Biochar in climate change mitigation

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 883 - 892

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 219 - 241

Published: Aug. 30, 2019

Abstract There is growing international interest in better managing soils to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content contribute climate change mitigation, enhance resilience and underpin food security, through initiatives such as ‘4p1000’ initiative the FAO's Global assessment of SOC sequestration potential (GSOCseq) programme. Since cannot be easily measured, a key barrier implementing programmes at large scale, need for credible reliable measurement/monitoring, reporting verification (MRV) platforms, both national emissions trading. Without investments could considered risky. In this paper, we review methods challenges measuring directly soils, before examining some recent novel developments that show promise quantifying SOC. We describe how repeat surveys are used estimate changes over time, long‐term experiments space‐for‐time substitution sites can serve sources knowledge test models, benchmark global frameworks change. briefly consider models simulate project examine MRV platforms already use various countries/regions. final section, bring together components described review, new vision framework change, support seeking effect way manage our soils.

Language: Английский

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Digital mapping of GlobalSoilMap soil properties at a broad scale: A review

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 409, P. 115567 - 115567

Published: Nov. 30, 2021

Soils are essential for supporting food production and providing ecosystem services but under pressure due to population growth, higher demand, land use competition. Because of the effort ensure sustainable soil resources, demand current, updatable information capable decisions across scales is increasing. Digital mapping (DSM) addresses drawbacks conventional has been increasingly used delivering in a time- cost-efficient manner with spatial resolution, better map accuracy, quantified uncertainty estimates. We reviewed 244 articles published between January 2003 July 2021 then summarised progress broad-scale (spatial extent >10,000 km2) DSM, focusing on 12 mandatory properties GlobalSoilMap. observed that DSM publications continued increase exponentially; however, majority (74.6%) focused applications rather than methodology development. China, France, Australia, United States were most active countries, Africa South America lacked country-based products. Approximately 78% organic matter/carbon content carbon stocks because their significant role security climate regulation. Half topsoil only (<30 cm), studies deep (100–200 cm) less represented (21.7%). Relief, organisms, three frequently environmental covariates DSM. Nonlinear models (i.e. machine learning) have capacity manage complex interactions covariates. Soil pH was best predicted property (average R2 0.60, 0.63, 0.56 at 0–30, 30–100, 100–200 cm). Other relatively well-predicted clay, silt, sand, (SOC), matter (SOM), SOC stocks, bulk density, coarse fragments depth poorly (R2 < 0.28). In addition, decreasing model performance deeper intervals found properties. Further research should pursue rescuing legacy data, sampling new data guided by well-designed schemas, collecting representative covariates, improving interpretability advanced predictive models, relating indicators such as accuracy precision cost-benefit risk assessment analysis decision support; moving from static dynamic DSM; high-quality, fine-resolution digital maps address global challenges related resources.

Language: Английский

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Minimizing carbon footprint via microalgae as a biological capture

Carbon Capture Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100007 - 100007

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

The threatening crisis of climate change and pollution resulting from various anthropogenic interventions has attracted worldwide attention over the last few decades. However, carbon capture storage (CCS) methods, once seen as a promising technology to mitigate this worrying scenario, are considered economically cumbersome, their long term environmental implications still unclear. Alternatively, biological dioxide (CO2) using microalgae is an attractive medium for recycling excess CO2 generated power plants, automobiles, volcanic eruptions, decomposition organic matter, forest fires. Furthermore, through microalgae, can be captured recycled into biomass, which in turn could utilized source produce lipids production bioenergy other value-added products. In future, these products expected sustainably replace petroleum-derived transport fuel without affecting food supply chain crops directly or indirectly. This review focuses on existing literature via minimize footprint. It also highlights molecular tools, methodologies species currently capture.

Language: Английский

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The global carbon sink potential of terrestrial vegetation can be increased substantially by optimal land management

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Abstract Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases — which carbon dioxide is the most significant component, are regarded as primary reason for increased concentration atmospheric and global warming. Terrestrial vegetation sequesters 112–169 PgC (1PgC = 10 15 g carbon) each year, plays a vital role in recycling. Vegetation sequestration varies under different land management practices. Here we propose an integrated method to assess how much more can be sequestered by if optimal practices get implemented. The proposed combines remotely sensed time-series net productivity datasets, segmented landscape-vegetation-soil zones, distance-constrained zonal analysis. We find that sequester extra 13.74 per year location-specific taken half clusters ~15% vegetated areas. finding suggests optimizing promising way mitigate climate changes.

Language: Английский

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Soil organic matter content and crop yield

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(2), P. 27A - 32A

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

M ost agricultural soils are depleted of their soil organic matter (SOM) reserves. A severe loss SOM content may degrade functionality, its capacity for provisioning essential ecosystem services, and health. Therefore, restoration in agroecosystems reverse the degradation trends, enhance services (Banwart et al. 2015), advance Sustainable Development Goals United Nations. (Lal 2018a). Increase also partially replace use chemical fertilizers supplemental irrigation, while restoring environment. Some critical questions to be objectively addressed regarding include following: 1. Is there a limit or range temperate tropical climates below which crop yield declines? 2. If such limit/range can established, what principal determinants? 3. Can an increase severely lead under both nutrient/water limiting sufficient conditions? 4. any positive impact masked by irrigation? 5. resource-saving (i.e., land, water, energy) option? Therefore, objective this article is deliberate impacts on diverse climate, soil, land use, management systems. Healthy important growing healthy crops, raising animals, supporting human population through nutritionally balanced diets environmentally habitats. Favorable attaining vital interconnectivity. The importance has been known ancient civilizations millennia (Manlay …

Language: Английский

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The role of soil in regulation of climate

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 376(1834), P. 20210084 - 20210084

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

The soil carbon (C) stock, comprising organic C (SOC) and inorganic (SIC) being the largest reservoir of terrestrial biosphere, is a critical part global cycle. Soil has been source greenhouse gases (GHGs) since dawn settled agriculture about 10 millenia ago. Soils agricultural ecosystems are depleted their SOC stocks magnitude depletion greater in those prone to accelerated erosion by water wind other degradation processes. Adoption judicious land use science-based management practices can lead re-carbonization soils make them sink for atmospheric C. humid climates have potential increase storage arid semiarid store both SIC. Payments managers sequestration soil, based on credible measurement changes at farm or landscape levels, also important promoting adoption recommended practices. In conjunction with rapid aggressive reduction GHG emissions across all sectors economy, (and vegetation) be an negative method limiting warming 1.5 2°C This article theme issue 'The role delivering Nature's Contributions People'.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing Carbon Sequestration in Croplands: A Synthesis

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 882 - 882

Published: April 29, 2021

Climate change and ensuring food security for an exponentially growing global human population are the greatest challenges future agriculture. Improved soil management practices crucial to tackle these problems by enhancing agro-ecosystem productivity, fertility, carbon sequestration. To meet Paris climate treaty pledges, must address validated approaches sequestration stabilization. The present synthesis assesses a range of current potential agricultural (AMP) that have effect on organic (SOC) storage Through two strategies—increasing inputs (e.g., enhanced primary production, fertilizers) reducing SOC losses erosion, managing respiration)—AMP can either sequester, up 714 ± 404 (compost) kg C ha−1 y−1, having no distinct impact (mineral fertilization), or even reduce stocks in topsoil (bare fallow). Overall, subsoil (>40 cm) requires further investigation. Moreover, change, permanent sealing, consumer behavior dietary habits waste as well socio-economic constraints farmers information exchange, long-term economic profitability) important factors implementing new AMPs. This calls life-cycle assessments those practices.

Language: Английский

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Land Use Effects on Climate: Current State, Recent Progress, and Emerging Topics

Current Climate Change Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 99 - 120

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract Purpose of Review As demand for food and fiber, but also negative emissions, brings most the Earth’s land surface under management, we aim to consolidate scientific progress recent years on climatic effects global use change, including related cover changes (LULCC). Recent Findings We review methodological advances in both modeling observations capture biogeochemical biogeophysical LULCC summarize knowledge underlying mechanisms strength their effects. studies have raised or resolved several important questions LULCC: How can derive CO 2 fluxes from satellites? Why are uncertainties LULCC-related GHG so large? explain that estimates afforestation/reforestation potentials diverge by an order magnitude? Can reconcile seemingly contradicting results models concerning cooling effect high-latitude deforestation? Summary Major has been achieved understanding complementarity modeling, observations, inventories estimating impacts various practices carbon, energy, water fluxes. Emerging fields operationalization recently integration approaches, such as a full greenhouse gas balance LULCC, mapping emissions country-reported data, model evaluation against local observations. Fundamental challenges remain, however, e.g., separating anthropogenic natural dynamics accurately quantifying first. laid foundation future research integrate scales at which act, create co-benefits between mitigation, land-based carbon dioxide removal, climate effective adaptation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2384 - 2398

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract The role of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a ‘win‐win’ solution to both climate change and food insecurity receives an increasing promotion. opportunity may be too good missed! Yet the tremendous complexity two issues at stake calls for detailed nuanced examination any potential solution, no matter how appealing. Here, we critically re‐examine benefits global SOC strategies on mitigation production. While estimated contributions vary, almost none take saturation into account. show that including in estimations decreases contribution by 53%–81% towards 2100. In addition, reviewing more than 21 meta‐analyses, found observed yield effects are inconsistent, ranging from negative neutral positive. We find promise win‐win outcome is confirmed only when specific land management practices applied under conditions. Therefore, argue existing knowledge base does not justify current trend set agendas focusing first foremost sequestration. Away climate‐smart soils , need shift soil‐smart agriculture adaptative adapted each local context, where multiple functions quantified concurrently. Only such comprehensive assessments will allow synergies sustainability maximised agronomic requirements security fulfilled. This implies moving away targets agricultural soils. occur along this pathway contribute should regarded co‐benefit.

Language: Английский

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