A meta‐analysis of trait differences between invasive and non‐invasive plant species

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 235 - 245

Published: Dec. 10, 2009

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 235–245 Abstract A major aim in ecology is identifying determinants of invasiveness. We performed a meta‐analysis 117 field or experimental‐garden studies that measured pair‐wise trait differences total 125 invasive and 196 non‐invasive plant species the range species. tested whether invasiveness associated with performance‐related traits (physiology, leaf‐area allocation, shoot growth rate, size fitness), such associations depend on type study biogeographical biological factors. Overall, had significantly higher values than for all six categories. More were significant vs. native comparisons alien comparisons. Moreover, between themselves are elsewhere, no significant. Differences physiology rate larger tropical regions temperate regions. Trait did not originates from Europe, nor they test environment. conclude those related to performance This suggests it might become possible predict future invasions traits.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Propagule Pressure in Biological Invasions

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 81 - 102

Published: Aug. 27, 2009

Although most studies of factors contributing to successful establishment and spread non-native species have focused on traits characteristics (both biotic abiotic), increasing empirical statistical evidence implicates propagule pressure—propagule sizes, numbers, temporal spatial patterns arrival—as important in both facets invasion. Increasing size enhances probability primarily by lessening effects demographic stochasticity, whereas number acts diminishing impacts environmental stochasticity. A continuing rain propagules, particularly from a variety sources, may erase or vitiate the expected genetic bottleneck for invasions initiated few individuals (as are), thereby enhancing likelihood survival. For species, recent molecular suggests ongoing pressure aids an invasion introducing variation adaptive new areas habitats. This phenomenon also explain some time lags between its become invasive pest.

Language: Английский

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Reducing redundancy in invasion ecology by integrating hypotheses into a single theoretical framework

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 22 - 40

Published: Oct. 11, 2008

ABSTRACT Aim Invasion ecology includes many hypotheses. Empirical evidence suggests that most of these can explain the success some invaders to degree in circumstances. If they all are correct, what does this tell us about invasion? We illustrate major themes invasion ecology, and provide an overarching framework helps organize research foster links among subfields more generally. Location Global. Methods review synthesize 29 leading hypotheses plant ecology. Structured around propagule pressure (P), abiotic characteristics (A) biotic (B), with additional influence humans (H) on P, A B (hereon PAB), we show how fit into one paradigm. P is based size frequency introductions, incorporates ecosystem invasibility physical conditions, invading species (invasiveness), recipient community their interactions. Having justified PAB framework, propose a way which could progress. Results By highlighting common ground hypotheses, encumbered by theoretical redundancy be removed through integration. Using both holistic incremental approaches, guide quantify relative importance different mechanisms. Main conclusions prime aim identify main cause success, contend top‐down approach focuses maximizes efficiency. This identifies influential factors first, subsequently narrows number potential causal viewing as multifaceted process partitioned drivers broken down series sequential steps, theory rigorously tested, understanding improved effective weed management techniques identified.

Language: Английский

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Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: a framework for integrating pathways into policy

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 403 - 414

Published: March 19, 2008

Summary Pathways describe the processes that result in introduction of alien species from one location to another. A framework is proposed facilitate comparative analysis invasion pathways by a wide range taxa both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Comparisons with data helped identify existing gaps current knowledge highlight limitations legislation manage introductions species. The scheme aims for universality but uses European Union as case study regulatory perspectives. Alien may arrive enter new region through three broad mechanisms: importation commodity, arrival transport vector, and/or natural spread neighbouring where itself alien. These mechanisms six principal pathways: release, escape, contaminant, stowaway, corridor unaided. transported commodities be introduced deliberate release or an escape captivity. Many are not intentionally contaminant example pathogens pests. Stowaways directly associated human independently specific organisms ballast water, cargo airfreight. pathway highlights role infrastructures play unaided describes situations results arriving into donor it also Vertebrate tend characterized releases, invertebrates contaminants plants escapes. Pathogenic micro‐organisms fungi generally their hosts. often ignored assessments warrant further detailed consideration. Synthesis applications. Intentional releases escapes should straightforward monitor regulate but, practice, developing has proved difficult. New continue occur pathways. represent special challenges management legislation. present enable these trends monitored more clearly hopefully lead development appropriate regulations codes practice stem number future introductions.

Language: Английский

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Plant invasion across space and time: factors affecting nonindigenous species success during four stages of invasion

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 176(2), P. 256 - 273

Published: Sept. 5, 2007

Contents Summary 256 I. Introduction 257 II. Stages of invasion 260 III. A case for the four‐stage framework: forecasting response nonindigenous plant species to climate change 268 IV. Conclusion Acknowledgements 269 References

Language: Английский

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Progress toward understanding the ecological impacts of nonnative species

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 83(3), P. 263 - 282

Published: Feb. 6, 2013

A predictive understanding of the ecological impacts nonnative species has been slow to develop, owing largely an apparent dearth clearly defined hypotheses and lack a broad theoretical framework. The context dependency impact fueled perception that meaningful generalizations are nonexistent. Here, we identified reviewed 19 testable explain temporal spatial variation in impact. Despite poor validation most date, evidence suggests each can at least some situations. Several scope (applying plants animals virtually all contexts) them, intriguingly, link processes colonization Collectively, these highlight importance functional ecology structure, diversity, evolutionary experience recipient community as general determinants impact; thus, they could provide foundation for framework predicting Further substantive progress toward this goal requires explicit consideration within‐taxon across‐taxa per capita effect invaders, analyses complex interactions between invaders their biotic abiotic environments.

Language: Английский

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The more you introduce the more you get: the role of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 904 - 910

Published: Aug. 4, 2009

Abstract Aim We argue that ‘propagule pressure’, a key term in invasion biology, has been attributed at least three distinct definitions (with usage of related causing additional confusion). All the refer to fundamental concepts within process, with result importance these different best diluted, and worst lost. Location Global. Methods reviewed pertinent literature on propagule pressure resolve confusion about uses pressure’ we introduced new for one variant, colonization pressure. conducted computer simulation whereby introduction species is represented as simple sampling process elucidate relationship between Results defined number or released single location, some which will go establish self‐sustaining population not. subsequently argued should serve null hypothesis understanding temporal spatial differences exotic richness, more are introduced, expect establish. Finally, using simulation, showed pressure, but non‐linear manner. Main conclusion suggest nature well efficacy various proxy measures each, require detailed exploration if ecology continue develop into predictive science.

Language: Английский

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Global change and marine communities: Alien species and climate change

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 55(7-9), P. 342 - 352

Published: Jan. 1, 2007

Language: Английский

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Ain't no mountain high enough: plant invasions reaching new elevations

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. 479 - 486

Published: Oct. 31, 2008

Most studies of invasive species have been in highly modified, lowland environments, with comparatively little attention directed to less disturbed, high‐elevation environments. However, increasing evidence indicates that plant invasions do occur these which often high conservation value and provide important ecosystem services. Over a thousand non‐native become established natural areas at elevations worldwide, although many are not invasive, some may pose considerable threat native mountain ecosystems. Here, we discuss four main drivers shape into habitats: (1) the (pre‐)adaptation abiotic conditions, (2) anthropogenic disturbances, (3) biotic resistance communities, (4) propagule pressure. We propose comprehensive research agenda for tackling problem ecosystems, including documentation invasion patterns multiple scales, experimental studies, an assessment impacts systems. The posed biodiversity by is likely increase because globalization climate change. higher mountains harbor ecosystems where has scarcely begun, science management opportunity respond time.

Language: Английский

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Life‐history evolution in range‐shifting populations

Ecology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 91(6), P. 1617 - 1627

Published: June 1, 2010

Most evolutionary theory does not deal with populations expanding or contracting in space. Invasive species, climate change, epidemics, and the breakdown of dispersal barriers, however, all create this kind spatial disequilibrium. Importantly, disequilibrium can have important ecological outcomes. During continuous range expansion, for example, on front experience novel pressures because frontal are assorted by ability a lower density conspecifics than do core populations. These conditions favor evolution traits that increase rates reproduction. Additionally, lowered eventually frees edge from specialist, coevolved enemies, permitting higher investment into associated reproduction rather defense against pathogens. As result, process expansion drives rapid life‐history evolution, seems to occur despite ongoing serial founder events complex effects genetic diversity at front. Traits evolving smeared across landscape as moves through, leaving an ephemeral signature species its newly colonized range. Recent studies suggest such nonequilibrium processes during recent population history may contributed many patterns usually ascribed forces acting equilibrium.

Language: Английский

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