Animals and zoonoses., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Veterinary Science Today, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 6 - 13
Published: March 20, 2025
Introduction . Highly pathogenic avian influenza currently requires the close attention of international community. Determining factors affecting transmission and replication virus in mammals analysing evolutionary processes involved will suggest which lineages have spillover potential infect non-typical hosts, including humans. Objective The paper is aimed at studying epidemic situation mammals, description features epizootic process, retrospective analysis outbreaks hosts. Materials methods study was carried out Information Analysis Centre Veterinary Surveillance Department Federal for Animal Health (Vladimir). data obtained based on statistical from database World Organisation WAHIS scientific publications foreign domestic authors. Cartographic using ArcGIS geographic information system (ESRI, USA). Results H5N1 process 2022–2024 mammalians various families (Bovidae, Mustelidae, Ursidae etc.) disease had not been previously recorded. Strict biosecurity measures updated alert systems are crucial importance to effectively prevent spread disease. In a limited number countries (Bangladesh, Dominican Republic, China, Egypt, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, EU countries, etc.), vaccination has used as preventive emergency measure protect birds influenza. Conclusion Transmission highly different species, livestock, may be start future pandemic. recently recorded indicates emergence adaptive mutations poses threat animal health, public food security biodiversity.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Marine Mammal Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 10, 2025
ABSTRACT The colony of southern elephant seals ( Mirounga leonina ) at Península Valdés (Argentina) grew by 0.9% from 2000 to 2022, reaching a population 18,000 reproductive females. In 2023, an epidemic the High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H5N1 virus led death almost all pups and unknown number adults. We tested five scenarios that included complete pup mortality along with varying levels adult reduced fertility. Newborn had smallest impact on future due high natural mortality. Consequences deaths will not appear until 2027, when those lost would have first reproduced. Scenarios including mature female more severe immediate consequences, reduction in breeding 2024 predicted match flu rate. It took about 10 years for readjust 2022 age distribution. mortality, it take decades return level. 2023 may thus reverse conservation status previously having no threats continued growth.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Viral Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 14, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 10, 2025
ABSTRACT In March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was detected in Texas dairy cattle and has since spread to over 500 herds the United States. Historically, transmission humans occurred because of contact with infected birds, 800 cases have been reported 2003, a mortality rate 52%. Sustained human-to-human not observed. HPAI requires physical containment operational practices be completed level 3 (CL-3) laboratory. To safely bring samples containing inactivated CL-2 laboratories for further analysis, we tested methods inactivation downstream RNA extraction or antibody response assays. Samples A/dairy cattle/Texas/24-008749-002/2024 (H5N1 virus) destined were incubated Buffer AVL (Qiagen) 95% ethanol, RLT 70% ethanol. assays, serum, milk 0.5% vol/vol Triton X-100 at 60°C. We found that ethanol virus supernatant from cells, milk, blood, urine. cell pellet, spiked urine, tissue. Finally, incubation followed by 30 minute heat treatment 60°C completely whey serum. This work is essential allowing safe transfer produced CL-3 lower analyses. IMPORTANCE human infections estimated rates Recently, this spilled into many mammalian species rapidly between States, causing multiple after exposure cows. Characterization imperative reducing risk humans. Work live must undertaken facilities, which limits amount type can done due time-consuming biosafety procedures lack equipment. article, outline how effectively inactivate enable 2 facilities facilitate more efficient on pathogen.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110246 - 110246
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract Wild birds are important hosts of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and play an role in their ecology. The emergence the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5N1 (Gs/GD) lineage marked a shift IAV ecology, leading to recurrent outbreaks mortality wild from 2002 onwards. This has evolved diversified over time, with recent derivative being 2.3.4.4b sub-lineage, which caused significant events bird populations. An clade virus was transmitted into North America Eurasia 2021, first detection Newfoundland Labrador Atlantic Canada, this its reassortants then spread broadly throughout beyond. Following 2021 detection, there have been three additional known incursions Eurasian-origin strains second strain 2022 two H5N5 2023. In study, we document fifth incursion Canada that occurred 2023 by another strain. Quebec, infecting numerous species mammals. Genomic analysis revealed mammalian-adaptive mutations some detected (PB2-E627K PB2-D701N) hemagglutinin (HA) neuraminidase (NA) genes associated enhanced viral fitness avian transmission capabilities. Our findings indicate is continuing circulate wildlife, confirms American entry point for Eurasian IAVs. Continued surveillance genomic IAVs region crucial monitor evolution these assess potential risks wildlife public health.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Virus Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 350, P. 199472 - 199472
Published: Oct. 5, 2024
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus (HPIAV) H5N1 within the genetic clade 2.3.4.4b has emerged in wild birds different regions of world, leading to death >70 million birds. When these strains spread pinniped species a remarkable mortality also been observed. detailed characterization HPIAV isolated from pinnipeds is essential understand potential viruses other mammalian species, including humans. To gain insight into matters phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results studies revealed multiple transmission events all world regions. Different evolutionary histories genes gave rise infecting world. European represent completely lineage South American ones. All bear characteristics highly form for avian poultry. Amino acid substitutions, previously shown confer an adaptive advantage mammals, were observed studied.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b continue to have unprecedented global impacts on wild birds and mammals, with especially significant mortality observed in colonial surface-nesting seabirds some marine mammal species. In July of 2023 HPAIV was detected Caspian terns nesting Rat Island, Washington USA. An estimated 1,800-1,900 adult populated the breeding colony, based aerial photographs taken at start outbreak. On a near-weekly basis throughout August, we counted removed carcasses, euthanized moribund birds, collected swab tissue samples for diagnostic testing next-generation sequencing. We directly 1,101 dead tern adults 520 chicks, indicating minimum 56% loss colony population potential reproductive success. Combining Island HPAI-related deaths recorded elsewhere Oregon, estimate that 10-14% Pacific Flyway lost summer 2023. Comparatively few Glaucous-winged gulls (hybrids) died (~3% local population), although gull chick high. Sixteen harbor seals immediate or nearby area stranded during outbreak, brain and/or lung five seals. These cases are first known detections coast North America. Phylogenetic analyses support occurrence least three independent avian-mammalian virus spillover events (tern seal). Whole genome sequencing indicated may been introduced from Oregon. Ongoing monitoring surveillance environment is necessary understand epidemiology this virus, assess conservation susceptible species, provide data-driven management response actions.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Aug. 8, 2024
Abstract The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H 5 N 1 in dairy cattle raises many questions related to animal health and changes the risk an epidemic humans. We synthesized information currently published fit a compartment model transmission within herd. An accompanying web application allows users run simulations for specific outbreak scenarios. estimated R 0 near 1.2 with short duration infectiousness fast time course farm, which we discuss context possible on-farm control strategies. simulate consequences using herd-specific information, tool propose will help inform stakeholders about potential uncontrolled spread. Our modeling work has identified several key gaps that would strengthen our understanding this emerging infectious disease.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Published: July 14, 2024
Abstract Viral diseases of pinnipeds cause substantial mortality and morbidity can influence population demography. metagenomic studies therefore play an important role in pinniped health assessments disease surveillance relevant to both individual species a ‘One Health’ context. This study used approach with high throughput sequencing make the first assessment viral diversity Caspian seals ( Pusa caspica ), only marine mammal endemic Sea. Sequencing libraries from 35 sampled 2009-2020 were analysed, finding sequences families Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Caliciviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Anelloviridae, Smacoviridae, Cruciviridae Parvoviridae . The similarity contigs seal those recovered other ranged 63.74% (San Miguel sea lion calicivirus) 78.79% (Seal anellovirus 4). Some may represent novel species, but overall, repertoire is similar available viromes pinnipeds. Among partial for influenza B, representing second such molecular identification mammals. work provides foundation further communities seals, more generally, contributes data risk
Language: Английский
Citations
0