Contrary
to
the
law
of
less
work,
individuals
with
high
levels
need
for
cognition
and
self-control
tend
choose
harder
tasks
more
often.
While
both
traits
can
be
integrated
into
a
core
construct
cognitive
effort
investment,
processes
underlying
this
tendency
remain
unclear.
A
plausible
explanation
is
that
these
intend
avoid
feeling
boredom
during
easy
tasks.
If
were
case,
they
would
likely
increase
their
based
on
expected
payoff,
but
rather
increasing
demand.
In
present
study,
we
measured
actual
investment
multiple
dimensions,
i.e.,
subjective
load,
reaction
time,
accuracy,
early
late
frontal
midline
theta
power,
N2
P3
amplitude,
pupil
dilation.
sample
N
=
148
participants,
examined
relationship
dispositional
indices
flanker
an
n-back
task
varying
demand
payoff.
tasks,
sensitive
partly
The
analyses
revealed
no
main
effect
interaction
effects
payoff
time
(n-back
task)
amplitude
power
(flanker
task).
Taken
together,
our
results
do
not
support
notion
exert
efficiently.
However,
regardless
supported.
This
may
further
understanding
conditions
under
which
person-situation
interactions
occur,
i.e.
situations
determine
in
goal-directed
behavior
than
personality,
vice
versa.
Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
60(2)
Published: Aug. 22, 2022
Abstract
Individual
differences
in
processing
speed
are
consistently
related
to
individual
cognitive
abilities,
but
the
mechanisms
through
which
a
higher
facilitates
reasoning
remain
largely
unknown.
To
identify
these
mechanisms,
researchers
have
been
using
latencies
of
event‐related
potential
(ERP)
study
how
processes
associated
with
specific
ERP
components
is
abilities.
Although
there
some
evidence
that
higher‐order
intelligence,
results
overall
quite
inconsistent.
These
inconsistencies
likely
result
from
variations
analytic
procedures
and
little
consideration
psychometric
properties
relatively
small
sample
studies.
Here
we
used
multiverse
approach
evaluate
different
analytical
choices
regarding
references,
low‐pass
filter
cutoffs,
latency
measures
affect
P2,
N2,
P3
their
relations
abilities
148
participants.
Latent
correlations
between
neural
ranged
−.49
−.78.
contained
about
equal
parts
measurement
error
variance
systematic
variance,
only
half
was
whereas
other
reflected
nuisance
factors.
We
recommend
addressing
problematic
by
recording
EEG
data
multiple
tasks
modeling
covariates
latent
variable
models.
All
all,
our
indicate
substantial
robust
relationship
when
those
issues
addressed.
Given
that
the
choices
made
during
recording,
preprocessing
and
analysis
of
event-related
potentials
(ERP)
data
can
affect
study
outcomes,
it
is
critical
they
are
transparently
reported
to
allow
for
reproducibility
replicability.
Yet,
systematic
reviews
reporting
practices
in
field
have
shown
journal
articles
do
not
meet
this
goal
guidelines
writing
them
better
resulted
a
sufficient
improvement
transparency.ARTEM-IS
aims
address
issue
by
building
dynamic,
interactive
web
applications
support
documenting
information
required
existing
publication
form
standardised
metadata
template.
Completing
an
ARTEM-IS
results
human-reader-friendly
PDF
machine-readable
JSON
summary
methodological
information,
which
allows
level
precision
higher
than
what
typically
found
articles.
These
be
used
as
supplements
publication,
memory
aid
when
paper,
or
records
easier
extraction
comparison
verbal
descriptions
papers.Here,
we
present
ERP,
supports
describing
typical
ERP
study,
including
most
its
core
aspects
(study
description,
experimental
design,
hardware,
acquisition,
pre-processing,
measurement,
visualisation,
additional
comments).
We
discuss
current
contents
form,
application
functionalities,
limitations,
potential
directions
future
developments.
In
addition,
process
through
collaborative
grassroots
initiative
described.
Finally,
argue
wider
adoption
bring
benefits
different
stakeholders:
researchers
themselves
their
collaborators,
especially
on
large-scale
projects,
reviewers,
readers
scientific
community
at
large.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
259, P. 119443 - 119443
Published: July 2, 2022
Clayson
et
al.
(2021)
describe
an
innovative
multiverse
analysis
to
evaluate
effects
of
data
processing
choices
on
event-related
potential
(ERP)
measures.
Based
their
results,
they
provide
recommendations
for
studies
measuring
the
error-related
negativity
and
error
positivity
components.
We
argue
that,
although
data-driven
approach
is
useful
identifying
how
influence
ERP
it
not
sufficient
devising
optimal
pipelines.
As
example,
we
focus
inappropriate
use
pre-response
baselines
in
analyses,
which
leads
biased
amplitude
Results
analyses
should
be
supplemented
with
further
investigation
into
why
differences
results
occur
across
before
general
recommendations.
Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
62(1)
Published: Dec. 19, 2024
Preprocessing
is
necessary
to
extract
meaningful
results
from
electroencephalography
(EEG)
data.
With
many
possible
preprocessing
choices,
their
impact
on
outcomes
fundamental.
While
previous
studies
have
explored
the
effects
of
stationary
EEG
data,
this
research
delves
into
mobile
EEG,
where
complex
processing
address
motion
artifacts.
Specifically,
we
describe
choices
reported
for
analyzing
P3
event-related
potential
(ERP)
during
walking
and
standing.
A
systematic
review
258
walking,
identified
27
meeting
inclusion
criteria.
Two
independent
coders
extracted
in
each
study.
Analysis
revealed
commonalities
differences,
such
as
widespread
use
offline
filters
but
limited
application
line
noise
correction
(3
studies).
Notably,
59%
involved
manual
steps,
56%
omitted
reporting
critical
parameters
at
least
one
step.
All
employed
unique
strategies.
These
findings
align
with
results,
emphasizing
necessity
standardized
research.
We
implemented
an
interactive
visualization
tool
(Shiny
app)
aid
exploration
landscape.
The
app
allows
users
structure
literature
regarding
different
enter
planned
methods,
compare
them
literature.
could
be
utilized
examine
how
these
understand
robustness
various
options.
hope
increase
awareness
influence
decisions
advocate
comprehensive
standards
foster
reproducibility
Psychophysiological
research
is
an
inherently
complex
undertaking
due
to
the
nature
of
data,
and
its
analysis
characterized
by
many
decision
points
that
shape
final
dataset
a
study’s
findings.
These
decisions
create
“multiverse”
potential
outcomes,
each
from
study
conceptualization
statistical
can
lead
different
results
interpretations.
This
review
describes
concept
multiverse
analyses,
methodological
approach
designed
understand
impact
on
robustness
findings
interpretation.
The
emphasis
transparently
showcasing
reasonable
approaches
for
constructing
highlighting
influence
various
points,
experimental
design
data
processing
outcome
selection.
For
example,
choice
task
significantly
event-related
(ERP)
scores
or
skin
conductance
responses
(SCRs),
tasks
might
elicit
unique
variances
in
measure.
underscores
importance
embracing
flexibility
inherent
psychophysiological
consequences
not
understanding
fragility
By
navigating
intricate
terrain
multiverse,
this
serves
as
guide,
helping
researchers
make
informed
decisions,
improve
collective
findings,
push
boundaries
field.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Abstract
As
an
active
field
of
research
and
with
the
development
state-of-the-art
algorithms
to
analyze
EEG
datasets,
parametrization
Electroencephalography
(EEG)
analysis
workflows
has
become
increasingly
flexible
complex,
a
great
variety
methodological
options
tools
be
selected
at
each
step.
This
high
analytical
flexibility
can
problematic
as
it
yield
variability
in
outcomes.
Therefore,
growing
attention
been
recently
paid
understand
potential
impact
different
decisions
on
reproducibility
results.
In
this
paper,
we
aim
examine
how
sensitive
results
analyses
are
variations
preprocessing
software
tools.
We
reanalyzed
shared
data
(N=500)
from
(Williams
et
al.
2021)
using
three
most
commonly
used
tools:
EEGLAB,
Brainstorm
FieldTrip.
After
reproducing
same
original
workflow
software,
resulting
evoked-related
potentials
(ERPs)
were
qualitatively
quantitatively
compared
order
degree
consistency/discrepancy
between
softwares.
Our
findings
show
good
convergence
terms
general
profile
ERP
waveforms,
peak
latencies
effect
size
estimates
related
specific
signal
features.
However,
considerable
was
also
observed
magnitude
absolute
voltage
package
reflected
by
similarity
values
statistical
differences
particular
channels
time
instants.
conclusion,
believe
that
study
provides
valuable
clues
better
tool
Multiverse
analyses
involve
conducting
all
combinations
of
reasonable
choices
in
a
data
analysis
process.
A
reader
study
containing
multiverse
might
question—are
the
included
and
equally
justifiable?
How
much
do
results
vary
if
we
make
different
process?
In
this
work,
identify
principles
for
validating
composition
of,
interpreting
uncertainty
in,
analysis.
We
present
Milliways,
novel
interactive
visualisation
system
to
support
principled
evaluation
analyses.
Milliways
provides
interlinked
panels
presenting
result
distributions,
individual
composition,
code
specification,
summaries.
supports
interactions
sort,
filter
aggregate
based
on
specification
decisions
process
which
are
sensitive.
To
represent
two
qualitatively
types
that
arise
analyses—probabilistic
from
estimating
unknown
quantities
interest
such
as
regression
coefficients,
possibilistic
analysis—Milliways
uses
consonance
curves
probability
boxes.
Through
an
evaluative
with
five
users
familiar
analysis,
demonstrate
how
can
tasks,
including
assessment
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 1, 2024
Abstract
Preprocessing
is
necessary
to
extract
meaningful
results
from
electroencephalography
(EEG)
data.
With
many
possible
preprocessing
choices,
their
impact
on
outcomes
fundamental.
While
previous
studies
have
explored
the
effects
of
stationary
EEG
data,
this
research
delves
into
mobile
EEG,
where
complex
processing
address
motion
artifacts.
Specifically,
we
describe
choices
reported
for
analyzing
P3
event-related
potential
(ERP)
during
walking
and
standing.
A
systematic
review
258
walking,
identified
27
meeting
inclusion
criteria.
Two
independent
coders
extracted
in
each
study.
Analysis
revealed
commonalities
differences,
such
as
widespread
use
offline
filters
but
limited
application
line
noise
correction
(3
studies).
Notably,
59%
involved
manual
steps,
56%
omitted
reporting
critical
parameters
at
least
one
step.
All
employed
unique
strategies.
These
findings
align
with
results,
emphasizing
necessity
standardized
research.
We
implemented
an
interactive
visualization
tool
(Shiny
app)
aid
exploration
landscape.
The
app
allows
users
structure
literature
regarding
different
enter
planned
methods,
compare
them
literature.
could
be
utilized
examine
how
these
understand
robustness
various
options.
hope
increase
awareness
influence
decisions
advocate
comprehensive
standards
foster
reproducibility
Authorea (Authorea),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 21, 2023
Recent
evidence
indicates
that
measures
of
brain
functioning
as
indexed
by
event-related
potentials
(ERP)
on
the
electroencephalogram
aligns
more
closely
to
transdiagnostic
psychopathology
than
categorical
taxonomies.
The
Hierarchical
Taxonomy
Psychopathology
(HiTOP)
is
a
transdiagnostic,
dimensional
framework
aiming
solve
issues
comorbidity,
symptom
heterogeneity
and
arbitrary
diagnostic
boundaries.
Based
shared
features,
emotional
disorders
are
allocated
into
subfactors
Distress
Fear.
Evidence
indicate
which
close
in
HiTOP
hierarchy
share
etiology,
profiles
treatment
outcome.
However,
further
studies
testing
biological
underpinnings
called
for.
In
this
study,
we
assessed
differences
between
Fear
range
well-studied
ERP
components.
Fifty-one
patients
with
were
divided
two
groups
(Distress,
N
=
26;
Fear,
25)
according
criteria
compared
against
37
healthy
comparison
subjects
(HC).
Addressing
traditional
preprocessing
analysis
methods,
applied
robust
single-trial
implemented
EEGLAB
toolbox
LIMO
EEG.
Several
components
found
differ
groups.
Surprisingly,
no
difference
HC
for
any
ERPs.
This
suggests
some
well-established
results
from
literature,
e.g.,
increased
error-related
negativity
OCD,
not
neurobiological
correlate
subfactor.
Conversely,
Distress,
reductions
several
across
paradigms.
Future
could
utilize
HiTOP-validated
precisely
define
subfactor
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 18, 2023
Abstract
The
significant
degree
of
variability
and
flexibility
in
neuroimaging
analysis
approaches
has
recently
raised
concerns.
When
running
any
study,
the
researcher
is
faced
with
a
large
number
methodological
choices,
often
made
arbitrarily.
This
can
produce
substantial
results,
ultimately
hindering
research
replicability,
thus,
robust
conclusions.
Here,
we
addressed
analytical
EEG
source
connectivity
pipeline
its
effects
on
outcomes
consistency.
Like
most
analyses,
involves
processing
high-dimensional
data
characterized
by
complex
workflow
that
leads
to
high
variability.
In
this
focused
functional
induced
three
key
factors
along
pipeline:
1)
electrodes,
2)
inverse
solution
algorithms,
3)
metrics.
Outcomes
was
assessed
terms
group-level
consistency,
inter-,
intra-subjects
similarity,
using
resting-state
(n
=
88).
As
expected,
our
results
showed
different
choices
related
reconstruction
algorithm,
measure
substantially
affect
between-,
within-subjects
similarity.
We
believe
impact
such
represents
critical
issue
for
studies
should
be
prioritized.
Highlights
recognized
priority
studies.
Analytical
prominent
analysis.
Group-level
similarity
are
affected
