Coral Reef Mapping with Remote Sensing and Machine Learning: A Nurture and Nature Analysis in Marine Protected Areas DOI Creative Commons
Camila Brasil Louro da Silveira, Gil Marcelo Reuss Strenzel, Mauro Maida

et al.

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 2907 - 2907

Published: July 24, 2021

Mapping habitats is essential to assist strategic decisions regarding the use and protection of coral reefs. Coupled with machine learning (ML) algorithms, remote sensing has allowed detailed mapping reefs at meaningful scales. Here we integrated WorldView-3 Landsat-8 imagery ML techniques produce a map suitable for occurrence model species, hydrocoral Millepora alcicornis, in located inside marine protected areas Northeast Brazil. Conservation management efforts region were also analyzed, integrating human layers ecological seascape. Three applied: two derive base layers, namely geographically weighted regressions bathymetry support vector classifier (SVM) habitat mapping, one build species distribution (MaxEnt) conspicuous important reef-building area. Additionally, was mapped based on presence tourists fishers. SVM yielded 15 benthic classes (e.g., seagrass, sand, coral), an overall accuracy 79%. Bathymetry its derivative depicted topographical complexity The alcicornis identified distance from shore depth as factors limiting settling growth colonies. most variables ecological, showing importance maintaining high biodiversity ecosystem. comparison suitability absence maps indicated impact direct activities potential inhibitors development. Results reinforce establishment no-take zones other protective measures local biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Integrating ecological roles and trophic diversification on coral reefs: multiple lines of evidence identify parrotfishes as microphages DOI
Kendall D. Clements, Donovan P. German,

Jacinthe Piché

et al.

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

Coral reef ecosystems are remarkable for their high productivity in nutrient-poor waters. A proportion of primary production is consumed by the dominant herbivore assemblage, teleost fishes, many which product recent and rapid diversification. Our review synthesis trophodynamics herbivorous fishes suggests that current models underestimate level resource partitioning, thus trophic innovation, this diverse assemblage. We examine several lines evidence including feeding observations, anatomy, biochemical analyses diet, tissue composition digestive processes to show prevailing view (including explicit models) parrotfishes as consumers macroscopic algae incompatible with available data. Instead, data consistent hypothesis most microphages target cyanobacteria other protein-rich autotrophic microorganisms live on (epilithic) or within (endolithic) calcareous substrata, epiphytic seagrasses, endosymbiotic sessile invertebrates. This novel parrotfish biology provides a unified explanation apparently disparate range substrata used parrotfishes, integrates nutrition ecological roles bioerosion sediment transport. Accelerated evolution can now be explained result (1) ability utilize food i.e. microscopic autotrophs; (2) partitioning habitat successional stage.

Language: Английский

Citations

258
Climate Change, Coral Loss, and the Curious Case of the Parrotfish Paradigm: Why Don't Marine Protected Areas Improve Reef Resilience? DOI Open Access
John F. Bruno, Isabelle M. Côté, Lauren T. Toth

et al.

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 307 - 334

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas and implementing fishery restrictions, ways to mitigate stressors limit the effects of climate change on reef-building corals. However, in a literature review, we find little empirical support notion managed resilience. We outline some reasons why protection herbivorous fish (especially parrotfish) had effect coral One key explanation is that impacts (e.g., pollution fishing) are often swamped by much greater ocean warming Another sheer complexity (including numerous context dependencies) five cascading links assumed managed-resilience hypothesis. If reefs cannot be saved actions alone, then it time face reef degradation head-on, directly addressing anthropogenic change—the root cause global decline.

Language: Английский

Citations

257
Biodiversity enhances reef fish biomass and resistance to climate change DOI Open Access
J. Emmett Duffy, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Rick D. Stuart‐Smith

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(22), P. 6230 - 6235

Published: May 16, 2016

Significance Marine fisheries provide a major global source of protein, feeding billions people, but they face destabilization in many regions from overexploitation and climate change. Using the most comprehensive dataset fish diversity abundance, encompassing over 4,500 surveys nearshore habitats around world, we show that biodiversity is among strongest predictors reef community biomass, comparable importance to temperature gradients human impacts. Importantly, diverse communities were more resistant rising variable temperature, suggesting high also buffers against changing climate. Maintaining taxonomically functionally can thus stabilize fisheries’ yields ocean.

Language: Английский

Citations

220
The future of resilience-based management in coral reef ecosystems DOI Creative Commons
Elizabeth Mcleod, Kenneth R. N. Anthony, Peter J. Mumby

et al.

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 291 - 301

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Resilience underpins the sustainability of both ecological and social systems. Extensive loss reef corals following recent mass bleaching events have challenged notion that support system resilience is a viable management strategy. While resilience-based (RBM) cannot prevent damaging effects major disturbances, such as events, it can natural processes promote resistance recovery. Here, we review potential RBM to help sustain coral reefs in 21st century. We explore scope for supporting through existing approaches emerging technologies discuss their opportunities limitations changing climate. argue be effective world, strategies need involve new interventions together reduce stress, fitness populations species, people economies adapt highly altered ecosystem.

Language: Английский

Citations

197
Coral reefs benefit from reduced land–sea impacts under ocean warming DOI Creative Commons
Jamison M. Gove, Gareth J. Williams, Joey Lecky

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7979), P. 536 - 542

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Coral reef ecosystems are being fundamentally restructured by local human impacts and climate-driven marine heatwaves that trigger mass coral bleaching mortality1. Reducing can increase resistance to recovery from bleaching2. However, resource managers lack clear advice on targeted actions best support reefs under climate change3 sector-based governance means most land- sea-based management efforts remain siloed4. Here we combine surveys of change with a unique 20-year time series land-sea encompassed an unprecedented heatwave in Hawai'i. Reefs increased herbivorous fish populations reduced land-based impacts, such as wastewater pollution urban runoff, had positive cover trajectories predisturbance. These also experienced modest reduction mortality following severe heat stress compared enhanced impacts. Scenario modelling indicated simultaneously reducing results three- sixfold greater probability having high reef-builder four years postdisturbance than if either occurred isolation. International protect 30% Earth's land ocean 2030 underway5. Our reveal integrated could help achieve coastal conservation goals provide the opportunity persist our changing climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

52
The parrotfish–coral relationship: refuting the ubiquity of a prevailing paradigm DOI

Garry R. Russ,

Sarah-Lee A. Questel,

Justin R. Rizzari

et al.

Marine Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 162(10), P. 2029 - 2045

Published: Aug. 31, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

155
Indirect effects of overfishing on Caribbean reefs: sponges overgrow reef-building corals DOI Creative Commons
Tse‐Lynn Loh, Steven E. McMurray, Timothy P. Henkel

et al.

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 3, P. e901 - e901

Published: April 28, 2015

Consumer-mediated indirect effects at the community level are difficult to demonstrate empirically. Here, we show an explicit effect of overfishing on competition between sponges and reef-building corals from surveys 69 sites across Caribbean. Leveraging large-scale, long-term removal sponge predators, selected overfished where intensive methods, primarily fish-trapping, have been employed for decades or more, compared them in remote marine protected areas (MPAs) with variable levels enforcement. Sponge-eating fishes (angelfishes parrotfishes) were counted each site, benthos surveyed, coral colonies scored interaction sponges. Overfished had >3 fold more overgrowth by sponges, mean contact was 25.6%, 12.0% less-fished sites. Greater mostly species palatable predators. Palatable faster rates growth reproduction than defended species, which instead make metabolically expensive chemical defenses. These results validate top-down conceptual model ecology Caribbean reefs, as well provide unambiguous justification MPAs protect threatened corals. An unanticipated outcome benthic survey component this study that lower macroalgal cover (23.1% vs. 38.1% sites), a result is contrary prevailing assumptions about seaweed control herbivorous fishes. Because did not quantify herbivores study, interpret caution, but suggest additional large-scale studies comparing intensively MPA warranted examine relative impacts urchins reefs.

Language: Английский

Citations

112
A Vicious Circle? Altered Carbon and Nutrient Cycling May Explain the Low Resilience of Caribbean Coral Reefs DOI Open Access
Joseph R. Pawlik, Deron E. Burkepile, Rebecca Vega Thurber

et al.

BioScience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 66(6), P. 470 - 476

Published: April 27, 2016

Coral reefs are economically important ecosystems that have suffered unprecedented losses of corals in the recent past. Why Caribbean particular transitioned to coral-depleted systems and exhibited less coral resilience? A synthesis research from diverse sources provides novel insights into reciprocal interactions among sponges, seaweeds, microbes. We propose loss resulted more abundant seaweeds release dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is consumed by sponges. Sponges return reef but also nutrients further enhance seaweed growth. Both sponges compete for space with remaining corals, cycling alters microbial activity, negative consequences microbiome. Adding these geographic factors DOC on reefs, such as river discharge windblown dust. Relatively higher abundances absence phototrophic species suggest sponge communities adapted a different nutritional environment than present elsewhere. This sheds new light past hypotheses seeking explain disparity recovery across tropics, directions research, has implications conservation related fisheries watershed management.

Language: Английский

Citations

107
Resource partitioning along multiple niche axes drives functional diversity in parrotfishes on Caribbean coral reefs DOI
Thomas C. Adam, Megan Kelley, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg

et al.

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 179(4), P. 1173 - 1185

Published: Aug. 5, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

98
Coral Reef Resilience, Tipping Points and the Strength of Herbivory DOI Creative Commons
Sally J. Holbrook, Russell J. Schmitt, Thomas C. Adam

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2016

Abstract Coral reefs increasingly are undergoing transitions from coral to macroalgal dominance. Although the functional roles of reef herbivores in controlling algae becoming better understood, identifying possible tipping points herbivory-macroalgae relationships has remained a challenge. Assessment where any ecosystem lies relation coral-to-macroalgae point is fundamental understanding resilience properties, forecasting state shifts, and developing effective management practices. We conducted multi-year field experiment Moorea, French Polynesia estimate these properties. While we found sharp herbivory threshold macroalgae escape control, ambient levels by fishes were well above that needed prevent proliferation macroalgae. These findings consistent with previously observed high fore Moorea. Our approach can identify vulnerable systems urgent need action both forestall shifts preserve properties essential for resilience.

Language: Английский

Citations

96