A One Health Zoonotic Vector Borne Infectious Disease Family Outbreak Investigation

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 110 - 110

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

This study reinforces the value of a One Health approach to infectious disease outbreak investigations. After onset neuropsychiatric symptoms in their son, our investigation focused on family composed mother, father, two daughters, dogs, and rabbit, all with exposures vectors (fleas ticks), rescued other animals. Between 2020 2022, members experienced illnesses that included neurological symptoms. Prolonged menorrhagia (130d) youngest daughter ultimately resolved following antibiotic administration. dog was diagnosed splenic hematoma months later spinal histiocytic sarcoma. The both one were seroreactive multiple Bartonella spp. antigens, whereas mother son not seroreactive. quintana DNA amplified from specimens obtained members. Based upon sequencing, infection B. confirmed for pet dogs. henselae sequenced daughter, (co-infected quintana), Ctenocephalides felis collected rabbit. All five infected Babesia divergens-like MO-1. Both parents co-infected microti. Droplet digital PCR supported potential Borrelia species three provided additional case-based evidence supporting role stealth Babesia, Bartonella, pathogens as cause or cofactor We conclude approach, particularly vector borne such spp., will enhance clinical epidemiological understanding these organisms animal human health. During investigations it is critical document travel exposure histories, symptoms, pathology pets patients, contact rescued, wild, feral animals perform diagnostic testing includes members, pets, vectors.

Language: Английский

---

Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Pets of Harris County, Texas, Revealed More Common Pet Infections in Households With Human COVID‐19 Cases

Veterinary Medicine and Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Local health departments can play a critical role in zoonoses surveillance at the human–domestic animal interface, especially when existing public services and close relationships with community groups be leveraged. Investigators Harris County Veterinary Public Health employed community‐based tool for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections dogs cats June‐–December 2021. Diagnosis was made using both RT‐qPCR testing of oral nasal swabs plaque reduction neutralization serum samples. Recruitment this free companion program occurred through following two streams: case‐based event‐based. The stream recruited animals confirmed human COVID‐19 cases case investigations platform used information from epidemiological owners to conduct further their pet(s). event‐based participating or low‐cost spay/neuter events Pets Resource Center (HCPRC). A total 97 were tested, streams accounting 36 61, respectively. 13 (13.4%) tested seropositive including one that also had positive swabs. Of positives, 11 (84.6%) associated SARS‐CoV‐2 living same household four out seven neutralizing antibodies. These methods local level emphasize importance One approach provide model future systems.

Language: Английский

---

Die feline infektiöse Peritonitis – ein aktueller Überblick

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(02), P. 96 - 102

Published: April 1, 2025

Zusammenfassung Coronaviren (CoVs) sind positiv einzelsträngige RNA-Viren, die verschiedene Tierarten sowie Menschen infizieren können. Besonders relevant für Katzen ist das feline Coronavirus (FCoV), in Katzenpopulationen weltweit verbreitet ist. Eine Infektion mit FCoV verläuft der Regel ohne Symptome. In Mehrkatzenhaushalten entwickeln jedoch etwa 5–12% FCoV-infizierten aufgrund von Mutationen im Spike-Gen infektiöse Peritonitis (FIP). FIP eine immunvermittelte Erkrankung, bislang immer tödlich verlief. Die führen zu einem Tropismus-Wechsel Enterozyten Monozyten und Makrophagen. Der damit verbundene Wechsel Virulenz führt charakteristischen granulomatösen Vaskulitis Perivaskulitis, bei beobachtet wird. letzter Zeit gibt es zahlreiche neue Erkenntnisse zur FIP. So zeigen Studien, dass humanmedizinische antivirale Medikamente, wie Nukleosidanalogon GS-441524, wirksam betroffenen Überlebenschance bis 100% bieten. Zudem wurde neuartige FCoV-Variante, FCoV-23, aus Zypern identifiziert. Dieses Virus entstand nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand durch Rekombination zwischen dem hochvirulenten pantropischen caninen Coronavirus; kann direkt Katze übertragen werden auslösen. Darüber hinaus mehr Hinweise darauf, häufig einer Myokarditis assoziiert Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand FIP, unter Berücksichtigung Pathologie, klinischer Symptome, wirksamer Therapiemöglichkeiten Präventionsmaßnahmen.

---

High SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Feline Residents of a Cat Café in Texas, United States, 2021–2022

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 389 - 389

Published: April 21, 2025

Congregate animal settings can serve as foci for the increased transmission of pathogens, including zoonoses. Domestic cats have been shown to be reservoirs SARS-CoV-2 but public health importance infected has not yet determined. A population indoor-only residential at a cat café in central Texas with high level human interaction was evaluated infection longitudinal study 2021–2022. Among 25 cats, none were qRT-PCR-positive, while 50% harbored SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, 1 that remained seropositive >8 months. The exposure this unique congregate setting—in which dozens new visitors interact every day—likely facilitated human-to-cat led prevalence cats. This work conducted when Delta and Omicron variants predominated. Given feline susceptibility shedding virus may vary across different viral variants, veterinary surveillance an important component risk assessments.

Language: Английский

---

Mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 in nondomestic felids

Veterinary Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 609 - 620

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Between September and November 2021, 5 snow leopards ( Panthera uncia) 1 lion leo) were naturally infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed progressive disease that resulted in death. Severe syndrome sequencing identified the delta variant all cases sequenced, which was predominant human at time. The time between initial clinical signs death ranged from 3 to 45 days. Gross lesions 6 cats included nasal turbinate hyperemia purulent discharge marked pulmonary edema. Ulcerative tracheitis bronchitis noted 4 cases. Histologically, there necrotizing ulcerative rhinotracheitis fibrinocellular exudates fibrinosuppurative pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia. survived longer than 8 days had fungal abscesses. Concurrent bacteria cases, including those more courses. detected by situ hybridization using probes against SARS-CoV-2 spike nucleocapsid genes immunohistochemistry. Viral nucleic acid protein variably localized mucosal glandular epithelial cells, pneumocytes, macrophages, debris. Based on established criteria, considered a contributing cause of cats. While mild infections are common, these findings suggest some variants may be severely affected other felids.

Language: Английский

---

A SARS-CoV-2: Companion Animal Transmission and Variants Classification

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 775 - 775

Published: May 29, 2023

The continuous emergence of novel viruses and their diseases are a threat to global public health as there have been three outbreaks coronaviruses that highly pathogenic humans in the span last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV 2002, Middle East (MERS)-CoV 2012, SARS-CoV-2 which emerged 2019. unprecedented spread worldwide has given rise multiple variants either altered transmissibility, infectivity, or immune escaping ability, causing broad range animals including human non-human hosts such companion, farm, zoo, wild animals. In this review, we discussed recent outbreak, potential animal reservoirs, natural infections companion farm animals, with particular focus on variants. expeditious development COVID-19 vaccines advancements antiviral therapeutics contained pandemic some extent; however, extensive research surveillance concerning viral epidemiology, transmission, variants, seroprevalence diverse essential for future eradication COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---

A Comprehensive Study of Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Dogs Naturally Exposed to SARS-CoV-2

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was identified as the causal agent behind disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a declared pandemic in 2020. Because of zoonotic origin SARS‐CoV‐2 and close contact kept by domestic dogs with their owners, it became imperative to understand role epidemiology virus transmission. In present study, we determined presence described long‐term immune effects 24 exposed environment. Our findings highlight that only subset dogs, naturally SARS‐CoV‐2, exhibit humoral response new (close 17% had IgM antibodies 33% has IgG antibodies). We for first time SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IFN‐ γ ‐secreting cells (approximately half our dogs). While 56% maintained 8 months, 22% cellular after 4 months. Although some alterations blood parameters proinflammatory cytokines were described, there no evidence indicating an exacerbated cytokine release process. Considering none animals enrolled this study showed viral shedding presented specific responses, is reasonable propose canine system certain companion effective at blocking negative replication, thereby suggesting would not be potential transmitters pathogen other or species could aid promoting collective immunity.

Language: Английский

---

Assessment of the Risk Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence between Cats and Dogs in America and Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 314 - 314

Published: April 12, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic represented a huge obstacle for public health and demonstrated weaknesses in surveillance promotion systems around the world. Its etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2, of zoonotic origin, has been target several studies related to control prevention outbreaks epidemics not only humans but also animals. Domestic animals, such as dogs cats, have extensive contact with can acquire infection both naturally directly from humans. objective this article was summarize seroprevalence findings SARS-CoV-2 cats correlate them strength risk between each them. This is systematic review meta-analysis following recommendations PRISMA 2020. search selection papers carried out using vivo experimental works animals descriptors (MeSH/DeCS) “Animal”, “Public Health”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Pandemic” (together AND) English, Portuguese or Spanish Science Direct, PUBMED, LILACS SciELO databases. ARRIVE checklist used methodological evaluation Comprehensive Meta-Analysis v2.2 software Difference Risk (RD) test evaluate statistical inferences (with subgroups by continent). Cats showed greater susceptibility compared joint analysis (RD = 0.017; 95% CI 0.008–0.025; p < 0.0001) American subgroup 0.053; 0.032–0.073; 0.0001), unlike lack significant difference on European continent 0.009; −0.001–0.018; 0.066). Therefore, it observed that interest due set biological ecological aspects these there are factors influence spread possible spillover events virus thanks anthropozoonotic context.

Language: Английский

---

Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Companion Animals in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 466 - 466

Published: June 1, 2024

We aimed to characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection in companion animals living households with COVID-19-positive people and understand the dynamics surrounding how these become infected. Public health investigators contacted at least one confirmed, symptomatic person COVID-19 for study recruitment. Blood, nasal, rectal swab specimens were collected from pet dogs cats a questionnaire was completed. Specimens tested by RT-PCR, neutralizing antibodies; genomic sequencing performed on viral-positive samples. A total of 36.4% 110 pets enrolled had evidence SARS-CoV-2. Pets more likely test positive if immunocompromised, than home COVID-19. Among 12 multi-pet where positive, 10 other positive. Whole-genome revealed genomes viral lineages circulating community during time sample collection. Our findings suggest high likelihood transmission multiple when very close interactions humans. Further surveillance studies are needed new variants impact opportunities spillover susceptible species.

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant in dogs visiting veterinary clinics during the third pandemic peak in Eastern Colombia

Veterinary Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(4), P. 2657 - 2662

Published: April 10, 2024

Language: Английский

---