Alternative states on coral reefs: beyond coral–macroalgal phase shifts

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 376, P. 295 - 306

Published: Nov. 12, 2008

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 376:295-306 (2009) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07815 REVIEW Alternative states on coral reefs: beyond coral–macroalgal phase shifts Albert V. Norström1,2,*, Magnus Nyström1,2, Jerker Lokrantz1,2, Carl Folke2,3 1Natural Resource Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Stockholm Resilience Centre, 3The Beijer Institute, The Royal Swedish Academy Sciences, SE-104 05 *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Degradation reefs is often associated with changes in community structure where macroalgae become dominant benthic life form. These can be difficult reverse. debate reef has not focused reports becoming dominated by other forms following disturbance. A review primary and grey literature indicates that corallimorpharia, soft corals, sponges sea urchins enter an alternative state as a result shift. Shifts triggered pulse disturbances cause large-scale mortality, may stable positive feedback mechanisms. However, they differ from archetypical coral–macroalgae shift, depending factors driving shift; whereas coral–urchin seem driven loss top-down control through overfishing, corallimorpharian, sponge dominance more bottom-up dynamics. Understanding differences similarities mechanisms maintain this variety will aid management aimed at preventing reversing reefs. KEY WORDS: Phase · Coral Corallimorpharia Soft Sponge Urchin barren Full text pdf format PreviousNextCite article as: Norström AV, Nyström M, Lokrantz J, Folke C shifts. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 376:295-306. Export citation Tweet linkedIn Cited Published Vol. 376. Online publication date: February 11, 2009 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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Marine chemical ecology

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 662 - 662

Published: Jan. 1, 2008

Covering: 2006 up to the end of 2007

Language: Английский

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Herbivore species richness and feeding complementarity affect community structure and function on a coral reef

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 105(42), P. 16201 - 16206

Published: Oct. 10, 2008

Consumer effects on prey are well known for cascading through food webs and producing dramatic top-down community structure ecosystem function. Bottom-up of (primary producer) biodiversity also known. However, the role consumer diversity in affecting or function is not understood. Here, we show that herbivore species richness can be critical maintaining coral reefs. In two experiments over 2 years, constructed large cages enclosing single species, equal densities mixed herbivores, excluding herbivores assessed both seaweeds corals. When compared with single-herbivore treatments, mixed-herbivore treatments lowered macroalgal abundance by 54–76%, enhanced cover crustose coralline algae (preferred recruitment sites corals) 52–64%, increased 22%, prevented mortality. Complementary feeding herbivorous fishes drove effects, because macroalgae were unable to effectively deter different strategies. Maintaining appears preserving reefs, complementary diverse produces positive, but indirect, corals, foundation ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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New perspectives on ecological mechanisms affecting coral recruitment on reefs

Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 437 - 457

Published: Jan. 1, 2009

Coral mortality has increased in recent decades, making coral recruitment more important than ever sustaining reef ecosystems and contributing to their resilience.This review summarizes existing information on ecological factors affecting scleractinian recruitment.Successful requires the survival of offspring through sequential life history stages.Larval availability, successful settlement, post-settlement growth are all necessary for addition new individuals a ultimately maintenance or recovery ecosystems.As environmental conditions continue become hostile corals global scale, further research fertilization ecology, connectivity, larval condition, positive negative cues infl uencing substrate selection, ecology will be critical our ability manage these diverse recovery.A better understanding is fundamental management.

Language: Английский

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Capturing the cornerstones of coral reef resilience: linking theory to practice

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 795 - 809

Published: Sept. 30, 2008

Language: Английский

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Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 7, 2015

In the last two decades, genetic and genomic studies have revealed astonishing diversity ubiquity of microorganisms. Emergence expansion human microbiome project has reshaped our thinking about how microbes control host health – not only as pathogens, but also symbionts. coral reef environments, scientists begun to examine role that microorganisms play in life history. Herein we review current literature on coral-microbe interactions within context their evolution, development, ecology. We ask following questions, first posed by McFall-Ngai et al., 2013 animal with specific attention coral-microbial may be affected under future environmental conditions: 1) How do corals affect each other's genomes? 2) does development depend microbial partners? 3) is homeostasis maintained between symbionts? 4) can ecological approaches deepen understanding multiple levels interactions? Elucidating structure function holobiont essential for maintain acclimate changing conditions.

Language: Английский

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Managing resilience to reverse phase shifts in coral reefs

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 541 - 548

Published: Aug. 30, 2013

Both coral‐dominated and degraded reef ecosystems can be resistant to change. Typically, research management have focused on maintaining coral dominance avoiding phase shifts other species compositions, rather than weakening the resilience of already reefs re‐establish dominance. Reversing coral‐reef states will involve reducing local chronic drivers like fishing pressure poor water quality. Reversals also require key ecological processes – such as those performed by different functional groups marine herbivores that both weaken state strengthen state. If detrimental human impacts are reduced enhanced, pulse disturbances, extreme weather events, variability may provide opportunities for a return Critically, achieving these outcomes necessitate diverse range integrated approaches alter interactions with ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification reduces coral recruitment by disrupting intimate larval‐algal settlement interactions

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 338 - 346

Published: Feb. 9, 2012

Ecology Letters (2012) 15 : 338–346 Abstract Successful recruitment in shallow reef ecosystems often involves specific cues that connect planktonic invertebrate larvae with particular crustose coralline algae (CCA) during settlement. While ocean acidification (OA) can reduce larval settlement and the abundance of CCA, impact OA on interactions between their preferred substrate are unknown. Here, we demonstrate CO 2 concentrations (800 1300 μatm) predicted to occur by end this century significantly coral ( Acropora millepora ) CCA cover ≥ 45%. The important for inducing Titanoderma spp., Hydrolithon spp.) were most deleteriously affected OA. Surprisingly, only experimental controls was avoided as p increased, other substrata selected. Our results suggest may population recovery reducing rates, disrupting behaviour, availability desirable algal species successful recruitment.

Language: Английский

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Local conditions magnify coral loss after marine heatwaves

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6545), P. 977 - 980

Published: May 27, 2021

Climate change threatens coral reefs by causing heat stress events that lead to widespread bleaching and mortality. Given the global nature of these mass mortality events, recent studies argue mitigating climate is only path conserve reefs. Using a analysis 223 sites, we show local stressors act synergistically with kill corals. Local factors such as high abundance macroalgae or urchins magnified loss in year after bleaching. Notably, combined effects increasing intensified loss. Our results offer an optimistic premise effective management, alongside efforts mitigate change, can help survive Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Coral indicators of past sea-level change: A global repository of U-series dated benchmarks

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 1 - 56

Published: June 3, 2016

Language: Английский

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