An Overview of the Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1920 - 1920

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), frequently considered a major global public health threat, requires comprehensive understanding of its emergence, mechanisms, advances, and implications. AMR’s epidemiological landscape is characterized by widespread prevalence constantly evolving patterns, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) creating new challenges every day. The most common mechanisms underlying AMR (i.e., genetic mutations, horizontal gene transfer, selective pressure) contribute to the emergence dissemination resistant strains. Therefore, mitigation strategies (e.g., antibiotic stewardship programs—ASPs—and infection prevention control strategies—IPCs) emphasize importance responsible antimicrobial use surveillance. A One Health approach interconnectedness human, animal, environmental health) highlights necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration holistic in combating AMR. Advancements novel therapeutics alternative agents vaccines) offer promising avenues addressing challenges. Policy interventions at international national levels also promote ASPs aiming regulate use. Despite all observed progress, remains pressing concern, demanding sustained efforts address emerging threats sustainability. Future research must prioritize innovative approaches complex socioecological dynamics This manuscript resource researchers, policymakers, healthcare professionals seeking navigate develop effective mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Consequences of Antibiotics Pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa: Understanding Sources, Pathways, and Potential Implications

Emerging contaminants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100475 - 100475

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cooling perspectives on the risk of pathogenic viruses from thawing permafrost

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change is inducing wide-scale permafrost thaw in the Arctic and subarctic, triggering concerns that long-dormant pathogens could reemerge from thawing ground initiate epidemics or pandemics. Viruses, as opposed to bacterial pathogens, garner particular interest because outbreaks cannot be controlled with antibiotics, though effects can mitigated by vaccines newer antiviral drugs. To evaluate potential hazards posed viral emerging permafrost, we review information a diverse range of disciplines. This includes efforts recover infectious virus human remains, studies on disease occurrence polar animal populations, investigations into persistence infectivity assessments exposure enormous diversity present environment. Based currently available knowledge, conclude risk viruses no greater than other environments such temperate soils aquatic systems.

Language: Английский

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Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Lessons From COVID-19

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(4), P. 422 - 425

Published: April 10, 2023

The global experience with COVID-19 holds important lessons for preparing for, and responding to, future emergences of pathogens pandemic potential.

Language: Английский

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The anthropogenic fingerprint on emerging infectious diseases

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 22, 2024

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases are increasingly understood as a hallmark of the Anthropocene 1–3 . Most experts agree that anthropogenic ecosystem change and high-risk contact among people, livestock, wildlife have contributed to recent emergence new zoonotic, vector-borne, environmentally-transmitted pathogens 1,4–6 However, extent which these factors also structure landscapes human infection outbreak risk is not well understood, beyond certain well-studied disease systems 7–9 Here, we consolidate 58,319 unique records events for 32 emerging worldwide, systematically test influence 16 hypothesized social environmental drivers on geography risk, while adjusting multiple detection, reporting, research biases. Across diseases, risks widely associated with mosaic where people live alongside forests fragmented ecosystems, commonly exacerbated by long-term decreases in precipitation. The combined effects particularly strong vector-borne (e.g., Lyme dengue fever), underscoring policy strategies manage will need address land use climate 10–12 In contrast, find little evidence spillovers directly-transmitted zoonotic Ebola virus mpox) consistently factors, or other such deforestation agricultural intensification 13 importantly, observed spatial intensity primarily an artefact healthcare access, indicating existing surveillance remain insufficient comprehensive monitoring response: across reporting declined median 32% (range 1.2%-96.7%) each additional hour’s travel time from nearest health facility. Our findings underscore multicausal feature social-ecological systems, no one-size-fits-all global strategy can prevent epidemics pandemics. Instead, ecosystem-based interventions should follow regional priorities system-specific evidence, be paired investment One Health system strengthening.

Language: Английский

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A review of emerging health threats from zoonotic New World mammarenaviruses

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 4, 2024

Abstract Despite repeated spillover transmission and their potential to cause significant morbidity mortality in human hosts, the New World mammarenaviruses remain largely understudied. These viruses are endemic South America, with animal reservoir hosts covering large geographic areas whose ecology driven part by land use change agriculture that put humans regular contact zoonotic hosts. We compiled published studies about Guanarito virus, Junin Machupo Chapare Sabia Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus review state of knowledge viral hemorrhagic fevers caused mammarenaviruses. summarize what is known rodent reservoirs, conditions for each these pathogens, characteristics populations at greatest risk fever diseases. also implications outbreaks biosecurity concerns where diseases endemic, steps countries can take strengthen surveillance increase capacity local healthcare systems. While there unique risks posed six viruses, ecological epidemiological similarities suggest common mitigate better contain future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Risk assessment of emerging infectious diseases in China under the One Health framework

Science in One Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100104 - 100104

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose significant public health challenges due to increasing interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. The One Health framework, an interdisciplinary collaborative approach, plays a critical role in risk assessment of EIDs. study aims systematically review EIDs China under covering policy support, monitoring systems, implementation methods. Relevant literature official documents 1997 2024 were retrieved from Web Science, PubMed, Scopus, National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, Science Technology Journal Database, government websites. Data synthesized analyze progress, challenges, gaps. There 43 academic studies 31 included this review. found that systems existed across human, animal, environmental sectors China, was advancing intelligent fostering inter-departmental cooperation. However, several remain EIDs, including inadequate for unknown limited capacity building ecosystems insufficiently detailed guidance at county level, barriers cross-sectoral information sharing international levels. findings highlighted need enhance local expand scope disease surveillance aquatic wild strengthen data improve early warning capabilities framework.

Language: Английский

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Visualization of Critical Limits and Critical Values Facilitates Interpretation

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 604 - 604

Published: March 2, 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to analyze critical limit and value test lists from major US medical centers, identify changes in quantitative thresholds since 1990, document notification priorities for qualitative new listings, visualize information alongside clinical pathophysiological trends. Methods: A systematic search was conducted, acquiring 50 of limits values university hospitals, Level 1 trauma centers excellence, high-performing hospitals across the US. Lists were obtained through direct contact or web-accessible postings. Statistical analysis used Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric Student's t-test determine significant differences between 1990 2024 limits. Results: Statistically identified various tests 2024, comprising glucose, calcium, magnesium, CO2 content, blood gas parameters, hematology, coagulation tests. Ranges narrowed several tests, measurands added. Cardiac biomarkers infrequently listed. Point-of-care testing (POCT) listings sparse showed main lab high median glucose Conclusions: Visualizing this has potential benefits, including ease interpretation, which can improve patient care, reduce inconsistencies, enhance efficiency quality healthcare delivery.

Language: Английский

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An overview of Avian Influenza in Colombia: A One Health Perspective on Surveillance, Intervention, and Policy Integration

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Avian influenza (AI) remains a significant global health issue, threatening animal and human populations. While only type A viruses (IAV) are known to infect birds naturally, various combinations of IAV subtypes have been discovered in avian species. This paper consolidates existing research offer comprehensive view the flu situation Colombia. It emphasizes significance embracing One Health approach recognizes interconnected nature human, animal, environmental health. Through enhanced collaboration among veterinary, medical, ecological sectors, manuscript advocates for proactive strategy monitor, mitigate, respond AI outbreaks. document also highlights role migratory potentially spreading across borders, underscoring necessity international cooperation interdisciplinary efforts monitor bird migration patterns, strengthen surveillance measures, minimize transmission risks. The review identifies potential hotspots vulnerable regions susceptible highly pathogenic outbreaks based on specific cases within Insights gathered from this analysis can guide targeted interventions, including early detection systems, vaccination drives, community engagement initiatives. Ultimately, work importance integrating considerations into public policies. By principles, policymakers better anticipate mitigate impact outbreaks, safeguarding both offers valuable insights multifaceted challenges Colombia contributes discourse strategies.

Language: Английский

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