Cancer statistics, 2024

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 12 - 49

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in United States compiles most recent data on population‐based occurrence outcomes using incidence collected by central registries (through 2020) mortality National Center for Health Statistics 2021). In 2024, 2,001,140 611,720 are projected to occur States. continued decline through 2021, averting over 4 million since 1991 because reductions smoking, earlier detection some cancers, improved treatment options both adjuvant metastatic settings. However, these gains threatened increasing 6 top 10 cancers. Incidence rates increased during 2015–2019 0.6%–1% annually breast, pancreas, uterine corpus cancers 2%–3% prostate, liver (female), kidney, human papillomavirus‐associated oral melanoma. also 1%–2% cervical (ages 30–44 years) colorectal <55 young adults. Colorectal was fourth‐leading cause death men women younger than 50 years late‐1990s but is now first second women. Progress hampered wide persistent disparities; compared White people, two‐fold higher stomach Black people liver, stomach, kidney Native people. Continued national progress will require investment prevention access equitable treatment, especially among Indian Alaska individuals.

Language: Английский

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NCCN Guidelines Insights: Colon Cancer, Version 2.2018

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 359 - 369

Published: April 1, 2018

The NCCN Guidelines for Colon Cancer provide recommendations regarding diagnosis, pathologic staging, surgical management, perioperative treatment, surveillance, management of recurrent and metastatic disease, survivorship. These Insights summarize the Panel discussions 2018 update guidelines risk stratification adjuvant treatment patients with stage III colon cancer,

Language: Английский

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Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 1139 - 1167

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Rectal Cancer focuses on management of malignant polyps and resectable nonmetastatic rectal cancer because important updates have been made to these guidelines. These recent include redrawing algorithms stage II III disease reflect new data supporting increasingly prominent role total neoadjuvant therapy, expanded recommendations short-course radiation therapy techniques, a "watch-and-wait" nonoperative technique patients with that shows complete response therapy. The version Cancer, available online at NCCN.org, covers additional topics including risk assessment, pathology staging, metastatic disease, posttreatment surveillance, treatment recurrent survivorship.

Language: Английский

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Rectal Cancer, Version 2.2015

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 719 - 728

Published: June 1, 2015

The NCCN Guidelines for Rectal Cancer begin with the clinical presentation of patient to primary care physician or gastroenterologist and address diagnosis, pathologic staging, surgical management, perioperative treatment, posttreatment surveillance, management recurrent metastatic disease, survivorship. Panel meets at least annually review comments from reviewers within their institutions, examine relevant new data publications abstracts, reevaluate update recommendations. These Insights summarize major discussion points 2015 meeting. Major topics this year were therapy options surveillance patients stage I through III disease.

Language: Английский

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An evidence-based update on the pharmacological activities and possible molecular targets of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 33 - 33

Published: Dec. 1, 2014

Abstract: Lycium barbarum berries, also named wolfberry, Fructus lycii , and Goji have been used in the People’s Republic of China other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years as a traditional medicinal herb food supplement. L. polysaccharides (LBPs) are primary active components berries reported to possess wide array pharmacological activities. Herein, we update our knowledge on main activities possible molecular targets LBPs. Several clinical studies healthy subjects show that consumption wolfberry juice improves general wellbeing immune functions. LBPs antioxidative antiaging properties different models. antitumor against various types cancer cells inhibit tumor growth nude mice through induction apoptosis cell cycle arrest. may potentiate efficacy lymphokine activated killer/interleukin-2 combination therapy patients. exhibit significant hypoglycemic effects insulin-sensitizing activity by increasing glucose metabolism insulin secretion promoting pancreatic ß-cell proliferation. They protect retinal ganglion experimental models glaucoma. liver from injuries due exposure toxic chemicals or insults. potent immuno-enhancing vitro vivo. Furthermore, neuronal injury loss induced ß-amyloid peptide, glutamate excitotoxicity, ischemic/reperfusion, neurotoxic ameliorate symptoms with Alzheimer’s disease enhance neurogenesis hippocampus subventricular zone, improving learning memory abilities. reduce irradiation- chemotherapy-induced organ toxicities. beneficial male reproduction quality, quantity, motility sperm, sexual performance, protecting testis Moreover, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, antiviral, antiinflammatory There is evidence preclinical supporting therapeutic health-promoting LBPs, but further mechanistic warranted establish dose–response relationships safety profiles Keywords: cancer, apoptosis, antioxidant, ischemic/reperfusion injury, T cell, natural killer, chemotherapy, anti-aging, mechanism

Language: Английский

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Assessing the potential of GPT-4 to perpetuate racial and gender biases in health care: a model evaluation study

The Lancet Digital Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. e12 - e22

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 hold great promise transformative tools in health care, ranging from automating administrative tasks to augmenting clinical decision making. However, these also pose a danger of perpetuating biases and delivering incorrect medical diagnoses, which can have direct, harmful impact on care. We aimed assess whether encodes racial gender that its use

Language: Английский

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Hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer

Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1274 - 1298

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in world. About two third patients with CRC will develop distant recurrence at some point time. Liver site where metastasis takes place. While overall survival (OS) metastatic was poor about 3 decades ago, there has been tremendous improvement this area recent years. With advent effective systemic chemotherapy and biologic agents better understanding biological behaviour tumour, aggressive treatment strategies such as metastatectomy liver metastases (or lung metastases) are now acceptable. More importantly, it transformed way how stage IV CRCs being managed. From predominantly palliative primary aim, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach mainstay very successful outcomes. Combination therapies resection shown to be providing promising benefits. In addition, other adjunctive modalities targeting ablation, combining transarterial chemoembolization, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), hepatic artery perfusion, etc. have also demonstrated variable outcome treating colorectal (CRLM). Very recently, transplant oncologists explored using transplantation modality for unresectable CRLM, which good long-term well selected cases. The new paradigm dawned.

Language: Английский

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A Cell-free DNA Blood-Based Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 390(11), P. 973 - 983

Published: March 13, 2024

Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed in adults United States. Early detection could prevent more than 90% of colorectal cancer-related deaths, yet one screening-eligible population not up to date with screening despite multiple available tests. A blood-based test has potential improve adherence, detect earlier, and reduce mortality.

Language: Английский

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Cancer statistics, 2025

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

ABSTRACT Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in United States compiles most recent data on population‐based occurrence outcomes using incidence collected by central registries (through 2021) mortality National Center for Health Statistics 2022). In 2025, 2,041,910 618,120 are projected to occur States. The rate continued decline through 2022, averting nearly 4.5 million since 1991 because smoking reductions, earlier detection some cancers, improved treatment. Yet alarming disparities persist; Native people bear highest mortality, including rates that two three times those White kidney, liver, stomach, cervical cancers. Similarly, Black have two‐fold higher than prostate, uterine corpus Overall has generally declined men but risen women, narrowing male‐to‐female ratio (RR) from a peak 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–1.61) 1992 1.1 1.12–1.12) 2021. However, women aged 50–64 years already surpassed (832.5 vs. 830.6 per 100,000), younger (younger 50 years) an 82% their male counterparts (141.1 77.4 up 51% 2002. Notably, lung among 65 2021 (15.7 15.4 100,000; RR, 0.98, p = 0.03). summary, continues decline, future gains threatened rampant racial inequalities growing burden disease middle‐aged young adults, especially women. Continued progress will require investment prevention access equitable treatment, individuals.

Language: Английский

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Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(3)

Published: Jan. 7, 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and second common cause cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out which 53,200 succumb to disease in USA alone 2020. CRC‑related ranks among both males females USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; iii) inflammatory pathway. majority cases are sporadic result risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption smoking. also preventable cancer. With widespread screening, incidence have decreased developed countries. However, over past few decades, been on rise young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, increasing developing countries low gross domestic product (GDP) due lifestyle changes. an etiologically heterogeneous classified by tumor location alterations global gene expression. Accumulating genetic epigenetic perturbations aberrations time suppressor genes, oncogenes DNA mismatch repair genes could precursor onset colorectal can divided sporadic, familial, inherited depending origin mutation. Germline mutations APC MLH1 proven play etiological role, resulting predisposition CRC. Genetic dysregulation signaling pathways leading drug resistance, inhibition apoptosis induction proliferation, invasion migration, development metastasis. Timely detection effective precision therapies based present knowledge essential for successful treatment patient survival. review presents incidence, dysregulated targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

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