Animal Frontiers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 48 - 56
Published: Dec. 1, 2021
Language: Английский
The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. e192 - e201
Published: March 1, 2022
Heat stress in animals is one of the major climate change impacts on domesticated livestock raised both intensive and extensive production systems. At temperatures higher than an animal's thermoneutral zone, heat can affect liveweight gain, milk yield, fertility. Animal welfare may also be negatively affected by even absence effects productivity, at least short term.We estimated comparative statics value cattle meat from stress-induced losses global level, using scenario outputs for middle (2045) end century (2085). The loss estimates are based bioenergetic equations that relate changes dry matter intake (DMI) to cold hot, humid weather. DMI were CMIP6 data linked a dataset containing information systems, animal numbers, region-specific system-specific diets. Changes converted valued early 20th world prices (ie, constant 2005 US dollars).For high greenhouse-gas emission (SSP5-8.5), amount $39·94 billion (95% CI 34·39-45·49 billion) per year century, or 9·8% 2005. For low (SSP1-2.6), was $14·89 (12·62-16·95 year, 3·7% value. In scenarios, most tropical regions projected far greater they temperate regions.Our results highlight potential magnitude extent adaptation efforts will necessary combat increasing during this if food security challenges minimised. Adaptations include switching more heat-tolerant breeds provision shade, ventilation, cooling systems.CGIAR Trust Fund bilateral donors.
Language: Английский
Citations
138
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10
Published: June 20, 2023
Climate change is a problem that causes many environmental issues impact the productivity of livestock species. One major associated with climate an increase frequency hot days and heat waves, which increases risk stress for Dairy cattle have been identified as being susceptible to due their high metabolic load. Studies shown impacts several biological processes can result in large economic consequences. When occurs, dairy employ physiological cellular mechanisms order dissipate protect cells from damage. These require diversion energy toward protection away other processes. Therefore, turn lead numerous including reductions milk production reproduction well increased disease mortality. This indicates need select would be thermotolerant. Various selection strategies confer thermotolerance discussed literature, selecting reduced production, crossbreeding thermotolerant breeds, based on traits most recently enhanced immune response. review discusses various pros cons proposed cattle.
Language: Английский
Citations
45
Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 301 - 301
Published: Jan. 25, 2021
Reproductive efficiency is closely tied to the profitability of dairy herds, and therefore successful operations seek achieve high 21-day pregnancy rates in order reduce calving interval days milk herd. There are various factors that impact reproductive performance, including specific management program, body condition score loss nutritional management, genetics cows, cow comfort provided by facilities programs. To rates, service rate per artificial insemination (P/AI) should be increased. Currently, there adjustments timed (TAI) protocols use presynchronization programs can increase P/AI, even point fertility higher with some TAI as compared AI after standing estrus. Implementation a systematic program utilizes efficient optimized strategies produce indexes combined healthy cows having production termed "the cycle". The scientific results underlie these concepts presented this manuscript along how ideas practically implemented improve on commercial operations.
Language: Английский
Citations
66
Animals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 352 - 352
Published: Jan. 31, 2021
The peripartum period of a dairy cow is characterized by several physiological and behavioral changes in response to rapid increase nutrient demands, support the final stages fetal growth production colostrum milk. Traditionally, transition defined as 3 weeks before after parturition. However, researchers have argued that begins at time dry-off (~60–50 days prior calving) extends beyond first month post-calving high producing cows. Independent definition used, adequate adaptation demands this paramount for successful lactation. Nonetheless, not all cows are transitioning from late gestation early lactation, leading approximately one third having least clinical disease (metabolic and/or infectious) more than half subclinical case within 90 Thus, monitoring during essential detect signs, diagnose diseases, initiate targeted health management avoid impairment. In review, we discuss different strategies monitor detected unintended disruptions performance can be implemented improve metabolic period.
Language: Английский
Citations
56
Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 107(7), P. 4109 - 4128
Published: Jan. 20, 2024
Colostrum is a rich source of nutritional and non-nutritional components recognized as essential to transfer passive immunity newborn calves. Because the individual seasonal variability in colostrum yield composition, maintaining an adequate supply high-quality year-round remains challenge for commercial dairy producers. In this narrative review, we described individual, seasonal, herd-level production summarized association between animal factors such parity, sex calf, calf birth weight, well indicators cow's metabolic status composition colostrum. Further, reviewed current knowledge on influence prepartum nutrition management strategies production. Research metabolizable energy protein supplied diet into inclusion vitamins, minerals, feed additives suggests influences yield, quality, Furthermore, environment dry period length remain influential However, additional research needed understand mechanisms by which affects Lastly, time harvest oxytocin administration effect heat-treatment storage colostral were discussed. To conclude, identify critical gaps future focus investigation research.
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 100(3)
Published: Feb. 14, 2022
Abstract Milk production in dairy cows increases worldwide since many decades. With rising milk yields, however, potential limiting factors are increasingly discussed. Particularly, the availability of glucose and amino acids is crucial to maintain as well animal health. Limitations arise from feed sources, rumen digestive tract, tissue mobilization, intermediary metabolism transport, uptake circulating nutrients by lactating mammary gland. The character can change depending on stage lactation. Although physiological boundaries prevalent throughout gestation–lactation cycle, limitations aggravated during early lactation period when high accompanied low intake mobilization body reserves. knowledge about constraints may help improve health make more sustainably. scope this review address contemporary related limits a perspective. Besides acknowledged constraints, selected environmental management-related affecting performance physiology will be Potential solutions strategies overcome or alleviate these only presented briefly. Instead, they thought existing shortcomings identify possibilities for optimization. Despite scientific-based view limits, we should keep mind that healthy animals could use their genetic capacity produce amounts milk.
Language: Английский
Citations
28
Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 350 - 350
Published: Jan. 19, 2023
Due to climate change, heat stress is a growing problem for the dairy industry. Based on this, annual economic losses in sector are verified mainly large scale. Despite several publications thermal lactating cows confinement systems, there need be published reviews addressing this issue systematically. Our objective was scientometrically analyze effects of managed system. PRISMA guidelines, research articles were identified, screened, and summarized based inclusion criteria Data obtained from Web Science. A total 604 scientific between 2000 April 2022 considered. then analyzed using Microsoft Excel CiteSpace. The results pointed significant increase studies housed systems. main areas Agriculture, Dairy Animal Science Veterinary Sciences. USA showed highest concentration (31.12%), followed by China (14.90%). Emerging themes included behavior. most influential journals Journal top authors L. H. Baumgard R. J. Collier. leading institutions Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, State University System Florida Florida. study maps domains discusses implications explanations highlights emerging trends.
Language: Английский
Citations
16
Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(22), P. 3451 - 3451
Published: Nov. 9, 2023
In the dairy cattle sector, evaluation of effects induced by heat stress is still one most impactful and investigated aspects as it strongly connected to both sustainability production animal welfare. On other hand, more recently, possibility collecting a large dataset made available increasing technology diffusion paving way for application advanced numerical techniques based on machine learning or big data approaches. this scenario, driven rapid change, there could be risk dispersing relevant information represented physiological component, which should maintain central role in development models tools. light this, present literature review aims consolidate synthesize existing research consequences cattle. The provides, single document, an overview, complete possible, stress-induced responses with intent filling gap extracting veterinary knowledge make future applications also different fields.
Language: Английский
Citations
16
Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1241 - 1241
Published: July 27, 2024
Climate change is a global problem with an important influence on farm animals, so the entire veterinary medical industry working to combat effects of heat stress. In recent years, warming has been correlated physiological changes in adaptation that lead decrease milk production and quality. We have chosen study these mechanisms are based hormonal imbalances (LH, TSH, prolactin) general (apathy lack appetite).
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Frontiers in Animal Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2
Published: July 12, 2021
The effects of heat stress on dry cows are profound and significantly contribute to lower overall welfare, productivity, profitability the dairy sector. Although more thermotolerant than lactating due their non-lactating state, similar environmental thresholds currently used estimate degree strain cooling requirements. Records cow studies conducted over 5 years in Gainesville, Florida, USA were pooled analyzed determine at which exhibit signs a subtropical climate. Dry-pregnant multiparous dams actively cooled (CL; shade freestall barn, fans water soakers, n = 107) or not (HT; only, 111) during last 7 weeks gestation, concurrent with entire period. Heat indices, including ambient temperature, relative humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI), animal-based respiration rate, rectal temperature daily matter intake recorded all studies. Simple correlations performed between each indicator. Differences treatments by multiple regression. Using segmented regression, for significant changes indicators estimated. Stronger found indices measured HT (−0.22 ≤ r 0.35) CL (−0.13 0.19). exposed index, (+0.3°C; P < 0.001) rate (+23 breaths/min; elevated compared whereas (−0.4 kg matter/d; 0.003) was reduced. Temperature-humidity began change both determined THI 77 cows. No threshold detected intake. At practical level, our results demonstrate that increased abruptly when provided only managed Therefore, absence active cooling, should be closely monitored before reaches avoid further heat-stress related impairments period subsequent lactation mitigate potential carry-over offspring.
Language: Английский
Citations
36