Vegetarian and vegan diets: benefits and drawbacks

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(36), P. 3423 - 3439

Published: July 14, 2023

Plant-based diets have become increasingly popular thanks to their purported health benefits and more recently for positive environmental impact. Prospective studies suggest that consuming vegetarian is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, dementia, cancer. Data from randomized clinical trials confirmed protective effect the prevention diabetes reductions in weight, blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but date, no data are available event rates cognitive impairment, there very limited Moreover, not all plant-based foods equally healthy. Unhealthy poor specific nutrients (vitamin B12, iron, zinc, calcium) and/or rich highly processed refined increase morbidity mortality. Further mechanistic desirable understand whether advantages healthy, minimally represent an all-or-nothing phenomenon primarily containing small quantities animal products (e.g. pesco-vegetarian or Mediterranean diets) has beneficial, detrimental, neutral effects on cardiometabolic outcomes. Further, warranted enhance our understanding about healthy food patterns biological mechanisms linking dietary factors, CVD, other metabolic diseases.

Language: Английский

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Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Abstract Over the last decades, Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns human all around world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define diet? The myriad scores synthesizes nutritional content diet, but variety aspects are generally unexplored when studying adherence this pattern. Among factors, main characteristics such as consumption fruit vegetables, olive oil, cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, following: (i) specific reference whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs spices often untested exploring diet; (iii) eggs dairy products common foods consumed in region (irrespectively modern demonization fat intake). Another feature includes (red) wine consumption, more general alcohol intake unmeasured, lacking specificity drinking occasion intensity (i.e., during meals). aspects, cooking methods rather simple yet extremely varied. Several related quality food was first investigated: locally produced, minimally processed, preserved with natural fermentation), strongly connected territory limited controlled impact environment. Dietary habits also associated lifestyle behaviors, sleeping patterns, social cultural values, favoring commensality frugality. In conclusion, it is reductive consider just pattern groups decontextualized from geographical background culture. While methodologies study demonstrated useful up date, holistic approach considered future studies aforementioned features values potentially applied globally through concept “Planeterranean” diet.

Language: Английский

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A 5:2 intermittent fasting regimen ameliorates NASH and fibrosis and blunts HCC development via hepatic PPARα and PCK1

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1371 - 1393.e7

Published: May 7, 2024

The role and molecular mechanisms of intermittent fasting (IF) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) its transition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. Here, we identified that an IF 5:2 regimen prevents NASH development as well ameliorates established fibrosis without affecting total calorie intake. Furthermore, the blunted NASH-HCC when applied therapeutically. timing, length, number cycles type diet were critical parameters determining benefits fasting. Combined proteome, transcriptome, metabolome analyses peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) glucocorticoid-signaling-induced PCK1 act co-operatively hepatic executors response. In line with this, PPARα targets reduced human NASH. Notably, only initiated during active phase mice robustly induced glucocorticoid signaling free-fatty-acid-induced signaling. However, hepatocyte-specific deletion partially abrogated contrast, combined knockdown Ppara Pck1 vivo abolished beneficial outcomes against inflammation fibrosis. Moreover, overexpression alone or together lowered triglycerides steatosis. Our data support notion is a promising intervention subsequent liver cancer.

Language: Английский

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Effect of fasting on cancer: A narrative review of scientific evidence

Cancer Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 113(10), P. 3291 - 3302

Published: July 18, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that fasting could play a key role in cancer treatment by fostering conditions limit cells' adaptability, survival, and growth. Fasting increase the effectiveness of treatments adverse events. Yet, we lack an integrated mechanistic model for how these two complicated systems interact, limiting our ability to understand, prevent, treat using fasting. Here, review recent findings at interface oncology metabolism, with emphasis on human clinical studies intermittent We recommend combining prolonged periodic standard conventional therapeutic approach promote cancer-free efficacy reduce side effects patients.

Language: Английский

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Clinical applications of plasma proteomics and peptidomics: Towards precision medicine

PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(6)

Published: May 1, 2022

In the context of precision medicine, disease treatment requires individualized strategies based on underlying molecular characteristics to overcome therapeutic challenges posed by heterogeneity. For this purpose, it is essential develop new biomarkers diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. Plasma an available source that greatly reflects physiological and pathological conditions body. An increasing number studies are focusing proteins peptides, including many involving Human Proteome Project (HPP) Organization (HUPO), proteomics peptidomics techniques emerging as critical tools for developing novel medicine preventative measures. Excitingly, plasma toolbox exhibits a huge potential studying pathogenesis diseases (e.g., COVID-19 cancer), identifying valuable improving clinical management. However, enormous complexity wide dynamic range makes proteome profiling challenging. Herein, we summarize recent advances in with focus their roles cancer research, aiming emphasize significance applications medicine.

Language: Английский

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Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents simple but attractive strategy the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as dietary intervention combating has been extensively studied. practiced millennia, only recently have its roles in molecular clock, gut microbiome, tissue homeostasis function emerged. can slow aging most species protect against These centuried unfading adventures explorations suggest that fasting potential to delay help prevent treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic interventions. In this review, recent animal studies concerning role underlying mechanism physiology pathology are summarized, therapeutic highlighted, combination pharmacological discussed new regimen diseases.

Language: Английский

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Intermittent fasting interventions to leverage metabolic and circadian mechanisms for cancer treatment and supportive care outcomes

JNCI Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(61), P. 84 - 103

Published: May 4, 2023

Abstract Intermittent fasting entails restricting food intake during specific times of day, days the week, religious practice, or surrounding clinically important events. Herein, metabolic and circadian rhythm mechanisms underlying proposed benefits intermittent for cancer population are described. We summarize epidemiological, preclinical, clinical studies in published between January 2020 August 2022 propose avenues future research. An outstanding concern regarding use among patients is that often results caloric restriction, which can put already prone to malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia at risk. Although trials do not yet provide sufficient data support general this summary may be useful patients, caregivers, clinicians who exploring as part their journey outcomes symptom management.

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila: A potential target and pending issues for oncotherapy

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 106916 - 106916

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

In the wake of development metagenomic, metabolomic, and metatranscriptomic approaches, intricate interactions between host various microbes are now being progressively understood. Numerous studies have demonstrated evident changes in gut microbiota during process a variety diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, aging, cancers. Notably, is viewed potential source novel therapeutics. Currently, Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) gaining popularity therapeutic agents that alter affect cancer development. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), representative commensal bacterium, has received substantial attention over past decade promising NGP. The components metabolites A. can directly or indirectly tumorigenesis, particular through its effects on antitumor immunosurveillance, including stimulation pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which also leads to better outcomes situations, prevention curation this article, we systematically summarize role tumorigenesis (involving gastrointestinal non-gastrointestinal cancers) tumor therapy. particular, carefully discuss some critical scientific issues need be solved for future using beneficial bacterium treatment, might provide bright clues assistance application drugs targeting clinical oncotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Risks and Benefits of Intermittent Fasting for the Aging Cardiovascular System

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(8), P. 1445 - 1457

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Population aging and the associated increase in cardiovascular disease rates pose serious threats to global public health. Different forms of fasting have become an increasingly attractive strategy directly address potentially limit or delay onset diseases. A growing number experimental studies clinical trials indicate that amount timing food intake as well daily time window during which is consumed, are crucial determinants Indeed, intermittent counteracts molecular hallmarks promotes different aspects cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure glycemic control, body weight reduction. Here, we summarize current evidence from randomized on composition metabolic risk factors. Moreover, critically discuss preventive therapeutic potential fasting, but also possible detrimental effects context related disease. We delve into physiological mechanisms through might improve raise important factors consider design examining efficacy reduce major adverse events among aged individuals at high conclude despite interest both lay scientific communities health-improving further research efforts appropriate caution warranted before broadly implementing regimens, especially elderly.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Restrictions and Cancer Prevention: State of the Art

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 503 - 503

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Worldwide, almost 10 million cancer deaths occurred in 2022, a number that is expected to rise 16.3 by 2040. Primary prevention has long been acknowledged as crucial approach reducing incidence. In fact, between 30 and 50 percent of all tumors are known be preventable eating healthy diet, staying active, avoiding alcohol, smoking, being overweight. Accordingly, many international organizations have created tumor guidelines, which underlie the importance following diet emphasizes plant-based foods while minimizing consumption red/processed meat, sugars, processed foods, alcohol. However, further research needed define relationship effect specific diets or nutritional components on prevention. Interestingly, reductions food intake dietetic restrictions can extend lifespan yeast, nematodes, flies, rodents. Despite controversial results humans, those approaches potential ameliorate health via direct indirect effects signaling pathways involved onset. Here, we describe latest knowledge cancer-preventive dietary biochemical processes involved. Molecular, preclinical, clinical studies evaluating different fasting strategies will also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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