%] Non-Hispanic White individuals), 448 reported usage. During follow-up period 17 years (median, 6.42 years), there 1233 recorded deaths, including 481 deaths causes. Multivariable models indicated that associated lower all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–0.81) (HR, 0.65; CI, 0.44–0.97) compared nonusers. Metformin also correlated total cardiovascular disease (odds [OR], 0.41; 0.28–0.59), stroke (OR, 0.44; 0.26–0.74), hypertension 0.27; 0.14–0.52), coronary heart 0.21–0.78). observed inverse associations consistent across subgroup four populations identified as high-risk groups. suggested non-use may counter-balance Conclusions study involving survivors, significantly diseases, mortality.

Language: Английский

---

Liposomal quercetin: A promising strategy to combat hepatic insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 661, P. 124441 - 124441

Published: July 6, 2024

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatic insulin resistance is intricately associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the lack of therapeutic interventions directly targeting dysfunction represents a notable gap in current treatment options. Flavonoids have been explored due to their potential antidiabetic effects. However, these compounds are low bioavailability high metabolization. present study, four flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside quercetin-7-O-glucoside, were studied cellular model using HepG2 cells. Quercetin was selected as most promising flavonoid incorporated into liposomes enhance its effect. had mean size 0.12 µm, an incorporation efficiency 93 %. exhibited increased efficacy modulating resistance. This achieved through modulation Akt expression attenuation inflammation, particularly via NF-κB pathway, well regulation PGE2 COX-2 expression. Furthermore, quercetin displayed significant advantage over free attenuating production reactive pro-oxidant species. These findings open new avenues for developing innovative strategies manage diabetes, emphasizing approach both

Language: Английский

---

Novel Activity of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Linked with Decreased Formation of Tryptophan Metabolite, Kynurenic Acid

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 127 - 127

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Kynurenic acid is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolite formed along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway in brain and peripheral tissues. The disturbed formation of kynurenic acid, which targets glutamate-mediated neurotransmission, GPR35, aryl hydrocarbon receptors immune or redox status, was implicated development neuropsychiatric metabolic disorders among others. exerts neuroprotective immunomodulatory effects, yet its high levels may negatively impact cognition. Changes Trp–KYN are also linked with pathogenesis diabetes mellitus, an established risk factor for cardiovascular neurological diseases cognitive deficits. Here, effects metformin glibenclamide on synthesis were evaluated. Acute exposure rat cortical slices vitro to either drugs reduced production de novo. Glibenclamide, but not metformin, inhibited activity biosynthetic enzymes, aminotransferases (KATs) I II, semi-purified homogenates. availability be regarded as unwanted effect, possibly alleviating action oral hypoglycemic agents. On other hand, considering that both compounds ameliorate deficits animal human studies hamper learning memory, diminished improve

Language: Английский

---

In vitro and in silico investigation of FDA‐approved drugs to be repurposed against Alzheimer's disease

Drug Development Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 85(3)

Published: April 18, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the main causes dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in treatment AD, but prolonged use these drugs can lead to serious side effects. Drug repurposing an approach that aims reveal effectiveness different diseases beyond their clinical uses. In this work, we investigated vitro and silico inhibitory effects 11 on cholinesterases. The results showed trimebutine, theophylline, levamisole had highest acetylcholinesterase actions among tested drugs, inhibited by 68.70 ± 0.46, 53.25 3.40, 44.03 1.20%, respectively at 1000 µM. addition, bound via competitive manner. Molecular modeling predicted good fitness active site for possible central nervous system action trimebutine. All demonstrated trimebutine was determined be drug with potential AD.

Language: Английский

---

Effect of metformin in hypothalamic astrocytes from an immunocompromised mice model

Biochimie, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 223, P. 196 - 205

Published: April 18, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Advances in metformin‐delivery systems for diabetes and obesity management

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 3513 - 3529

Published: July 10, 2024

Abstract Metformin is a medication that commonly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. It has been used for more than 60 years and highly effective in lowering blood glucose levels. Recent studies indicate metformin may have additional medical benefits beyond treating diabetes, revealing its potential therapeutic uses. Oral administer because of convenience cost‐effectiveness. However, there are challenges optimizing effectiveness. Gastrointestinal side effects limitations bioavailability led the underutilization metformin. Innovative drug‐delivery systems such as fast‐dissolving tablets, micro/nanoparticle formulations, hydrogel microneedles explored optimize therapy. These strategies enhance dosage, targeting, stability, provide personalized treatment options improved homeostasis, antiobesity metabolic health benefits. Developing new delivery shows improving outcomes, broadening applications diabetes management addressing unmet needs various clinical settings. it important improve systems, issues complexity, cost, biocompatibility, stability during storage transportation, loading capacity, required technologies biomaterials, targeting precision regulatory approval. Addressing these crucial effective, safe accessible drug practice. In this review, recent advances development application metformin‐delivery obesity discussed.

Language: Английский

---

A Narrative Review: Repurposing Metformin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Oral Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(17), P. 3017 - 3017

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a significant global health challenge because of its high incidence and limited treatment options. Major risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, specific microbiota, contribute to the disease’s prevalence. Recently, compelling association between diabetes mellitus (DM) cancer has been identified, with metformin, widely used antidiabetic drug, emerging as potential therapeutic agent across various cancers, OSCC. This review explores both preclinical clinical studies understand mechanisms by which metformin may exert anticancer effects, such inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, enhancing efficacy existing treatments. Preclinical demonstrate that modulates crucial metabolic pathways, reduces inflammation, impacts cellular thereby potentially lowering improving patient outcomes. Additionally, metformin’s ability reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulate LIN28/let-7 axis, role in head neck (HNSCC) are examined through experimental models. In contexts, shows promise outcomes reducing recurrence rates, although challenges drug interactions, complex dosing regimens, risks vitamin B12 deficiency remain. Future research should focus on optimizing application, investigating synergistic effects other therapies, conducting rigorous trials validate OSCC treatment. dual exploration underscores play transformative management care, revolutionizing strategies.

Language: Английский

---