The future of sleep health: a data-driven revolution in sleep science and medicine

npj Digital Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 23, 2020

In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in the development and use of multi-modal sensors technologies to monitor physical activity, sleep circadian rhythms. These developments make accurate monitoring at scale possibility for first time. Vast amounts multi-sensor data are being generated with potential applications ranging from large-scale epidemiological research linking patterns disease, wellness applications, including coaching individuals chronic conditions. However, order realise full these individuals, medicine research, several challenges must be overcome. There important outstanding questions regarding performance evaluation, as well storage, curation, processing, integration, modelling interpretation. Here, we leverage expertise across neuroscience, clinical medicine, bioengineering, electrical engineering, epidemiology, computer science, mHealth human-computer interaction discuss digitisation inter-disciplinary perspective. We introduce state-of-the-art sleep-monitoring technologies, opportunities acquisition eventual application insights consumer settings. Further, explore strengths limitations current emerging sensing methods particular focus on novel data-driven such Artificial Intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US cohorts of female nurses

BMJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. k4641 - k4641

Published: Nov. 21, 2018

Abstract Objectives To prospectively evaluate the joint association of duration rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with risk type 2 diabetes risk, to quantitatively decompose this only, their interaction. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (1988-2012) II (1991-2013). Participants 143 410 women without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Exposures Rotating was defined as least three shifts per month in addition day evening that month. Unhealthy lifestyles included current smoking, physical activity levels below 30 minutes moderate vigorous intensity, diet bottom fifths Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, body mass index 25 above. Main outcome measures Incident cases were identified through self report validated by a supplementary questionnaire. Results During 22-24 years follow-up, 10 915 incident occurred. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.19 1.44) five year increment 2.30 (1.88 2.83) unhealthy factor (ever low quality, activity, overweight obesity). For ratio 2.83 (2.15 3.73) significant additive interaction (P <0.001). proportions 17.1% (14.0% 20.8%) alone, 71.2% (66.9% 75.8%) 11.3% (7.3% 17.3%) Conclusions Among female nurses, both associated higher diabetes. excess combined than each individual factor. These findings suggest most could be prevented adhering healthy lifestyle, benefits greater workers.

Language: Английский

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Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(10 (Suppl. 2)), P. S218 - S231

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

The objective of this overview systematic reviews was to examine the associations between sleep duration and health outcomes in adults. Four electronic databases were searched December 2018 for published previous 10 years. Included met a priori determined population (community-dwelling adults aged 18 years older), intervention/exposure/comparator (various levels duration), outcome criteria (14 examined). To avoid overlap primary studies, we used priority list choose single review per outcome; that examined effect age those looked at dose–response prioritized. A total 36 eligible 11 included. Reviews included comprised 4 437 101 unique participants from 30 countries. Sleep assessed subjectively 96% studies 78% prospective cohort studies. curves showed most favourably associated with 7–8 h day. Modification by not apparent. quality evidence ranged low high across outcomes. In conclusion, available suggests day is one among older (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119529.) Novelty This first examines influence on wide range Seven 8 health. Effect modification evident.

Language: Английский

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Statistical machine learning of sleep and physical activity phenotypes from sensor data in 96,220 UK Biobank participants

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 15, 2018

Current public health guidelines on physical activity and sleep duration are limited by a reliance subjective self-reported evidence. Using data from simple wrist-worn monitors, we developed tailored machine learning model, using balanced random forests with Hidden Markov Models, to reliably detect number of modes. We show that behaviours can be classified 87% accuracy in 159,504 minutes recorded free-living 132 adults. These trained models used infer fine resolution patterns at the population scale 96,220 participants. For example, find men spend more time both low- high- intensity behaviours, while women mixed behaviours. Walking is highest spring lowest during summer. This work opens possibility future informed consequences associated specific, objectively measured,

Language: Английский

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An atlas on risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a wide-angled Mendelian randomisation study

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(11), P. 2359 - 2371

Published: Sept. 7, 2020

The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomisation (MR) identify the causal risk factors for type 2 diabetes.We first conducted a review meta-analyses and articles pinpoint possible diabetes. Around 170 were identified which 97 with available genetic instrumental variables included in MR analyses. To reveal more that not our analyses, we published studies For used summary-level data from DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium (74,124 diabetes cases 824,006 controls European ancestry). Potential associations replicated using FinnGen (11,006 82,655 inverse-variance weighted method as main analysis. Multivariable analysis assess whether observed mediated by BMI. We Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate multiple testing.We found evidence between 34 exposures (19 15 protective factors) Insomnia novel factor (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11, 1.23]). other 18 depression, systolic BP, smoking initiation, lifetime smoking, coffee (caffeine) consumption, plasma isoleucine, valine leucine, liver alanine aminotransferase, childhood adulthood BMI, body fat percentage, visceral mass, resting heart rate, four fatty acids. associated decreased alanine, HDL- total cholesterol, age at menarche, testosterone levels, sex hormone binding globulin levels (adjusted BMI), birthweight, height, lean mass (for women), acids, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D education years. Eight remained after adjustment additionally 21 suggestive (p < 0.05), such alcohol breakfast skipping, daytime napping, short sleep, urinary sodium, certain amino acids inflammatory factors.The present verified several previously reported potential Prevention strategies should be considered perspectives on obesity, mental health, sleep quality, level, birthweight smoking.

Language: Английский

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