Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

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Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(10)

Published: Feb. 5, 2018

Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge prior invasion history. Emerging species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and drivers spread pivotal improving prevention risk assessment tools. Here, we use database 45,984 first records 16,019 established investigate dynamics occurrences emerging Even after many centuries invasions rate emergence new still high: One-quarter during 2000-2005 were that had not been previously recorded anywhere alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show high proportion cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known such amount imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these reflect incorporation regions into pool potential species, likely consequence expanding trade networks environmental change. This process compensates for depletion through successive invasions. We estimate 1-16% all on Earth, depending taxonomic group, qualify species. These suggest there remains have yet encounter, impacts are difficult predict.

Language: Английский

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Projecting the continental accumulation of alien species through to 2050

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 970 - 982

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Abstract Biological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, do not know whether will continue to accumulate regional floras and faunas, or the pace of accumulation decrease due depletion native source pools. Here, apply new model simulate numbers based on estimated sizes pools dynamics historical invasions, assuming continuation processes as observed past (a business‐as‐usual scenario). We first validated performance different versions by conducting back‐casting approach, therefore fitting until 1950 validating predictions from 2005. second step, selected best performing that provided most robust project trajectories 2050. Altogether, this resulted 3,790 stochastic simulation runs for 38 taxon–continent combinations. provide quantitative projections seven major taxonomic groups eight continents, accounting variation sampling intensity uncertainty projections. Overall, established per continent were predicted increase 2005 2050 36%. Particularly, strong increases projected Europe absolute (+2,543 ± 237 species) relative terms, followed Temperate Asia (+1,597 197), Northern America (1,484 74) Southern (1,391 258). Among individual groups, especially invertebrates globally. Declining (but positive) rates only Australasia. Our baseline assessment developments biological which help inform policies contain spread species.

Language: Английский

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The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 93(3), P. 1421 - 1437

Published: March 5, 2018

The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview the historical, contemporary and potential future roles ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. show that currently at least 75% 93% global naturalised flora grown domestic botanical gardens, respectively. Species gardens also have a larger range than those are not. After Middle Ages, particularly 18th 19th centuries, trade network emerged. Since then, cultivated species started to appear wild more frequently non-cultivated aliens globally, during century. Horticulture still plays prominent role current introduction, monetary value live-plant imports different parts world steadily increasing. Historically, - important component played major displaying, cultivating distributing new discoveries. While horticultural supply chain has declined, they significant link, with one-third institutions involved retail-plant sales research. However, become dependent on commercial nurseries as sources, North America. Plants selected for purposes not random selection flora, some characteristics promoted through horticulture, such fast growth, promote invasion. Efforts breed non-invasive cultivars rare. Socio-economical, technological, environmental changes will lead novel patterns introductions invasion opportunities already cultivated. describe could play mediating these changes. identify research challenges, call efforts past This required develop science-based regulatory frameworks prevent further

Language: Английский

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Economic use of plants is key to their naturalization success

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: June 24, 2020

Abstract Humans cultivate thousands of economic plants (i.e. with value) outside their native ranges. To analyze how this contributes to naturalization success, we combine global databases on uses and success the world’s seed plants. Here show that likelihood is 18 times higher for than non-economic Naturalization highest grown as animal food or environmental (e.g. ornamentals), increases number uses. Taxa from Northern Hemisphere are disproportionately over-represented among plants, Asia have greatest success. In regional naturalized floras, percentage exceeds towards equator. Phylogenetic patterns in flora partly result phylogenetic cultivate. Our study illustrates accounting intentional introduction key unravelling drivers plant naturalization.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology and Evolution of Alien Plants

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 25 - 47

Published: June 6, 2018

We review the state of art alien plant research with emphasis on conceptual advances and knowledge gains general patterns drivers, biotic interactions, evolution. Major include identification different invasion stages invasiveness dimensions (geographic range, habitat specificity, local abundance) appropriate comparators while accounting for propagule pressure year introduction. Developments in phylogenetic functional trait bear great promise better understanding underlying mechanisms. Global are emerging pressure, disturbance, increased resource availability, climate matching as major but species characteristics also play a role. Biotic interactions resident communities shape outcomes, roles diversity, enemies, novel weapons, mutualists. Mounting evidence has been found rapid evolution invasive aliens evolutionary responses natives, mechanistic requires tighter integration molecular phenotypic approaches. hope open questions identified this will stimulate further ecology plants.

Language: Английский

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Similarity of introduced plant species to native ones facilitates naturalization, but differences enhance invasion success

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 31, 2018

Abstract The search for traits associated with plant invasiveness has yielded contradictory results, in part because most previous studies have failed to recognize that different are important at stages along the introduction–naturalization–invasion continuum. Here we show across six habitat types temperate Central Europe, naturalized non-invasive species functionally similar native occurring same type, but invasive as they occupy edge of functional trait space represented each habitat. This pattern was driven mainly by greater average height species. These results suggest primary determinant successful establishment alien resident communities is environmental filtering, which expressed distributions. However, become invasive, established need be enough novel niche space, i.e. space.

Language: Английский

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Introducing the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2018

Abstract Harmonised, representative data on the state of biological invasions remain inadequate at country and global scales, particularly for taxa that affect biodiversity ecosystems. Information is not readily available in a form suitable policy reporting. The Global Register Introduced Invasive Species (GRIIS) provides first country-wise checklists introduced (naturalised) invasive species. GRIIS was conceived to provide sustainable platform information delivery support national governments. We outline rationale methods underpinning GRIIS, facilitate transparent, repeatable analysis Twenty are presented as exemplars; Checklists close all countries globally will be submitted through same process shortly. Over 11000 species records currently 20 exemplars alone, with environmental impact evidence just over 20% these. significant identify prioritise alien species, establishes baselines. In future this enable system monitoring trends environment.

Language: Английский

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GIFT – A Global Inventory of Floras and Traits for macroecology and biogeography

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 16 - 43

Published: June 9, 2019

Abstract Aim To understand how functional traits and evolutionary history shape the geographic distribution of plant life on Earth, we need to integrate high‐quality global‐scale data with phylogenetic information. Large‐scale for plants are, however, often restricted either certain taxonomic groups or regions. Range maps only exist a small subset all species digitally available point‐occurrence information is biased both geographically taxonomically. Floras checklists represent an alternative, yet rarely used potential source They contain highly curated about composition clearly defined area, together virtually cover entire global land surface. Here, report our recent efforts mobilize this macroecological biogeographical analyses in GIFT database, Global Inventory Traits. Location Global. Taxon Land (Embryophyta). Methods integrates distributions from regional traits, information, region‐level geographic, environmental socio‐economic data. It contains floristic status (native, endemic, alien naturalized) takes advantage wealth trait Floras, complemented by databases. Results 1.0 holds lists 2,893 regions across whole globe including ~315,000 taxonomically standardized names (i.e. c. 80% known species) ~3 million species‐by‐region occurrences. Based hierarchical taxonomical derivation scheme, 83 more than 2.3 trait‐by‐species combinations achieves unprecedented coverage categorical such as woodiness (~233,000 spp.) growth form (~213,000 spp.). Main conclusions present structure, content automated workflows corresponding web‐interface ( http://gift.uni-goettingen.de ) proof concept feasibility mobilizing aggregated biodiversity research.

Language: Английский

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Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 119 - 141

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding response invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas advance invasion science the face rapid global environmental change. First, should strive develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how behavior, abundance, interspecific interactions vary relation conditions receiving environments these factors govern ecological impacts invasion. A second is understand potential synergistic effects multiple co-occurring stressors— particularly involving climate change—on establishment impact species. Climate adaptation mitigation strategies will need consider possible consequences promoting species, appropriate management responses be developed. The third address taxonomic impediment. ability detect evaluate risks compromised by growing deficit expertise, which cannot adequately compensated new molecular technologies alone. Management become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, governments train employ personnel taxonomy systematics. Fourth, recommend that internationally cooperative bridgehead dispersal networks, organisms tend invade regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries eradicate or control established yield greater benefit than independent attempts individual exclude arriving establishing.

Language: Английский

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