Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
33(5), P. 108338 - 108338
Published: Nov. 1, 2020
Granule
cells
(GCs)
of
the
cerebellar
input
layer
express
high-affinity
δ
GABAA
subunit-containing
receptors
(δGABAARs)
that
respond
to
ambient
GABA
levels
and
context-dependent
neuromodulators
like
steroids.
We
find
GC-specific
deletion
δGABAA
(cerebellar
[cb]
knockout
[KO])
decreases
tonic
inhibition,
makes
GCs
hyperexcitable,
in
turn,
leads
differential
activation
cb
output
regions
as
well
many
cortical
subcortical
brain
areas
involved
cognition,
anxiety-like
behaviors,
stress
response.
Cb
KO
mice
display
deficits
but
motor
function
is
normal.
Strikingly,
alters
maternal
behavior
spontaneous,
stress-related,
social
behaviors
specifically
females.
Our
findings
establish
δGABAARs
enable
cerebellum
control
diverse
not
previously
associated
with
a
sex-dependent
manner.
These
insights
may
contribute
better
understanding
mechanisms
underlie
behavioral
abnormalities
psychiatric
neurodevelopmental
disorders
gender
bias.
Neurobiology of Stress,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11, P. 100191 - 100191
Published: Aug. 13, 2019
Stress
and
anxiety
have
intertwined
behavioral
neural
underpinnings.
These
commonalities
are
critical
for
understanding
each
state,
as
well
their
mutual
interactions.
Grasping
the
mechanisms
underlying
this
bidirectional
relationship
will
major
clinical
implications
managing
a
wide
range
of
psychopathologies.
After
briefly
defining
key
concepts
study
stress
in
pre-clinical
models,
we
present
circuit,
cellular
molecular
involved
either
or
both
anxiety.
First,
review
studies
on
divergent
circuits
basolateral
amygdala
(BLA)
emotional
valence
processing
anxiety-like
behaviors,
how
norepinephrine
inputs
from
locus
coeruleus
(LC)
to
BLA
responsible
acute-stress
induced
We
then
describe
recent
revealing
new
role
mitochondrial
function
within
nucleus
accumbens
(NAc),
individual
trait
rodents,
participating
link
between
Next,
report
findings
impact
reward
encoding
through
alteration
circuit
dynamic
synchronicity.
Finally,
work
unravelling
hypothalamic
corticotropin-releasing
hormone
(CRH)
neurons
controlling
stress-induce
behaviors.
Altogether,
research
reviewed
here
reveals
sharing
subcortical
nodes
Understanding
overlap
these
two
psychobiological
states,
might
provide
alternative
strategies
manage
disorders
such
post-traumatic
disorder
(PTSD).
Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 123 - 123
Published: Jan. 14, 2021
Depression
is
apparently
the
most
common
psychiatric
disease
among
mood
disorders
affecting
about
10%
of
adult
population.
The
etiology
and
pathogenesis
depression
are
still
poorly
understood.
Hence,
as
for
human
diseases,
animal
models
can
help
us
understand
and,
more
importantly,
may
facilitate
search
therapy.
In
this
review
we
first
describe
tests
used
evaluation
depressive-like
symptoms
in
rodents.
Then
different
discuss
their
strengths
weaknesses.
These
be
divided
into
several
categories:
genetic
models,
induced
by
mental
acute
chronic
stressful
situations
caused
environmental
manipulations
(i.e.,
learned
helplessness
rats/mice),
changes
brain
neuro-transmitters
or
specific
injuries
pharmacological
tools.
spite
fact
that
none
completely
resembles
depression,
relevant
since
they
mimic
many
features
observed
situation
serve
a
powerful
tool
study
etiology,
treatment
especially
only
few
patients
respond
to
treatment.
Relevance
increases
also
has
facets
possible
etiologies
therapies.
Current Research in Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2, P. 100013 - 100013
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Through
incorporating
both
physical
and
psychological
forms
of
stressors,
a
variety
rodent
models
have
provided
important
insights
into
the
understanding
stress
physiology.
Rodent
also
significant
information
with
regards
to
mechanistic
basis
pathophysiology
stress-related
disorders
such
as
anxiety
disorders,
depressive
illnesses,
cognitive
impairment
post-traumatic
disorder.
Additionally,
served
valuable
tools
in
area
drug
screening
development
for
treatment
stress-induced
conditions.
Although
do
not
accurately
reproduce
biochemical
or
physiological
parameters
response
cannot
fully
mimic
natural
progression
human
yet,
animal
research
has
answers
many
scientific
questions.
In
this
review
article,
studies
utilizing
are
described
terms
their
design
apparatus,
specific
focus
on
capabilities
generate
reliable
behavioral
read-out.
The
focusses
utility
by
discussing
examples
literature
that
offer
physiologically
relevant
highlights
advancing
mission
inquiry.
eNeuro,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. ENEURO.0010 - 18.2018
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Abstract
Molecular
identification
and
characterization
of
fear
controlling
circuitries
is
a
promising
path
towards
developing
targeted
treatments
fear-related
disorders.
Three-color
in
situ
hybridization
analysis
was
used
to
determine
whether
somatostatin
(SOM,
Sst
),
neurotensin
(NTS,
Nts
corticotropin-releasing
factor
(CRF,
Crf
tachykinin
2
(TAC2,
Tac2
protein
kinase
c-δ
(PKC-δ,
Prkcd
dopamine
receptor
(DRD2,
Drd2
)
mRNA
colocalize
male
mouse
amygdala
neurons.
Expression
colocalization
examined
across
capsular
(CeC),
lateral
(CeL),
medial
(CeM)
compartments
the
central
amygdala.
The
greatest
expression
were
found
CeC
CeL.
expressed
primarily
CeL,
while
-,
-expressing
neurons
distributed
between
CeL
CeM.
High
levels
identified
,
within
little
detected
any
mRNAs
These
findings
provide
more
detailed
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
that
regulate
development
maintenance
anxiety
behaviors.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: April 11, 2019
Adolescence
is
a
developmental
period
associated
with
vast
neural
and
behavioral
changes
which
are
accompanied
by
altered
sensitivity
to
stimuli,
both
stressful
rewarding.
Perturbations,
especially
during
this
have
been
shown
alter
behavior
in
adulthood.
Social
isolation
rearing
one
such
perturbation.
This
review
highlights
the
long-term
consequences
of
adolescent
social
rodents
specific
focus
on
anxiety-
addiction-related
behaviors.
Sex-specific
effects
discussed
where
data
available.
We
then
consider
monoaminergic
neurotransmission
as
possible
mechanism
for
described.
research
normative
perturbed
development
crucial
understanding
treating
increased
vulnerability
psychiatric
disorders
seen
humans
life
stage.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: June 30, 2020
Female
animals
in
biomedical
research
have
traditionally
been
excluded
from
studies
due
to
the
perceived
added
complexity
caused
by
estrus
cycle.
However,
given
importance
of
sex
differences
a
variety
neurological
disorders,
testing
female
mice
is
critical
identifying
sex-linked
effects
diseases.
In
order
determine
susceptibility
simple
behaviors
hormonal
fluctuations
cycle,
we
studied
and
cycle
on
behavioral
tasks
commonly
used
mouse
phenotyping
laboratories.
Male
C57BL/6J
were
tested
small
battery
short
duration
tests
and,
immediately
completion
each
test,
females
classified
using
cytology
vaginal
lavages
as
sexually-receptive
(proestrus
estrus)
or
non-receptive
(metestrus
diestrus).
We
showed
that
there
was
significant
difference
3-chamber
social
interaction
between
at
different
stages
their
with
showing
no
preferential
interest
novel
compared
an
empty
chamber.
Non-receptive
same
level
preference
for
male
did
mouse.
No
within
sexes
found
anxiety
(elevated
plus
maze,
holeboard),
working
memory
(novel
object
recognition)
motor
learning
(repeated
rotarod).
conclude
stage
may
impact
same-sex
conspecifics,
does
not
performance
elevated
holeboard,
recognition,
rotarod.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 24, 2021
The
reproducibility
crisis
(or
replication
crisis)
in
biomedical
research
is
a
particularly
existential
and
under-addressed
issue
the
field
of
behavioral
neuroscience,
where,
spite
efforts
to
standardize
testing
assay
protocols,
several
known
unknown
sources
confounding
environmental
factors
add
variance.
Human
interference
major
contributor
variability
both
within
across
laboratories,
as
well
novelty-induced
anxiety.
Attempts
reduce
human
measure
more
"natural"
behaviors
subjects
has
led
development
automated
home-cage
monitoring
systems.
These
systems
enable
prolonged
longitudinal
recordings,
provide
large
continuous
measures
spontaneous
behavior
that
can
be
analyzed
multiple
time
scales.
In
this
review,
diverse
team
neuroscientists
product
developers
share
their
experiences
using
such
an
system
combines
Noldus
PhenoTyper®
home-cages
video-based
tracking
software,
EthoVision®
XT,
extract
digital
biomarkers
motor,
emotional,
social
cognitive
behavior.
After
presenting
our
working
definition
"home-cage",
we
compare
with
conventional
out-of-cage
tests
(e.g.,
open
field)
outline
various
advantages
former,
including
opportunities
for
within-subject
analyses
assessments
circadian
ultradian
activity.
Next,
address
technical
issues
pertaining
acquisition
data,
fine-tuning
software
potential
integration
biotelemetry
optogenetics.
Finally,
guidance
on
which
emphasize,
how
filter,
segment,
analyze
behavior,
use
analysis
scripts.
We
summarize
PhenoTyper
applications
study
neuropharmacology
animal
models
neurodegenerative
neuropsychiatric
illness.
Looking
forward,
examine
current
challenges
impact
new
developments.
Examples
include
recognition
specific
behaviors,
unambiguous
individuals
context,
animal-centered
ways
dealing
datasets.
Together,
advocate
by
embracing
standardized
platforms
like
PhenoTyper,
are
poised
directly
assess
reproducibility,
importantly,
features
rodent
under
ethologically
relevant
scenarios.
