Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Neuroinflammation and Depression: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1645 - 1645

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

The relationship between neuroinflammation and depression is a complex area of research that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation glial cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines, been implicated pathophysiology depression. bidirectional; not only can inflammation contribute to onset depressive symptoms, but itself also exacerbate inflammatory responses, creating vicious cycle complicates treatment recovery. present comprehensive review aimed explore current findings on interplay depression, as well mechanisms, risk factors, therapeutic implications. mechanisms which induces depressive-like behaviors are diverse. Neuroinflammation increase activate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, impair serotonin synthesis, all symptoms. Furthermore, microglia linked mediators disrupt neuronal function mood disorders. Stress-induced neuroinflammatory responses lead cytokines affect brain influence behavior mood. Understanding these crucial for developing targeted therapies mitigate effects

Language: Английский

---

Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations on Telomere Biology: The Positive Effect of Pharmacologically Active Substances on Telomere Length

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7694 - 7694

Published: July 13, 2024

Telomeres are part of chromatin structures containing repeated DNA sequences, which function as protective caps at the ends chromosomes and prevent degradation recombination, thus ensuring integrity genome. While telomere length (TL) can be genetically inherited, TL shortening has been associated with ageing multiple xenobiotics bioactive substances. characterised a reliable biomarker for predisposition to developing chronic pathologies their progression. This narrative review aims provide arguments in favour including measurements complex prognostic diagnostic panel importance assessing effect different pharmacologically active molecules on biology telomeres. Medicines used management cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, schizophrenia, hormone replacement therapy menopause, danazol, melatonin, probiotics have studied positive effects against shortening. All these classes drugs analysed present review, particular focus molecular mechanisms involved.

Language: Английский

---

Neuroinflammation—A Crucial Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression—A Comprehensive Review

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 502 - 502

Published: March 30, 2025

Depression is a multifactorial psychiatric condition with complex pathophysiology, increasingly linked to neuroinflammatory processes. The present review explores the role of neuroinflammation in depression, focusing on glial cell activation, cytokine signaling, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and disruptions neurotransmitter systems. article highlights how inflammatory mediators influence brain regions implicated mood regulation, such as hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex. further discusses involvement hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, kynurenine pathway, providing mechanistic insights into chronic inflammation may underlie emotional cognitive symptoms depression. bidirectional relationship between depressive emphasized, along peripheral immune responses systemic stress. By integrating molecular, cellular, neuroendocrine perspectives, this supports growing field immunopsychiatry lays foundation for novel diagnostic biomarkers anti-inflammatory treatment approaches Further research holds promise developing more effective personalized interventions individuals suffering from

Language: Английский

---

Dietary Habits and Their Influence on the Microbiome and Mental Health in Adolescents

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1496 - 1496

Published: April 29, 2025

Adolescence represents a critical developmental stage where diet, gut microorganisms, and mental health are strongly interconnected. The current literature evidences the bidirectional role between dietary habits psychological well-being, which is mediated by gut–brain axis. purpose of this review to highlight importance in adolescence period impact different food choices on microbiota secondary health. Gut plays vital synthesis neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). disruption composition called dysbiosis, has been associated with systemic inflammation state chronic stress. They contribute onset psychiatric disorders including MDD, anxiety, ADHD, autism. Diets high quantity sugar low fiber alteration poor Additionally, early-life stress, antibiotic usage, may alter bacterial communities, long-term implications for adolescents Dietary interventions, intake prebiotics, probiotics, SCFAs, micronutrients could restore microbial balance improve symptoms. This highlights diet adolescent emphasizes need integrative strategies promote resilience through microbiome regulation.

Language: Английский

---

DENTAL ANXIETY - A PSYCHOSOCIAL CAUSE AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Dental anxiety is a prevalent psychosocial issue that significantly affects the quality of life for many individuals, influencing their willingness to seek dental care and ultimately affecting oral health. The present narrative review aims highlight some forms in which can manifest, including fear pain, negative past experiences, social factors, collectively contribute cycle avoidance deteriorating health conditions. Moreover, paper highlights biological psychological aspects treatment, describing also main elements regarding etiology anxiety. implications extend beyond individual experiences; they affect broader societal outcomes. Effective management strategies, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy relaxation techniques, have been shown alleviate improve patient Overall, significant factor adversely individuals' by deterring them from seeking necessary care. Understanding multifactorial nature this anxiety, its origins consequences, essential developing effective strategies overall well-being.

Language: Английский

---

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of somatization disorders in students

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

In the past psychosomatic illnesses have been seen as consequences of primary psychological disorders. Lacking confidence in this causal model, many prefer Engel's biopsychosocial model which refers to circular interaction between body, soul and environment. This is agreement with neuropsychoimmunological theories body's feedback loops that include emotions behavior [1]. Many clinicians re-frame somatization a psychopathology use basis for directing attention patient's personality traits life context. Some consider role clinician emphasize links symptoms external stressors how these lead psychophysiological changes

Language: Английский

---

THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL REALITY THERAPY IN DENTISTRY: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CURRENT TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Aim of the study: This bibliometric analysis aims to explore current research landscape on virtual reality (VR) therapy in stomatology, identifying key publication trends, influential contributors, themes, and potential gaps this evolving field. Materials methods: Using Web Science database, publications from 2019 2024 were extracted with keywords "virtual reality" "dentistry" resulting 32 articles. The included leading authors, journals, collaboration networks, thematic categorization. Results: study found a growing interest VR therapy, especially last three years, themes including anxiety management, dental education, clinical training, procedural simulations. Major contributors are primarily USA, China, India, limited representation Romania. Collaboration networks highlight field's interdisciplinary nature. Identified include need for standardized protocols, cost-effectiveness, understanding long-term impacts. Conclusions: provides insights into role emphasizing its benefits. Addressing challenges such as implementation costs standardization can guide future optimize VR's use care.

Language: Английский

---

MOUTH BREATHING SYNDROM-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Aim of the study Mouth breathing syndrome (MBS) is a multifactorial condition where patient breathes predominantly through mouth instead nose, leading to negative consequences on facial development, oral and general health. Because its complexity, MBS therapy requires close collaboration between different specialities. not just respiratory problem; it also affects cranio-facial health, sleep even some systemic functions body. An interdisciplinary approach ensures complete evaluation holistic treatment patient, addressing only symptoms but underlying causes MBS. Collaboration specialists allows an individualized treatment, adapted specific needs each preventing long-term complications. Involvement both family in rehabilitation process, supported by medical team, crucial for success maintenance results. Materials methods The research undertaken aimed identify opportunities, challenges barriers existing rehabilitation. took into account responses 720 from various fields medicine involved therapy. Results Dentistry has 14.5% recommendation because most represented among specializations present study. Most often, dentist recommends ENT specialty or orthodontics. At top frequent symptomatology was disorders, with 14 doctors specialised somnology as classified itself newest type specialty. (484 responses) speep apnea followed 432 answers orthodontic issues values dry halitosis. Conclusions Through otolaryngologists, orthodontists, dentists, speech therapists, allergists other specialists, optimal results can be achieved, improving craniofacial development quality life patients.

Language: Английский

---