Hepatocellular carcinoma: updates on epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment

Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global burden, ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality.HCC due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or C (HCV) infection has decreased universal vaccination for HBV and effective antiviral therapy both HCV, but HCC related metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) alcohol-associated (ALD) increasing.Biannual ultrasonography serum α-fetoprotein are primary surveillance tools early detection among high-risk patients (e.g., cirrhosis, HBV).Alternative such blood-based biomarker panels abbreviated MRIs being investigated.Multiphasic CT MRI standard diagnosis, histological confirmation should be considered, especially when inconclusive findings seen on cross-sectional imaging.Staging treatment decisions complex made in multidisciplinary settings, incorporating multiple factors including tumor degree dysfunction, patient performance status, available expertise, preferences.Early-stage best treated with curative options resection, ablation, transplantation.For intermediatestage disease, locoregional therapies primarily recommended although systemic may preferred large intrahepatic burden.In advanced-stage immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimen.In this review article, we discuss recent epidemiology, risk factors, care continuum encompassing surveillance, staging, treatments.

Language: Английский

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Multivitamin supplementation and its impact in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an emerging global health concern with limited therapeutic options. Multivitamins, widely consumed dietary supplements, have been proposed to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially impacting MASLD progression. However, their efficacy in reducing mortality other complications remains unclear. Using data from the UK Biobank 7 years of median follow-up period, this study assessed association between multivitamin use outcomes, including all-cause mortality, liver-related cardio-cerebrovascular (CVD), chronic kidney (CKD), individuals those without disease. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was employed adjust for confounders. Multivitamin users showed a significantly lower risk cohort both before (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.95, P = 0.034) after 0.94, 0.88–1.00, 0.037) IPTW adjustment. also associated CVD 0.72, 0.68–0.76, < 0.001) CKD 0.73, 0.67–0.81, cohort. No significant reduction found or cirrhosis incidence. These findings suggest that multivitamins might provide broader protective effects populations metabolic dysfunction. Further research needed clarify role liver-specific outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a multicenter study

BMC Medical Imaging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) progression using non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) CT angiography (CTA). Patients with AAA age- sex-matched healthy subjects who underwent CTA examination January 2015 2023 from four hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. divided into (growth rate > 10 mL/year) non-progression groups, as well those NAFLD without NAFLD, based on results. Kaplan-Meier Cox regression used progression. A total 151 patients (mean age: 69.1 ± 10.5 years old, 133 men) included, among which 66 (43.7%) had NAFLD. During a median 10.7 months (6.0–76.0 months), 57 (37.7%) prevalence significantly higher in group compared control (43.7% vs. 31.1%, p = 0.024). Multivariable analysis revealed that independently associated (HR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.20–8.31; < 0.001). area under curve combined maximal diameter 0.857 for predicting is an independent predictor It can improve diagnostic efficacy aneurysms. Not applicable. This research retrospective analysis.

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Mortality in NAFLD: How Should We Diagnose It?

Journal of Digestive Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

ABSTRACT Objectives Sarcopenia increases the risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis in patients with fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subsequently, poorly managed NAFLD can result adverse health outcomes. Lifestyle interventions are effective for both sarcopenia; however, diagnosis sarcopenia this population is not well defined. This review aimed to examine current methods diagnose patients. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL databases were searched articles published until July 2023 using terms “Non‐alcoholic disease,” “NAFLD,” “fatty liver,” “sarcopenia,” “myoatrophy.” Studies excluded if they included pediatric populations, did NAFLD, or alternate causes disease. Results Twenty studies, predominantly from Asian countries (14 [70.0%]), involving 68 848 participants (45.5% females) included. In 15 most had a BMI > 25 kg/m 2 . Heterogeneity tools used was identified, abdominal ultrasound being commonly used. European, Asian, Australasian Working Groups differing diagnostic definitions sarcopenia. Of three potential elements (muscle mass, strength, function), all studies measured muscle through bioelectrical impedance analysis (12 [60.0%]). Seven (35.0%) majority ( n = 6) utilizing hand grip strength. Four (20.0%) function, gait speed timed up‐and‐go test. Conclusions The lack standardization concerning. A consistent definition necessary prevent comorbidity overlooked, improve care,

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Strategies to Modulate Gut Microbial Health: Approaches for Chronic Metabolic Disorder Management

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 127 - 127

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Numerous recent studies have suggested that the composition of intestinal microbiota can trigger metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, prediabetes, obesity, syndrome, sarcopenia, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Since then, considerable effort has been made to understand link between well role probiotics in modulation microbiota. The aim this review was summarize reviews individual articles on state art regarding ideal therapy with prebiotics order obtain reversion dysbiosis (alteration microbiota) eubiosis during diseases, diseases. This includes 245 eligible studies. In conclusion, a condition dysbiosis, or general, alteration microbiota, could be implicated development disorders through different mechanisms, mainly linked release pro-inflammatory factors. Several already demonstrated potential using treatment condition, detecting significant improvements specific symptoms These findings reinforce hypothesis lead generalized inflammatory picture negative consequences organs systems. Moreover, confirms beneficial effects diseases are promising, but more research is needed determine optimal probiotic strains, doses, administration forms for conditions.

Language: Английский

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