Differences between First wave and Second wave of COVID-19 in India

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 1047 - 1048

Published: May 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 pneumonia: pathophysiology and management

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(162), P. 210138 - 210138

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is an evolving disease. We will focus on the development of its pathophysiologic characteristics over time, and how these time-related changes determine modifications in treatment. In emergency department: peculiar characteristic coexistence, a significant fraction patients, severe hypoxaemia, near-normal lung computed tomography imaging, gas volume respiratory mechanics. Despite high drive, dyspnoea rate are often normal. The underlying mechanism primarily altered perfusion. anatomical prerequisites for PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) to work (lung oedema, atelectasis, therefore recruitability) lacking. high-dependency unit: starts worsen either because natural evolution or additional patient self-inflicted injury (P-SILI). Oedema atelectasis may develop, increasing recruitability. Noninvasive supports indicated if they result reversal hypoxaemia decreased inspiratory effort. Otherwise, mechanical ventilation should be considered avert P-SILI. intensive care primary advance unresolved COVID-19 progressive shift from oedema less reversible structural alterations fibrosis. These later associated with notable impairment mechanics, increased arterial carbon dioxide tension ( P aCO 2 ), recruitability lack response prone positioning.

Language: Английский

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Difference in mortality among individuals admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in South Africa: a cohort study

The Lancet Global Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. e1216 - e1225

Published: July 9, 2021

The first wave of COVID-19 in South Africa peaked July, 2020, and a larger second January, 2021, which the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 (Beta) lineage predominated. We aimed to compare in-hospital mortality other patient characteristics between waves.In this prospective cohort study, we analysed data from DATCOV national active surveillance system for admissions hospital March 5, 27, 2021. contained all hospitals that have admitted with COVID-19. used incidence risk admission determined cutoff dates define five periods: pre-wave 1, post-wave 2, 2. compared patients who were 1 factors accounting period using random-effect multivariable logistic regression.Peak rates cases, admissions, deaths exceeded wave: 240·4 cases per 100 000 people vs 136·0 people; 27·9 16·1 deaths, 8·3 3·6 people. weekly average growth rate was 20% 43% 2 (ratio 1·19, 95% CI 1·18-1·20). Compared wave, individuals more likely be age 40-64 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1·22, 1·14-1·31), older than 65 (aOR 1·38, 1·25-1·52), younger 40 years; Mixed race 1·21, 1·06-1·38) White race; public sector 1·65, 1·41-1·92); less Black 0·53, 0·47-0·60) Indian 0·77, 0·66-0·91), White; comorbid condition 0·60, 0·55-0·67). For analysis, after adjusting there 31% increased 1·31, 1·28-1·35). In-hospital case-fatality 17·7% weeks low (<3500 admissions) 26·9% very high (>8000 admissions; aOR 1·24, 1·17-1·32).In Africa, associated higher COVID-19, rapid increase hospital, mortality. Although some can explained by being individuals, sector, health pressure, residual could related new Beta lineage.DATCOV as is funded National Institute Communicable Diseases African Government.

Language: Английский

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Risk factors for severity on admission and the disease progression during hospitalisation in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Japan

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. e047007 - e047007

Published: June 1, 2021

Objectives To investigate the risk factors contributing to severity on admission. Additionally, of worst and fatality were studied. Moreover, compared based three points: early severity, fatality. Design An observational cohort study using data entered in a Japan nationwide COVID-19 inpatient registry, COVIREGI-JP. Setting As 28 September 2020, 10480 cases from 802 facilities have been registered. Participating cover wide range hospitals where patients with are admitted Japan. Participants who had positive test result any applicable SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests participating healthcare facilities. A total 3829 identified 16 January 31 May which 3376 included this study. Primary secondary outcome measures was severe or nonsevere admission, determined by requirement mechanical ventilation oxygen therapy, SpO2 respiratory rate. Secondary during hospitalisation, judged and/orinvasive ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Results Risk for admission older age, men, cardiovascular disease, chronic diabetes, obesity hypertension. Cerebrovascular liver renal disease dialysis, solid tumour hyperlipidaemia did not influence admission; however, it influenced severity. Fatality rates obesity, hypertension relatively lower. Conclusions This segregated comorbidities influencing death. It is possible that consistent may be propelled different factors. Specifically, while hypertension, major effect their impact mild Japanese population. Some studies contradict our results; therefore, detailed analyses, considering in-hospital treatments, needed validation. Trial registration number UMIN000039873. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045453

Language: Английский

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Clinical profile of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in first & second wave of the pandemic: Insights from an Indian registry based observational study

The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 153(5), P. 619 - 619

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Background & objectives: India witnessed a massive second surge of COVID-19 cases since March 2021 after period decline from September 2020. Data collected under the National Clinical Registry for (NCRC) were analysed to describe differences in demographic and clinical features patients recruited during these two successive waves. Methods: The NCRC, launched 2020, is an ongoing multicentre observational initiative, which provided platform current investigation. Demographic, clinical, treatment outcome data hospitalized, confirmed captured electronic portal 41 hospitals across India. Patients enrolled 1, 2020 January 31, February 1 May 11, constituted participants waves, respectively. Results: As on 2021, 18961 individuals registry, 12059 6903 reflecting in-patients first Mean age was significantly lower wave [48.7 (18.1) yr vs. 50.7 (18.0) yr, P<0.001] with higher proportion younger group intervals <20, 20-39 yr. Approximately 70 per cent admitted ≥ 40 both waves pandemic. males slightly as compared [4400 (63.7%) 7886 (65.4%), P=0.02]. Commonest presenting symptom fever In wave, [2625 (48.6%) 4420 (42.8%), P<0.003] complained shortness breath, developed ARDS [422(13%) 880 (7.9%), P<0.001], required supplemental oxygen [1637 (50.3%) 4771 (42.7%), mechanical ventilation [260 (15.9%) 530 (11.1%), P<0.001]. Mortality also increased [OR: 1.35 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.52)] all groups except <20 Interpretation conclusions: different presentation than demography, lesser comorbidities, breathlessness greater frequency.

Language: Английский

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Increased mortality among individuals hospitalised with COVID-19 during the second wave in South Africa

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction South Africa experienced its first wave of COVID-19 peaking in mid-July 2020 and a larger second January 2021, which the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 lineage predominated. We aimed to compare in-hospital mortality other patient characteristics between waves COVID-19. Methods analysed data from DATCOV national active surveillance system for hospitalisations. defined four periods using incidence risk hospitalisation, pre-wave 1, 2 2. compared hospitalised cases 1 2, factors accounting period multivariable logistic regression. Results Peak rates cases, admissions deaths exceeded (138.1 versus 240.1; 16.7 28.9; 3.3 7.1 respectively per 100,000 persons). The weekly average increase hospitalisation was 22% 28% [ratio growth rate two one: 1.04, 95% CI 1.04-1.05]. On analysis, after adjusting hospital admissions, there 20% increased (adjusted OR 1.2, 1.2-1.3). In-hospital case fatality-risk (CFR) weeks peak occupancy, 17.9% low occupancy (<3,500 admissions) 29.6% very high (>12,500 1.5, 1.4-1.5). Compared wave, individuals were more likely be older, 40-64 years [OR 1.1, 1.0-1.1] ≥65 1.1-1.1] <40 years; admitted public sector 2.2, 1.7-2.8]; less have comorbidities 0.5, 0.5-0.5]. Conclusions In Africa, associated with higher rapid hospitalisations, mortality. While some this is explained by increasing pressure on health system, residual patients beyond this, could related new 501Y.V2. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Evidence before study Most countries reported numbers but lower case-fatality (CFR), part due therapeutic interventions, testing better prepared systems. peaked variant concern, New variants been shown transmissible United Kingdom, people infected B.1.1.7 infection non-B.1.1.7 viruses. There are currently limited severity Added value comparing revealed that wave. Our also describes demographic shift quantifies impact overwhelmed capacity Implications all available evidence suggest (501Y.V2) may during should interpreted caution however as our analysis based comparison proxy dominant we did not individual-level lineage. Individual level studies outcomes without sequencing needed. To prevent potential third require combination strategies slow transmission SARS-CoV-2, spread out epidemic, would being breached.

Language: Английский

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Spatio-temporal patterns of the COVID-19 pandemic, and place-based influential factors at the neighborhood scale in Tehran

Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 103034 - 103034

Published: May 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Cytokine signature and COVID-19 prediction models in the two waves of pandemics

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

Abstract In Europe, multiple waves of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been observed. Here, we investigated whether common patterns cytokines could be detected in individuals mild and severe forms COVID-19 two pandemic waves, machine learning approach useful to identify the best predictors. An increasing trend was observed patients or severe/critical symptoms COVID-19, compared healthy volunteers. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) clearly recognized three groups based on cytokine patterns. Classification Regression Tree (CART) further indicated that IL-6 discriminated controls patients, whilst IL-8 defined disease severity. During second wave pandemics, a less intense storm observed, as first. most robust predictor infection moderate from controls, regardless epidemic peak curve. Thus, serum provide biomarkers for diagnosis prognosis. Further definition individual may allow envision novel therapeutic options pave way set up innovative diagnostic tools.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of the clinical presentation across two waves of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 3, 2022

Only a few studies have performed comprehensive comparisons between hospitalized patients from different waves of COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and laboratory data admitted western part Denmark during first second COVID-19 in 2020. Furthermore, identify risk factors for critical disease describe available information on sources infection.We retrospective study medical records 311 consecutive patients, 157 wave 1 154 2. The period March 7 June 30, 2020, was considered 1, July 1st December 31, Data are presented as total population, comparison 2, with without (nonsurvivors intensive care unit (ICU)).Patients experienced more severe course than Admissions ICU fatal were significantly higher among compared percentage infected at hospital decreased 2 whereas home We found no significant differences sociodemographics, lifestyle information, or However, age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, fever, dyspnea identified disease. observed increased levels C-reactive protein creatinine, lower hemoglobin disease.At admission, severely ill outcomes worse 1. confirmed previously In addition, that most infections acquired home.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Study Between the First and Second Wave of COVID-19 Deaths in India: A Single Center Study

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 12, 2023

Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously evolving, and many mutant variants of the virus are circulating in world. Recurrent waves COVID-19 have caused enormous mortality all across globe. Considering novelty virus, it becomes crucial for healthcare experts policymakers to understand demographic clinical attributes inpatient deaths first second COVID-19. Methods This hospital record-based comparative study was conducted at a tertiary care Uttarakhand, India. included RT PCR-positive patients admitted during wave, from 1st April 2020 31st January 2021, wave March 2021 30th June 2021. Comparisons were made with respect demographic, clinical, laboratory parameters, course stay. Results exhibited 11.34% more casualties number being 424 475 waves, respectively. A male preponderance evident both significant differences (p=0.004). There no difference age between two (p=0.809). significantly different comorbidities hypertension (p=0.003) coronary artery disease (p=0.014). manifestations demonstrating cough (p=0.000), sore throat (p=0.002), altered mental status headache (p=0.025), loss taste smell (p=0.001), tachypnea (p=0.000). lab parameters lymphopenia elevated aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.004), leukocytosis (p=0.008), thrombocytopenia During terms intensive unit stay, need non-invasive ventilation inotrope support higher. complications manifesting form distress sepsis observed wave. discerned median duration stay Conclusion Despite shorter duration, culminated deaths. demonstrated that most baseline characteristics attributed common COVID-19, including complications, stays. unpredictable nature calls instituting well-planned surveillance mechanism place identify surge cases earliest possible time prompt response, along developing infrastructure capacity manage complications.

Language: Английский

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