A meta‐analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 975 - 989

Published: Sept. 6, 2004

Abstract Biotic resistance describes the ability of resident species in a community to reduce success exotic invasions. Although is well‐accepted phenomenon, less clear are processes that contribute most it, and whether those strong enough completely repel invaders. Current perceptions strong, competition‐driven biotic stem from classic ecological theory, Elton's formulation resistance, general acceptance enemies‐release hypothesis. We conducted meta‐analysis plant invasions literature quantify contribution competitors, diversity, herbivores soil fungal communities resistance. Results indicated large negative effects all factors except on invader establishment performance. Contrary predictions derived natural enemies hypothesis, reduced invasion as effectively competitors. significantly individual invaders, we found little evidence interactions repelled conclude rarely enable resist invasion, but instead constrain abundance invasive once they have successfully established.

Language: Английский

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Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 409 - 431

Published: June 6, 2006

This paper considers key issues in plant invasion ecology, where findings published since 1990 have significantly improved our understanding of many aspects invasions. The review focuses on vascular plants invading natural and semi-natural ecosystems, fundamental ecological relating to species invasiveness community invasibility. Three big questions addressed by the SCOPE programme 1980s (which invade; which habitats are invaded; how can we manage invasions?) still underpin most work ecology. Some organizing unifying themes field organism-focused relate (the tens rule; concept residence time; taxonomic patterns Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis; phenotypic plasticity rapid evolutionary change, including evolution increased competitive ability role long-distance dispersal). Others ecosystem-centred deal with determinants invasibility communities, regions (levels invasion, propagule pressure; biotic resistance hypothesis links between diversity invasibility; synergisms, mutualisms, invasional meltdown). theories taken an overarching approach invasions integrating concepts (a theory seed invasiveness; fluctuating resources invasibility). Concepts, hypotheses reviewed here be linked naturalization-invasion continuum concept, relates processes a sequence environmental barriers that introduced must negotiate become casual, naturalized invasive. New research tools ecology succession conservation biology weed science, respectively, strengthened conceptual pillars

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion

Nature, Journal Year: 2002, Volume and Issue: 417(6889), P. 636 - 638

Published: June 1, 2002

Language: Английский

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Invasion of Coastal Marine Communities in North America: Apparent Patterns, Processes, and Biases

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 481 - 531

Published: Nov. 1, 2000

▪ Abstract Biological invasions of marine habitats have been common, and many patterns emerge from the existing literature. In North America, we identify 298 nonindigenous species (NIS) invertebrates algae that are established in estuarine waters, generating “apparent patterns” invasion: (a) The rate reported has increased exponentially over past 200 years; (b) Most NIS crustaceans molluscs, while taxonomic groups dominated by small organisms rare; (c) resulted shipping; (d) More present along Pacific coast than Atlantic Gulf coasts; (e) Native source regions differ among coasts, corresponding to trade patterns. validity these apparent remains be tested, because strong bias exists data. Overall, emergent reflect interactive effects propagule supply, invasion resistance, sampling bias. Understanding relative contribution each component a major challenge for ecology requires standardized, quantitative measures space time now lack.

Language: Английский

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Species Diversity and Biological Invasions: Relating Local Process to Community Pattern

Science, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 288(5467), P. 852 - 854

Published: May 5, 2000

In a California riparian system, the most diverse natural assemblages are invaded by exotic plants. A direct in situ manipulation of local diversity and seed addition experiment showed that these patterns emerge despite intrinsic negative effects on invasions. The results suggest species loss at small scales may reduce invasion resistance. At community-wide scales, overwhelming ecological factors spatially covarying with diversity, such as propagule supply, make communities likely to be invaded.

Language: Английский

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A neutral terminology to define ‘invasive’ species

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 135 - 141

Published: Feb. 24, 2004

ABSTRACT The use of simple terms to articulate ecological concepts can confuse ideological debates and undermine management efforts. This problem is particularly acute in studies nonindigenous species, which alternatively have been called ‘exotic’, ‘introduced’, ‘invasive’ ‘naturalised’, among others. Attempts redefine commonly used terminology proven difficult because authors are often partial particular definitions. In an attempt form a consensus on invasion terminology, we synthesize invasional framework based current models that break the process into series consecutive, obligatory stages. Unlike previous efforts, propose neutral this framework. ‘stage‐based’ be supplement with ambiguous meanings (e.g. invasive, introduced, naturalized, weedy, etc.), thereby improve clarity future studies. approach concept ‘propagule pressure’ has additional benefit identifying factors affecting success species at each stage. Under framework, invasions more objectively understood as biogeographical, rather than taxonomic, phenomena; author preferences existing addressed. An example recommended protocol might be: ‘We examined distribution data contrast characteristics invasive (stages IVa V) noninvasive III IVb)’.

Language: Английский

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Propagule Pressure: A Null Model for Biological Invasions

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 1023 - 1037

Published: Jan. 23, 2006

Language: Английский

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THE INVASION PARADOX: RECONCILING PATTERN AND PROCESS IN SPECIES INVASIONS

Ecology, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 88(1), P. 3 - 17

Published: Jan. 1, 2007

The invasion paradox describes the co-occurrence of independent lines support for both a negative and positive relationship between native biodiversity invasions exotic species. leaves implications native–exotic species richness relationships open to debate: Are rich communities more or less susceptible by species? We reviewed considerable observational, experimental, theoretical evidence describing sought generalizations concerning where why occurs, its community ecology assembly processes, relevance restoration, management, policy associated with invasions. crux concerns associations at broad spatial scales, fine especially in experiments which diversity was directly manipulated. identified eight processes that can generate either relationships, but none both. As all have been shown be important some systems, simple general theory paradox, thus invasibility, is probably unrealistic. Nonetheless, we outline several key issues help resolve discuss difficult juxtaposition experimental observational data (which often ask subtly different questions), identify themes additional study. conclude natively ecosystems are likely hotspots species, reduction local further accelerate these other vulnerable habitats.

Language: Английский

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CONSEQUENCES OF DOMINANCE: A REVIEW OF EVENNESS EFFECTS ON LOCAL AND REGIONAL ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES

Ecology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 89(6), P. 1510 - 1520

Published: May 30, 2008

The composition of communities is strongly altered by anthropogenic manipulations biogeochemical cycles, abiotic conditions, and trophic structure in all major ecosystems. Whereas the effects species loss on ecosystem processes have received broad attention, consequences dominance for emergent properties ecosystems are poorly investigated. Here we propose a framework guiding our understanding how affects interactions within communities, ecosystems, dynamics regional scales. Dominance (or complementary term, evenness) reflects distribution traits community, which turn strength sign both intraspecifc interspecific interactions. Consequently, also mediates effect such coexistence. We review evidence fact that directly functions as process rates via identity (the dominant trait) evenness frequency traits), indirectly alters relationship between richness. influences temporal spatial variability aggregate community compositional stability (invasibility). Finally, coexistence altering metacommunity dynamics. Local leads to high beta diversity, rare can persist because source-sink dynamics, but anthropogenically induced environmental changes result low reducing Given rapid alterations many strong implications these changes, should be considered explicitly analysis biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Reduced genetic variation and the success of an invasive species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2000, Volume and Issue: 97(11), P. 5948 - 5953

Published: May 16, 2000

Despite the severe ecological and economic damage caused by introduced species, factors that allow invaders to become successful often remain elusive. Of invasive taxa, ants are among most widespread harmful. Highly unicolonial, forming supercolonies in which workers queens mix freely physically separate nests. By reducing costs associated with territoriality, unicolonial species can attain high worker densities, allowing them achieve interspecific dominance. Here we examine behavior population genetics of Argentine ant ( Linepithema humile ) its native ranges, provide a mechanism explain success as an invader. Using microsatellite markers, show bottleneck has reduced genetic diversity populations. This loss is intraspecific aggression spatially nests, leads formation interspecifically dominant supercolonies. In contrast, populations more genetically variable exhibit pronounced aggression. Although reductions generally considered detrimental, these findings example how lead success. addition, results insights into origin evolution unicoloniality, challenge kin selection theory.

Language: Английский

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