A retrospective longitudinal study of adenovirus group F, norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, and enterovirus nucleic acids in wastewater solids at two wastewater treatment plants: solid-liquid partitioning and relation to clinical testing data

mSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3)

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Enteric infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality, yet clinical surveillance is limited. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used to study community circulation individual enteric viruses panels respiratory diseases, but there limited work studying the concurrent a suite viruses. A retrospective WBE was carried out at two wastewater treatment plants located in California, United States. Using digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we measured concentrations human adenovirus group F, enteroviruses, norovirus genogroups I II, rotavirus nucleic acids solids times per week for 26 months (

Language: Английский

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Pathogenicity and virulence of human adenovirus F41: Possible links to severe hepatitis in children

Virulence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2023

Over 100 human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been isolated and allocated to seven species, A-G. Species F comprises two members-HAdV-F40 HAdV-F41. As their primary site of infection is the gastrointestinal tract they termed, with species A, enteric adenoviruses. HAdV-F40 HAdV-F41 are a common cause gastroenteritis diarrhoea in children. Partly because difficulties propagating viruses laboratory, due restrictions on growth many cell lines, our knowledge properties individual viral proteins limited. However, structure has recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The overall similar those HAdV-C5 HAdV-D26 although some differences. sequence arrangement hexon hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) C-terminal protein IX differ. Variations penton base HVR1 may play role facilitating intestinal cells A unique feature F41, among adenoviruses, presence expression fibre genes, giving long short proteins. This also contribute tropism these viruses. linked recent outbreak severe acute hepatitis "of unknown origin" young Further investigation shown very high prevalence adeno-associated virus-2 liver and/or plasma cohorts patients. These observations proved controversial as had not reported infect AAV-2 generally considered harmless.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Gastroenteric Viruses in Marketed Bivalve Mollusks in the Tourist Cities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2022

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 317 - 317

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of gastroenteric viruses in mussels oysters Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred thirty-four marketed bivalve samples were obtained between January December 2022. The viral analysis was performed according to ISO/TS 15216, screening revealed detection norovirus GII/GI (40.3%), sapovirus (SaV; 12.7%), human mastadenovirus (7.5%), rotavirus A (RVA; 5.9%). In total, 44.8% (60) shellfish tested positive for one or more viruses, 46.7% (28/60) a single agent, 26.7% (16) two agents, 8.3% (5) three 13.3% (8) four agents. Additionally, mussel contaminated with five (5%, 3/60). Norovirus GII showed highest mean load (3.4 × 105 GC/g), followed by SaV (1.4 104 RVA (1.1 (3.9 103 GI (6.7 102 GC/g). Molecular characterization that recovered strains belonged genotypes GII.2, GII.6, GII.9, GII.17, GII.27; GI.1 GIV.1; G6, G8, P[8]-III, types F40 F41. GII.27 characterized this is only strain genotype reported highlights dissemination present commercialized bivalves touristic area, indicating potential risk health contribution propagation emerging pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Demystifying the global outbreak of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88(1), P. 2 - 14

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

The sudden outbreak of severe acute hepatitis unknown aetiology (SAHUA) in the first half 2022 affected more than 1010 children 35 countries worldwide. Dire clinical outcomes, such as liver failure necessitating transplantation, neurological symptoms, long-term sequelae, and death, highlight need to determine pathogenesis this condition. Hypotheses on include adenovirus SARS-CoV-2 infections an aberrant immune response multiple pathogen exposure following lifting lockdown measures but further investigation is required reach informed consensus.

Language: Английский

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Mpox and wastewater surveillance: tracing the spread of a viral outbreak through environmental monitoring

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 245 - 265

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metagenomic and transcriptomic investigation of pediatric acute liver failure cases reveals a common pathway predominated by monocytes

mBio, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

ABSTRACT In 2022, a cluster of severe childhood hepatitis was detected primarily in Europe and North America, leading to global alert by the World Health Organization. An association with adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) conjunction human adenoviruses found. Five percent cases progressed acute liver failure, necessitating transplantation. The mechanism disease that accounts for fulminant failure these patients remains incompletely described. upsurge observed five total presented Dutch national referral center pediatric transplantation spring 2022. in-depth molecular analysis performed using targeted transcriptomics metagenomics identify any present cases, immune profile haplotypes, differentially expressed gene groups. Explanted tissue plasma samples ( n = 15) were subjected viral metagenomic transcriptomic profiling, targeting >600 inflammatory genes. Liver signatures transplanted compared those controls from biobank 6). AAV2, adenoviruses, herpesviruses explant cases. Epstein-Barr varicella zoster infection pathognomonic clinical symptomatology preceded two respective AAV2 one-third control livers. Excessive activation monocyte pathways explants controls. Remarkably, this signature comparable and/or herpesviruses-positive transplant Our multi-omic findings suggest common profile, an upregulation which had similar outcomes. cohort presented, not exclusively associated suggesting other processes may have contributed uniform cascade irreversible pathology. IMPORTANCE Since appearance unknown origin several groups reported high number contrast heterogeneous both species—adenovirus C F—and sequences. mechanisms occurring 5% remain current study adds previous data including during upsurge, enabling analyses inflammation expression profiles different viruses relation This led discovery transcriptome

Language: Английский

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Investigation of an outbreak of novel hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children and adolescents, Ireland, 2021 to 2023

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(14)

Published: April 10, 2025

An outbreak of severe acute hepatitis unknown aetiology in children (HUAC) was reported by the United Kingdom (UK) spring 2022. Within days, a corresponding increase identified Ireland. A multi-agency incident management team (IMT), led Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), established national case definition, trawling questionnaire, testing protocol and communications plan. Between 1 October 2021 12 May 2023, 44 probable three possible cases HUAC were Ireland with median age 3 years. Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2), detected 18 31 cases, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 22 37 most common infectious agents, followed human herpes 7 (18/33) adenovirus (20/44). Immunological findings included leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele 17 32 cases. Autoantibodies found 15 40 patients. Our corroborate those UK, which suggested link between AAV2 another virus, predisposed due to presence particular HLA type. Close collaboration European for Disease Prevention Control (ECDC) World Organization (WHO) invaluable investigation.

Language: Английский

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Postpandemic rebound of adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infections temporally associated with an outbreak of unexplained severe acute hepatitis in children in the United Kingdom

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract Over 1000 cases of unexplained severe acute hepatitis in children have been reported to date worldwide. An association with adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV2) infection, a human parvovirus, prompted us investigate the epidemiology AAV United Kingdom. Three hundred pediatric respiratory samples collected before (April 03, 2009–April 2013) and during 2022) COVID‐19 pandemic were obtained. Wastewater from 50 locations London (August 2021–March 2022). Samples tested for using real‐time polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Selected adenovirus (AdV)‐positive also sequenced. The detection frequency AAV2 was sevenfold higher 2022 compared 2009–2013 (10% vs. 1.4%) highest AdV‐positive negatives (10/37, 27% 5/94, 5.3%, respectively). AAV2‐positive displayed high genetic diversity. sequences either very low or absent wastewater 2021 but increased January peaked March 2022. detected AdV species C, Our findings are consistent expansion population unexposed AAV2, leading greater spread once distancing restrictions lifted.

Language: Английский

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Clinical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of human enteric adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) from children with gastroenteritis during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Infection Genetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 105619 - 105619

Published: June 19, 2024

Human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-F41) usually causes pediatrics gastroenteritis. However, it was reported to be associated with the outbreaks of severe acute hepatitis unknown aetiology (SAHUA) in during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated prevalence enteric HAdV-F41 37,920 paediatric gastroenteritis cases from 2017 2022 Guangzhou, China. All children presented were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 "zero-COVID" period. The main clinical symptom diarrhea (96.5%). No fatalities nor liver abnormal symptoms found. 2021, one year since pandemic COVID-19, abruptly increased 3.71% 8.64% (P < 0.001). circulating worldwide classified into eight different subtypes (G1-G8) based on phylogenetic clustering permutation four capsid genes HAdV-F41. G3 predominant subtype (56.2%; 77/137). CRV5 isolates SAHUA belong subtype, which N312D and H335D mutations short fiber knob identified both Guangzhou isolates, presumably changing virus tropism by directly interacting heparin sulfate (HS) receptor. Additionally, a novel recombinant G6 is unique only China first study. This study highlighting viral evolution finding provide insight characteristics infections as well uncertain role cause SAHUA.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of qPCR for the Selective Detection of Enteric Adenovirus Followed by Sequence-Based Genetic Characterization of F Strains Circulating in Brazil

Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 1016 - 1029

Published: June 27, 2024

Human adenovirus (HAdV) F40/41 is an important pathogen in pediatric acute gastroenteritis cases. However, the diversity of study designs and diagnostic methods often leads to misinterpretations their impact. Our explored genetic HAdV-F40/41 Brazil using a specific qPCR assay for HAdV species F, combined with phylogenetic analysis partial hexon fiber genes. results demonstrated that HAdV-F41 strains predominated exhibited higher than HAdV-F40 strains. Based on gene, Brazilian were grouped into two genome type clusters (GTC), further divided subclusters, most clusteringto GTC2. The shaft region gene conservation among HAdV-F41. F identified HAdV-F additional 31.5% (34/108) previously uncharacterized HAdV-positive samples detected non-specific assay. Both assays strongly correlated detecting HAdV-F, enteric types can enhance surveillance, especially when sequencing not possible. provides novel insights regarding Brazil.

Language: Английский

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