Despite
a
century
of
study
by
ecologists,
recovery
following
disturbances
(succession)
is
not
fully
understood.
This
book
provides
the
first
global
synthesis
that
compares
plant
succession
in
all
major
terrestrial
biomes
and
after
disturbances.
It
asks
critical
questions
such
as:
Does
follow
general
patterns
across
disturbance
types?
Do
factors
control
differ
from
biome
to
biome?
If
common
drivers
exist,
what
are
they?
Are
they
abiotic
or
biotic,
both?
The
authors
provide
insights
on
broad,
generalizable
go
beyond
site-specific
studies,
present
discussions
as
varying
temporal
dynamics,
latitudinal
differences,
human-caused
vs.
natural
disturbances,
role
invasive
alien
species.
must-read
for
researchers
students
ecology,
restoration
ecology
conservation
biology.
also
valuable
framework
aid
land
managers
attempting
manipulate
successional
increasingly
intense
widespread
human-made
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
95(6), P. 1511 - 1534
Published: June 25, 2020
ABSTRACT
Biological
invasions
are
a
global
consequence
of
an
increasingly
connected
world
and
the
rise
in
human
population
size.
The
numbers
invasive
alien
species
–
subset
that
spread
widely
areas
where
they
not
native,
affecting
environment
or
livelihoods
increasing.
Synergies
with
other
changes
exacerbating
current
facilitating
new
ones,
thereby
escalating
extent
impacts
invaders.
Invasions
have
complex
often
immense
long‐term
direct
indirect
impacts.
In
many
cases,
such
become
apparent
problematic
only
when
invaders
well
established
large
ranges.
Invasive
break
down
biogeographic
realms,
affect
native
richness
abundance,
increase
risk
extinction,
genetic
composition
populations,
change
animal
behaviour,
alter
phylogenetic
diversity
across
communities,
modify
trophic
networks.
Many
also
ecosystem
functioning
delivery
services
by
altering
nutrient
contaminant
cycling,
hydrology,
habitat
structure,
disturbance
regimes.
These
biodiversity
accelerating
will
further
future.
Scientific
evidence
has
identified
policy
strategies
to
reduce
future
invasions,
but
these
insufficiently
implemented.
For
some
nations,
notably
Australia
New
Zealand,
biosecurity
national
priority.
There
been
successes,
as
eradication
rats
cats
on
islands
biological
control
weeds
continental
areas.
However,
countries,
receive
little
attention.
Improved
international
cooperation
is
crucial
biodiversity,
services,
livelihoods.
Countries
can
strengthen
their
regulations
implement
enforce
more
effective
management
should
address
interact
invasions.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
115(10)
Published: Feb. 5, 2018
Our
ability
to
predict
the
identity
of
future
invasive
alien
species
is
largely
based
upon
knowledge
prior
invasion
history.
Emerging
species-those
never
encountered
as
aliens
before-therefore
pose
a
significant
challenge
biosecurity
interventions
worldwide.
Understanding
their
temporal
trends,
origins,
and
drivers
spread
pivotal
improving
prevention
risk
assessment
tools.
Here,
we
use
database
45,984
first
records
16,019
established
investigate
dynamics
occurrences
emerging
Even
after
many
centuries
invasions
rate
emergence
new
still
high:
One-quarter
during
2000-2005
were
that
had
not
been
previously
recorded
anywhere
alien,
though
with
large
variation
across
taxa.
Model
results
show
high
proportion
cannot
be
solely
explained
by
increases
in
well-known
such
amount
imported
commodities
from
historically
important
source
regions.
Instead,
these
reflect
incorporation
regions
into
pool
potential
species,
likely
consequence
expanding
trade
networks
environmental
change.
This
process
compensates
for
depletion
through
successive
invasions.
We
estimate
1-16%
all
on
Earth,
depending
taxonomic
group,
qualify
species.
These
suggest
there
remains
have
yet
encounter,
impacts
are
difficult
predict.
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
27(5), P. 970 - 982
Published: Oct. 1, 2020
Abstract
Biological
invasions
have
steadily
increased
over
recent
centuries.
However,
we
still
lack
a
clear
expectation
about
future
trends
in
alien
species
numbers.
In
particular,
do
not
know
whether
will
continue
to
accumulate
regional
floras
and
faunas,
or
the
pace
of
accumulation
decrease
due
depletion
native
source
pools.
Here,
apply
new
model
simulate
numbers
based
on
estimated
sizes
pools
dynamics
historical
invasions,
assuming
continuation
processes
as
observed
past
(a
business‐as‐usual
scenario).
We
first
validated
performance
different
versions
by
conducting
back‐casting
approach,
therefore
fitting
until
1950
validating
predictions
from
2005.
second
step,
selected
best
performing
that
provided
most
robust
project
trajectories
2050.
Altogether,
this
resulted
3,790
stochastic
simulation
runs
for
38
taxon–continent
combinations.
provide
quantitative
projections
seven
major
taxonomic
groups
eight
continents,
accounting
variation
sampling
intensity
uncertainty
projections.
Overall,
established
per
continent
were
predicted
increase
2005
2050
36%.
Particularly,
strong
increases
projected
Europe
absolute
(+2,543
±
237
species)
relative
terms,
followed
Temperate
Asia
(+1,597
197),
Northern
America
(1,484
74)
Southern
(1,391
258).
Among
individual
groups,
especially
invertebrates
globally.
Declining
(but
positive)
rates
only
Australasia.
Our
baseline
assessment
developments
biological
which
help
inform
policies
contain
spread
species.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
93(3), P. 1421 - 1437
Published: March 5, 2018
The
number
of
alien
plants
escaping
from
cultivation
into
native
ecosystems
is
increasing
steadily.
We
provide
an
overview
the
historical,
contemporary
and
potential
future
roles
ornamental
horticulture
in
plant
invasions.
show
that
currently
at
least
75%
93%
global
naturalised
flora
grown
domestic
botanical
gardens,
respectively.
Species
gardens
also
have
a
larger
range
than
those
are
not.
After
Middle
Ages,
particularly
18th
19th
centuries,
trade
network
emerged.
Since
then,
cultivated
species
started
to
appear
wild
more
frequently
non-cultivated
aliens
globally,
during
century.
Horticulture
still
plays
prominent
role
current
introduction,
monetary
value
live-plant
imports
different
parts
world
steadily
increasing.
Historically,
-
important
component
played
major
displaying,
cultivating
distributing
new
discoveries.
While
horticultural
supply
chain
has
declined,
they
significant
link,
with
one-third
institutions
involved
retail-plant
sales
research.
However,
become
dependent
on
commercial
nurseries
as
sources,
North
America.
Plants
selected
for
purposes
not
random
selection
flora,
some
characteristics
promoted
through
horticulture,
such
fast
growth,
promote
invasion.
Efforts
breed
non-invasive
cultivars
rare.
Socio-economical,
technological,
environmental
changes
will
lead
novel
patterns
introductions
invasion
opportunities
already
cultivated.
describe
could
play
mediating
these
changes.
identify
research
challenges,
call
efforts
past
This
required
develop
science-based
regulatory
frameworks
prevent
further
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: June 24, 2020
Abstract
Humans
cultivate
thousands
of
economic
plants
(i.e.
with
value)
outside
their
native
ranges.
To
analyze
how
this
contributes
to
naturalization
success,
we
combine
global
databases
on
uses
and
success
the
world’s
seed
plants.
Here
show
that
likelihood
is
18
times
higher
for
than
non-economic
Naturalization
highest
grown
as
animal
food
or
environmental
(e.g.
ornamentals),
increases
number
uses.
Taxa
from
Northern
Hemisphere
are
disproportionately
over-represented
among
plants,
Asia
have
greatest
success.
In
regional
naturalized
floras,
percentage
exceeds
towards
equator.
Phylogenetic
patterns
in
flora
partly
result
phylogenetic
cultivate.
Our
study
illustrates
accounting
intentional
introduction
key
unravelling
drivers
plant
naturalization.
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
49(1), P. 25 - 47
Published: June 6, 2018
We
review
the
state
of
art
alien
plant
research
with
emphasis
on
conceptual
advances
and
knowledge
gains
general
patterns
drivers,
biotic
interactions,
evolution.
Major
include
identification
different
invasion
stages
invasiveness
dimensions
(geographic
range,
habitat
specificity,
local
abundance)
appropriate
comparators
while
accounting
for
propagule
pressure
year
introduction.
Developments
in
phylogenetic
functional
trait
bear
great
promise
better
understanding
underlying
mechanisms.
Global
are
emerging
pressure,
disturbance,
increased
resource
availability,
climate
matching
as
major
but
species
characteristics
also
play
a
role.
Biotic
interactions
resident
communities
shape
outcomes,
roles
diversity,
enemies,
novel
weapons,
mutualists.
Mounting
evidence
has
been
found
rapid
evolution
invasive
aliens
evolutionary
responses
natives,
mechanistic
requires
tighter
integration
molecular
phenotypic
approaches.
hope
open
questions
identified
this
will
stimulate
further
ecology
plants.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Oct. 31, 2018
Abstract
The
search
for
traits
associated
with
plant
invasiveness
has
yielded
contradictory
results,
in
part
because
most
previous
studies
have
failed
to
recognize
that
different
are
important
at
stages
along
the
introduction–naturalization–invasion
continuum.
Here
we
show
across
six
habitat
types
temperate
Central
Europe,
naturalized
non-invasive
species
functionally
similar
native
occurring
same
type,
but
invasive
as
they
occupy
edge
of
functional
trait
space
represented
each
habitat.
This
pattern
was
driven
mainly
by
greater
average
height
species.
These
results
suggest
primary
determinant
successful
establishment
alien
resident
communities
is
environmental
filtering,
which
expressed
distributions.
However,
become
invasive,
established
need
be
enough
novel
niche
space,
i.e.
space.
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Jan. 23, 2018
Abstract
Harmonised,
representative
data
on
the
state
of
biological
invasions
remain
inadequate
at
country
and
global
scales,
particularly
for
taxa
that
affect
biodiversity
ecosystems.
Information
is
not
readily
available
in
a
form
suitable
policy
reporting.
The
Global
Register
Introduced
Invasive
Species
(GRIIS)
provides
first
country-wise
checklists
introduced
(naturalised)
invasive
species.
GRIIS
was
conceived
to
provide
sustainable
platform
information
delivery
support
national
governments.
We
outline
rationale
methods
underpinning
GRIIS,
facilitate
transparent,
repeatable
analysis
Twenty
are
presented
as
exemplars;
Checklists
close
all
countries
globally
will
be
submitted
through
same
process
shortly.
Over
11000
species
records
currently
20
exemplars
alone,
with
environmental
impact
evidence
just
over
20%
these.
significant
identify
prioritise
alien
species,
establishes
baselines.
In
future
this
enable
system
monitoring
trends
environment.
Journal of Biogeography,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
47(1), P. 16 - 43
Published: June 9, 2019
Abstract
Aim
To
understand
how
functional
traits
and
evolutionary
history
shape
the
geographic
distribution
of
plant
life
on
Earth,
we
need
to
integrate
high‐quality
global‐scale
data
with
phylogenetic
information.
Large‐scale
for
plants
are,
however,
often
restricted
either
certain
taxonomic
groups
or
regions.
Range
maps
only
exist
a
small
subset
all
species
digitally
available
point‐occurrence
information
is
biased
both
geographically
taxonomically.
Floras
checklists
represent
an
alternative,
yet
rarely
used
potential
source
They
contain
highly
curated
about
composition
clearly
defined
area,
together
virtually
cover
entire
global
land
surface.
Here,
report
our
recent
efforts
mobilize
this
macroecological
biogeographical
analyses
in
GIFT
database,
Global
Inventory
Traits.
Location
Global.
Taxon
Land
(Embryophyta).
Methods
integrates
distributions
from
regional
traits,
information,
region‐level
geographic,
environmental
socio‐economic
data.
It
contains
floristic
status
(native,
endemic,
alien
naturalized)
takes
advantage
wealth
trait
Floras,
complemented
by
databases.
Results
1.0
holds
lists
2,893
regions
across
whole
globe
including
~315,000
taxonomically
standardized
names
(i.e.
c.
80%
known
species)
~3
million
species‐by‐region
occurrences.
Based
hierarchical
taxonomical
derivation
scheme,
83
more
than
2.3
trait‐by‐species
combinations
achieves
unprecedented
coverage
categorical
such
as
woodiness
(~233,000
spp.)
growth
form
(~213,000
spp.).
Main
conclusions
present
structure,
content
automated
workflows
corresponding
web‐interface
(
http://gift.uni-goettingen.de
)
proof
concept
feasibility
mobilizing
aggregated
biodiversity
research.
Environmental Reviews,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
29(2), P. 119 - 141
Published: Dec. 7, 2020
Unprecedented
rates
of
introduction
and
spread
non-native
species
pose
burgeoning
challenges
to
biodiversity,
natural
resource
management,
regional
economies,
human
health.
Current
biosecurity
efforts
are
failing
keep
pace
with
globalization,
revealing
critical
gaps
in
our
understanding
response
invasions.
Here,
we
identify
four
priority
areas
advance
invasion
science
the
face
rapid
global
environmental
change.
First,
should
strive
develop
a
more
comprehensive
framework
for
predicting
how
behavior,
abundance,
interspecific
interactions
vary
relation
conditions
receiving
environments
these
factors
govern
ecological
impacts
invasion.
A
second
is
understand
potential
synergistic
effects
multiple
co-occurring
stressors—
particularly
involving
climate
change—on
establishment
impact
species.
Climate
adaptation
mitigation
strategies
will
need
consider
possible
consequences
promoting
species,
appropriate
management
responses
be
developed.
The
third
address
taxonomic
impediment.
ability
detect
evaluate
risks
compromised
by
growing
deficit
expertise,
which
cannot
adequately
compensated
new
molecular
technologies
alone.
Management
become
increasingly
challenging
unless
academia,
industry,
governments
train
employ
personnel
taxonomy
systematics.
Fourth,
recommend
that
internationally
cooperative
bridgehead
dispersal
networks,
organisms
tend
invade
regions
from
locations
where
they
have
already
established.
Cooperation
among
countries
eradicate
or
control
established
yield
greater
benefit
than
independent
attempts
individual
exclude
arriving
establishing.