Nitric oxide signalling in the brain and its control of bodily functions

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 177(24), P. 5437 - 5458

Published: July 26, 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile molecule that plays key roles in the development and survival of mammalian species by endowing brain neuronal networks with ability to make continual adjustments function response moment‐to‐moment changes physiological input. Here, we summarize progress field argue NO‐synthetizing neurons NO signalling provide core hub for integrating sensory‐ homeostatic‐related cues, control bodily functions, potential target new therapeutic opportunities against several neuroendocrine behavioural abnormalities.

Language: Английский

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The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(21), P. 3597 - 3626

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Homeostasis: A Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes?

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 55 - 84

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for peripheral tissue resistance. However, glycemia is also regulated by insulin-independent mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2D. Based on evidence supporting its role both adaptive coupling changes sensitivity and the regulation glucose disposal, central nervous system (CNS) has emerged a fundamental player homeostasis. Here, we review expand upon an integrative model wherein CNS, together islet, establishes maintains defended level glycemia. We discuss implications this understanding normal homeostasis T2D pathogenesis highlight centrally targeted therapeutic approaches potential restore normoglycemia patients

Language: Английский

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Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Neurons Under the Magnifying Glass

Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 162(10)

Published: July 15, 2021

Abstract The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is a complex brain structure that integral to many neuroendocrine functions, including glucose regulation, thermogenesis, and appetitive, social, sexual behaviors. As such, it little surprise under intensive investigation decipher mechanisms which underlie these diverse roles. Developments in genetic investigative tools, for example targeting steroidogenic factor-1-expressing neurons, have allowed us take closer look at VMH, its connections, how affects competing In current review, we aim integrate recent findings into literature contemplate conclusions can be drawn.

Language: Английский

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The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: watchdog of whole-body glucose homeostasis

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 26, 2022

Abstract The brain, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), has been long known for its involvement in glucose sensing and whole-body homeostasis. However, it is still not fully understood how brain detects responds to changes circulating levels, as well brain-body coordinated control of In this review, we address growing evidence implicating homeostasis, especially contexts hypoglycemia diabetes. addition neurons, emphasize potential roles played by non-neuronal cells, extracellular matrix hypothalamus Further, review ionic mechanisms which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations ambient levels. We also introduce significant implications heterogeneous VMH upon sex difference addressed. Meanwhile, research gaps have identified, necessities further mechanistic studies future.

Language: Английский

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Brain Glucose Sensing and the Problem of Relative Hypoglycemia

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(2), P. 237 - 244

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

“Relative hypoglycemia” is an often-overlooked complication of diabetes characterized by increase in the glycemic threshold for detecting and responding to hypoglycemia. The clinical relevance this problem linked growing evidence that among patients with critical illness, higher blood glucose intensive care unit associated mortality without but lower preexisting elevated prehospitalization HbA1c. Although additional studies are needed, cardiovascular stress hypoglycemia perception, which can occur at normal or even levels diabetes, offers a plausible explanation difference outcomes. Little known, however, regarding how normally detected brain, much less relative develops diabetes. In article, we explore role detection played glucose-responsive sensory neurons supplying peripheral vascular beds and/or circumventricular organs. These observations support model wherein results from diabetes-associated impairment neuronal glucose-sensing process. By raising may contribute increased risk standard management critically ill

Language: Английский

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Revisiting How the Brain Senses Glucose—And Why

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 11 - 17

Published: Dec. 6, 2018

Language: Английский

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Ventromedial hypothalamus glucose‐inhibited neurones: A role in glucose and energy homeostasis?

Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 32(1)

Published: July 22, 2019

Abstract The ventromedial hypothalamus ( VMH ) plays a complex role in glucose and energy homeostasis. is necessary for the counter‐regulatory response to hypoglycaemia CRR that increases hepatic gluconeogenesis restore euglycaemia. On other hand, also restrains production during euglycaemia stimulates peripheral uptake. important ability of oestrogen increase expenditure. This latter function mediated by modulation lateral/perifornical hypothalamic area orexin neurones. Activation AMP ‐activated protein kinase AMPK . By contrast, inhibition favours decreased basal levels required Specialised glucose‐sensing neurones confer sense respond changes blood levels. Glucose‐excited GE glucose‐inhibited GI decrease their activity as rise. neurones, particular, appear be , although cannot discounted. mediates sensing suggesting that, activation these it silence them lower enable In support this, we found reduces low inhibiting this review, present evidence underlying We then discuss mediating effects, with strong emphasis on oestrogenic regulation how may affect

Language: Английский

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CNS control of the endocrine pancreas

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(10), P. 2086 - 2094

Published: Sept. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cold-induced hyperphagia requires AgRP neuron activation in mice

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

To maintain energy homeostasis during cold exposure, the increased demands of thermogenesis must be counterbalanced by intake. investigate neurobiological mechanisms underlying this cold-induced hyperphagia, we asked whether agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are activated when animals placed in a environment and, if so, response is required for associated hyperphagia. We report that AgRP neuron activation occurs rapidly upon acute as do increases both expenditure and intake, suggesting mere perception sufficient to engage each these responses. further silencing selectively blocks effect exposure increase food intake but has no on expenditure. Together, findings establish physiologically important role hyperphagic exposure.

Language: Английский

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