American Journal of Translational Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 736 - 747
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Malignant
tumors
pose
a
significant
threat
to
human
health,
and
conventional
cancer
therapies
are
limited
by
inadequate
targeting,
leading
severe
side
effects.
Exosomes,
as
extracellular
vesicles
mediating
intercellular
communication,
exhibit
advantages
such
low
immunogenicity,
high
biocompatibility,
toxicity.
After
modification,
engineered
exosomes
can
be
employed
targeted
delivery
vehicles
in
tumor
therapy.
This
review
summarizes
the
cellular
origin,
production
methods,
engineering
strategies,
drug-loading
routes
of
exosomes,
discusses
their
applications
treatment,
delves
into
challenges
issues
translating
clinical
practice,
aiming
provide
insights
for
exosome
research.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 3175 - 3199
Published: March 1, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
participate
in
intercellular
communication
and
play
an
essential
role
physiological
pathological
processes.
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
garnered
significant
attention
as
cell-free
therapeutic
alternatives,
vectors
for
drug
gene
delivery,
biomarkers
disease
diagnosis
prognosis,
vaccine
development,
nutraceuticals.
The
biodistribution
of
critically
influences
their
efficacy
toxicity.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
to
discuss
the
main
factors
influencing
unmodified
EVs,
highlighting
distribution
patterns,
advantages,
limitations,
applications
under
different
routes
administration.
addition,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
discussion
currently
available
sources
summarize
current
status
potentials
EVs.
By
optimizing
administration
selecting
appropriate
EV
sources,
aim
offer
valuable
insights
enhance
delivery
efficiency
target
tissues.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
203, P. 114460 - 114460
Published: Aug. 31, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
stands
for
the
most
common
and
aggressive
type
of
brain
tumour
in
adults.
It
is
highly
invasive,
which
explains
its
short
rate
survival.
Little
known
about
risk
factors,
current
therapy
still
ineffective.
Hence,
efforts
are
underway
to
develop
novel
effective
treatment
approaches
against
this
cancer.
Exosomes
being
explored
as
a
promising
strategy
conveying
delivering
therapeutic
cargo
GBM
cells.
They
can
fuse
with
cell
membrane
and,
consequently,
serve
delivery
systems
context.
Due
their
nanoscale
size,
exosomes
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
constitutes
significant
hurdle
chemotherapeutic
drugs
used
GBM.
subsequently
inhibit
oncogenes,
activate
suppressor
genes,
induce
immune
responses,
control
growth.
However,
despite
representing
tool
GBM,
further
research
clinical
studies
regarding
exosome
biology,
engineering,
applications
need
be
completed.
Here,
we
sought
review
application
through
an
in-depth
analysis
scientific
on
entire
process,
from
isolation
purification
design
transformation
into
anti-oncogenic
drug
systems.
Surface
modification
enhance
BBB
penetration
GBM-cell
targeting
also
topic
discussion.
Drug Delivery and Translational Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 3154 - 3168
Published: June 26, 2023
Despite
the
efforts
and
advances
done
in
last
few
decades,
cancer
still
remains
one
of
main
leading
causes
death
worldwide.
Nanomedicine
particular
extracellular
vesicles
are
most
potent
tools
to
improve
effectiveness
anticancer
therapies.
In
these
attempts,
aim
this
work
is
realize
a
hybrid
nanosystem
through
fusion
between
M1
macrophages-derived
(EVs-M1)
thermoresponsive
liposomes,
order
obtain
drug
delivery
system
able
exploit
intrinsic
tumor
targeting
capability
immune
cells
reflected
on
EVs
thermoresponsiveness
synthetic
nanovesicles.
The
obtained
nanocarrier
has
been
physicochemically
characterized,
hybridization
process
validated
by
cytofluorimetric
analysis,
while
was
vitro
confirmed
use
fluorescent
probe.
Tumor
features
nanovesicles
were
vivo
investigated
melanoma-induced
mice
model
monitoring
accumulation
site
live
imaging
showing
higher
properties
compared
both
liposomes
native
EVs.
These
promising
results
ability
combine
advantages
nanotechnologies,
also
highlighting
their
potential
as
effective
safe
personalized
nanomedicine.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: June 18, 2024
Abstract
Introduction
Balloon
flower
root-derived
exosome-like
nanoparticles
(BDEs)
have
recently
been
proposed
as
physiologically
active
molecules
with
no
cytotoxicity.
However,
the
therapeutic
effects
of
drug-induced
hepatotoxicity
BDEs
not
elucidated.
contain
a
large
amount
platycodin
D,
which
is
widely
known
to
be
effective
in
regulating
inflammation
and
ameliorating
systemic
toxicity.
Thus,
main
activity
attributed
inhibiting
inflammatory
response
alleviating
In
this
study,
we
fabricated
hybrid
fused
liposomes
containing
silymarin
(SM)
enhance
synergistic
effect
on
inhibition
acetaminophen-induced
(APAP).
Objective
Considering
potential
BDEs,
achieve
improve
outcomes,
constructed
soy
lecithin-based
liposome
loaded
SM.
Since
can
provide
higher
thermal
stability
greater
structural
integrity,
these
might
more
resistant
clearance
enzymatic
degradation
drug
molecules.
Methods
Hybrid
liposome-loaded
SM
(BDEs@lipo-SM)
were
by
thin-film
hydration
extrusion.
BDEs@lipo-SM
characterized
using
dynamic
light
scattering
high-performance
liquid
chromatography.
After
confirmation
physical
properties
BDEs@lipo-SM,
various
evaluated.
Results
internalized
hepatocytes
immune
cells
significantly
decreased
mRNA
expression
apoptosis
inflammation-relevant
cytokines
hepatocyte
MAPK
pathway.
induced
an
increase
glutathione
levels
inhibited
APAP-induced
hepatotoxicity.
Conclusion
From
know
that
are
reliable
safe
nanovesicles
natural
metabolites
derived
from
balloon
flower,
they
facilitate
intercellular
communication.
also
easily
modified
loading
capacity,
targeting
effects,
long-term
accumulation
vivo.
benefits
for
acute
liver
injury
alleviate
cell
death
They
efficiently
delivered
effectively
inhibit
signaling
pathway
apoptosis,
accelerates
recovery
model.
These
findings
highlight
represent
attractive
delivery
vehicle
delivery.
Graphical
abstract
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(5), P. 1487 - 1487
Published: May 19, 2023
Exosomes
are
extracellular
nanovesicles
commonly
produced
by
mammalian
cells
that
in
recent
years
have
risen
as
a
novel
strategy
for
drug
delivery
systems
and
cancer
therapy
because
of
their
innate
specificity
high
bioavailability.
However,
there
limitations
undermine
potential.
Among
them
is
the
lack
mass
production
capacity
with
current
available
sources
failure
to
reach
intended
therapeutic
effect
insufficient
uptake
or
rapid
clearance
once
administered.
This
review
aims
show
advances
overcoming
these
presenting,
firstly,
reported
strategies
improve
exosome
exosome-like
nanovesicle
extraction
from
possible
eukaryotic
sources,
including
animals,
plants,
protozoa;
secondly,
alternative
modification
methods
functionalize
exosomes
conferring
higher
targeting
protection
organism
defenses,
which
results
an
increase
attachment
ligands
cellular
inorganic
materials.
even
when
might
address
some
obstacles
procurement
use,
still
several
aspects
need
be
addressed,
so
perspectives
matter
also
presented
analyzed
throughout
this
work.
Journal of Functional Biomaterials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 117 - 117
Published: Feb. 19, 2023
Membrane
fusion
is
one
of
the
key
phenomena
in
living
cell
for
maintaining
basic
function
life.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
ability
to
transfer
information
between
cells
through
plasma
membrane
fusion,
making
them
a
promising
tool
diagnostics
and
therapeutics.
This
study
explores
potential
applications
natural
vesicles,
EVs,
their
with
liposomes,
introduces
methodologies
enhancing
process.
EVs
high
loading
capacity,
bio-compatibility,
stability,
ideal
producing
effective
drugs
diagnostics.
The
unique
properties
fused
crucial
design
development
procedures
that
are
necessary
realize
as
drug
carriers
diagnostic
tools
also
examined.
promise
various
stages
disease
management
highlights
role
future
healthcare.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Jan. 10, 2023
Assisted
reproductive
techniques
as
a
new
regenerative
medicine
approach
have
significantly
contributed
to
solving
infertility
problems
that
affect
approximately
15%
of
couples
worldwide.
However,
the
success
rate
an
in
vitro
fertilization
(IVF)
cycle
remains
only
about
20%-30%,
and
75%
these
losses
are
due
implantation
failure
(the
crucial
rate-limiting
step
gestation).
Implantation
abnormal
placenta
formation
mainly
caused
by
defective
adhesion,
invasion,
angiogenesis.
Placental
insufficiency
endangers
both
mother's
fetus's
health.
Therefore,
we
suggested
novel
treatment
strategy
improve
endometrial
receptivity
rate.
In
this
strategy,
regulating
mir-30d
expression
upstream
transcriptomic
modifier
embryo
results
modified
involved
genes
embryonic
angiogenesis
consequently
impedes
failure.
For
purpose,
"scaffold/matrix
attachment
regions
(S/MARs)"
employed
non-viral
episomal
vectors,
transfecting
into
trophoblasts
exosome-liposome
hybrid
carriers.
These
vectors
comprise
CRISPR/dCas9
with
guide
RNA
exclusively
induce
miR-30d
gene
hypoxic
stress
conditions.
order
avoid
concerns
genetic
manipulation,
our
vector
would
be
transfected
specifically
trophoblast
layer
blastocyst
via
binding
Erb-B4
receptors
without
entering
inner
cell
mass.
Additionally,
S/MAR
do
not
integrate
original
DNA.
As
on/off
regulatory
switch,
hypoxia-sensitive
promoter
(HRE)
is
localized
dCas9.
The
increases
before
during
placental
conditions
extinguished
after
hypoxia
elimination.
This
hypothesis
emphasizes
improving
uterine
microenvironment
pregnancy
will
result
increased
reduced
insufficiency,
insight
translational
medicine.
Applied Materials Today,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40, P. 102395 - 102395
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
The
prevalence
of
cancer
on
a
global
scale
has
necessitated
the
development
various
therapeutic
approaches.
However,
effectiveness
and
safety
existing
methods
often
face
some
limitations.
Nanotechnology
emerged
as
solution,
enabling
design
nanosystems
that
can
effectively
deliver
drugs.
These
address
challenges
such
low
drug
stability
solubility,
well
lack
tumor
targetability.
While
nanomaterials
offer
advantages,
certain
nanoparticles
have
their
own
limitations,
which
prompted
researchers
to
explore
innovative
delivery
systems.
One
promising
avenue
is
use
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
are
natural
secreted
by
cells.
EVs
possess
biocompatibility,
stability,
targeting
capabilities,
making
them
ideal
candidates
for
carriers.
still
remain
in
this
field.
include
limited
production
yield,
complexity,
inefficient
cargo
loading,
controlled
release
To
overcome
these
challenges,
been
employing
engineering
techniques
modify
structures
EVs,
enhancing
intrinsic
properties.
Surface
modification
hybrid
systems
combine
with
other
shown
potential
addressing
This
review
focuses
landscape
crucial
role
therapeutics
diagnosis.
It
begins
exploring
biological
functions
properties
EVs.
Additionally,
introduces
strategies
isolating
shedding
light
methodologies
used
harvest
minute
entities.
Finally,
highlights
biomedical
applications
bioengineering
treatment.
