Alzheimer s Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: June 26, 2024
Abstract
Background
Recently
developed
blood
markers
for
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
detection
have
high
accuracy
but
usually
require
ultra-sensitive
analytic
tools
not
commonly
available
in
clinical
laboratories,
and
their
performance
practice
is
unknown.
Methods
We
analyzed
plasma
samples
from
290
consecutive
participants
that
underwent
lumbar
puncture
routine
a
specialized
memory
clinic
(66
cognitively
unimpaired,
130
with
mild
cognitive
impairment,
94
dementia).
Participants
were
classified
as
amyloid
positive
(A
+)
or
negative
(A-)
according
to
CSF
Aβ
1–42
/Aβ
1–40
ratio.
Plasma
pTau
217
,
181
measured
the
fully-automated
LUMIPULSE
platform.
used
linear
regression
compare
biomarkers
concentrations
between
A
+
A-
groups,
evaluated
Spearman’s
correlation
performed
ROC
analyses
assess
diagnostic
detect
brain
amyloidosis
determined
by
concordance
of
amyloidosis.
Results
concentration
higher
than
while
ratio
was
lower
compared
A-.
showed
moderate
(Rho
=
0.66
0.69,
respectively).
The
areas
under
curve
discriminate
0.94
(95%
CI
0.92–0.97)
0.88
0.84–0.92)
both
.
Chronic
kidney
(CKD)
related
increased
biomarker
concentrations,
ratios
less
affected.
had
highest
fold
change
(×
3.2)
predictive
capability
discriminating
A-,
having
4–7%
misclassification
rate.
global
using
two-threshold
approach
robust
symptomatic
exceeding
90%.
Conclusion
evaluation
on
an
automated
platform
exhibited
AD
pathophysiology,
excellent
identify
sample
representing
unit.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 93 - 93
Published: Jan. 11, 2024
Recent
advances
in
blood-based
biomarkers
of
Alzheimer’s
Disease
(AD)
show
great
promise
for
clinical
applications,
offering
a
less
invasive
alternative
to
current
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
measures.
However,
the
relationships
between
these
and
specific
cognitive
functions,
as
well
their
utility
predicting
longitudinal
decline,
are
not
yet
fully
understood.
This
descriptive
review
surveys
literature
from
2018
2023,
focusing
on
associations
amyloid-β
(Aβ),
Total
Tau
(t-Tau),
Phosphorylated
(p-Tau),
Neurofilament
Light
(NfL),
Glial
Fibrillary
Acidic
Protein
(GFAP)
with
The
reviewed
studies
heterogeneous,
varying
design
population
(cognitively
unimpaired,
cognitively
impaired,
or
mixed
populations),
results
that
sometimes
conflicting.
Generally,
cognition
positively
correlates
Aβ
levels,
especially
when
evaluated
through
Aβ42/Aβ40
ratio.
In
contrast,
t-Tau,
p-Tau,
Nfl,
GFAP
levels
typically
negative
correlation
performance.
While
p-Tau
measures
generally
exhibit
stronger
functions
compared
other
biomarkers,
no
single
blood
marker
has
emerged
being
predominantly
linked
domain.
These
findings
contribute
our
understanding
complex
relationship
performance
underscore
potential
assessments
cognition.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39(3), P. 313 - 324
Published: March 22, 2024
Recent
technological
advances
have
improved
the
sensitivity
and
specificity
of
blood-based
biomarkers
for
Alzheimer's
disease
related
dementias.
Accurate
quantification
amyloid-ß
peptide,
phosphorylated
tau
(pTau)
isoforms,
as
well
markers
neurodegeneration
(neurofilament
light
chain
[NfL])
neuro-immune
activation
(glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
[GFAP]
chitinase-3-like
1
[YKL-40])
in
blood
has
allowed
researchers
to
characterize
neurobiological
processes
at
scale
a
cost-effective
minimally
invasive
manner.
Although
currently
used
primarily
research
purposes,
these
potential
be
highly
impactful
clinical
setting
-
aiding
diagnosis,
predicting
risk,
monitoring
progression.
Whereas
plasma
NfL
shown
promise
non-specific
marker
neuronal
injury,
pTau181,
pTau217,
pTau231,
GFAP
demonstrated
desirable
levels
identification
individuals
with
pathology
dementia.
In
this
forward
looking
review,
we
(i)
provide
an
overview
most
commonly
dementias,
(ii)
discuss
how
comorbid
medical
conditions,
demographic,
genetic
factors
can
inform
interpretation
biomarkers,
(iii)
describe
ongoing
efforts
move
into
clinic,
(iv)
highlight
central
role
that
neuropsychologists
may
play
contextualizing
communicating
biomarker
results
patients.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(15)
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
Abstract
Amyloid
beta‐protein
(AβA
β
)
is
a
main
hallmark
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
and
low
amount
Aβ
protein
accumulation
appears
to
be
potential
marker
for
AD.
Here,
an
electrochemical
DNA
biosensor
based
on
polyamide/polyaniline
carbon
nanotubes
(PA/PANI‐CNTs)
developed
with
the
aim
diagnosing
AD
early
using
simple,
low‐cost,
accessible
method
rapidly
detect
Aβ42
in
human
blood.
Electrospun
PA
nanofibers
served
as
skeleton
successive
situ
deposition
PANI
CNTs,
which
contribute
both
high
conductivity
abundant
binding
sites
aptamers.
After
aptamers
are
immobilized,
this
aptasensor
exhibits
precise
specific
detection
blood
within
only
4
min
extremely
fast
response
rate,
lower
limit,
excellent
linear
range.
These
findings
make
significant
contribution
advancing
development
serum‐based
techniques
Aβ42,
thereby
paving
way
improved
diagnostic
capabilities
field
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(9), P. 6183 - 6204
Published: July 5, 2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Understanding
longitudinal
change
in
key
plasma
biomarkers
will
aid
detecting
presymptomatic
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
METHODS
Serial
samples
from
424
Wisconsin
Registry
for
Prevention
participants
were
analyzed
phosphorylated‐tau217
(p‐tau217;
ALZpath)
and
other
AD
biomarkers,
to
study
trajectories
relation
disease,
health
factors,
cognitive
decline.
Of
the
participants,
18.6%
with
known
amyloid
status
positive
(A+);
97.2%
cognitively
unimpaired
(CU).
RESULTS
In
CU,
amyloid‐negative
(A–)
subset,
p‐tau217
levels
increased
modestly
age
but
unaffected
by
body
mass
index
kidney
function.
whole
sample,
average
rates
higher
those
who
A+
(e.g.,
simple
slopes(se)
A–
at
60
0.232(0.028)
0.038(0.013))).
High
baseline
predicted
faster
preclinical
DISCUSSION
stands
out
among
markers
its
strong
association
decline,
indicating
potential
early
detection
monitoring
progression.
Highlights
Phosphorylated‐tau217
(p‐tau217)
significantly
different
people
be
positive.
Subtle
age‐related
seen
all
unimpaired.
Kidney
function
not
associated
trajectories.
Higher
was
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40(8), P. 692 - 698
Published: June 18, 2024
Abstract
Alzheimer
disease
(AD)
and
Disease
Related
Dementias
(AD/ADRD)
are
growing
public
health
challenges
globally
affecting
millions
of
older
adults,
necessitating
concerted
efforts
to
advance
our
understanding
management
these
conditions.
AD
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
characterized
pathologically
by
amyloid
plaques
tau
neurofibrillary
tangles
that
the
primary
cause
dementia
in
individuals.
Early
accurate
diagnosis
crucial
for
effective
intervention
treatment
but
has
proven
challenging
accomplish.
Although
testing
brain
pathology
with
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
or
positron
emission
tomography
(PET)
been
available
over
2
decades,
most
patients
never
underwent
this
because
inaccessibility,
high
out‐of‐pocket
costs,
perceived
risks,
lack
AD‐specific
treatments.
However,
recent
years,
rapid
progress
made
developing
blood
biomarkers
AD/ADRD.
Consequently,
have
emerged
as
promising
tools
non‐invasive
cost‐effective
diagnosis,
prognosis,
monitoring
progression.
This
review
presents
evolving
landscape
AD/ADRD
explores
their
potential
applications
clinical
practice
early
detection,
therapeutic
interventions.
It
covers
advances
biomarkers,
including
beta
(Aβ)
peptides,
protein,
neurofilament
light
chain
(NfL),
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP).
also
discusses
diagnostic
prognostic
utility
while
addressing
associated
limitations.
Future
research
directions
rapidly
field
proposed.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 26, 2024
Abstract
Defining
the
progression
of
blood
biomarkers
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
essential
for
targeting
treatments
in
patients
most
likely
to
benefit
from
early
intervention.
We
delineated
temporal
ordering
a
decade
prior
onset
AD
symptoms
participants
Baltimore
Longitudinal
Study
Aging.
show
that
increased
astrocyte
reactivity,
assessed
by
elevated
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP)
levels
an
event
biomarker
changes
preclinical
AD.
In
AD-converters
who
are
initially
cognitively
unimpaired
(N=158,
377
serial
plasma
samples),
higher
GFAP
observed
as
10-years
cognitive
impairment
due
incident
compared
individuals
remain
(CU,
N=160,
379
samples).
Plasma
5-years
and
coincident
with
neuropathologically
confirmed
AD,
relative
normal
intermediate
those
despite
significant
pathology
(asymptomatic
AD).
Higher
at
death
associated
greater
severity
both
neuritic
plaques
neurofibrillary
tangles.
5XFAD
transgenic
model
we
cortex
hippocampus
mice
wild-type
development
impairment.
Reactive
astrocytosis,
established
biological
response
neuronal
injury,
may
be
initiator
pathogenesis
promising
therapeutic
target.
