bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 13, 2023
Abstract
The
inflammatory
response
at
the
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
epicenter
and
heightened
macrophage
presence
in
dorsal
root
ganglia
(DRG)
has
been
well
characterized
after
SCI
correlates
with
neuropathic
pain.
CCL2,
a
chemokine
that
acts
as
chemoattractant
neuromodulator,
is
implicated
pain
development,
however,
role
of
CCL2-CCR2
axis
development
not
explored.
Here,
we
examined
signaling
recruitment
to
DRG
prolonged
macrophages
on
persistence
SCI.
Adult
female
Sprague-Dawley
rats
received
moderate,
unilateral
C5
contusion.
Sandwich
ELISA
revealed
CCL2
upregulated
ipsilesional
C7
C8
DRGs
first
24
hours
post
(hpi)
returns
naïve
levels
by
72
hpi.
To
prevent
monocyte-derived
DRG,
additional
vehicle
or
INCB3344,
CCR2
antagonist,
intravenously
time
48
INCB3344
administration
induced
transient
forepaw
allodynia
7dpi
nearly
all
(88%)
compared
only
33%
controls
resolves
partially
28
dpi,
measured
von
Frey
mechanical
conflict
avoidance
paradigms.
As
expected,
qPCR
analyses
whole
reduced
markers
cytokines
7
dpi
treated
rats.
By
there
were
no
significant
differences
between
vehicle-treated
groups,
indicating
SCI-induced
delayed
treatment.
Moreover,
gene
expression
polarity
suggest
pro-inflammatory
environment
28dpi.
ablation
via
liposomal
clodronate
21dpi
did
ameliorate
hypersensitive
behavior,
though
their
reduce
paw
withdrawal
thresholds
previously
demonstrate
behavior.
Collectively,
these
data
driving
pro-reparative
phenotype
may
be
viable
effective
analgesic
strategy
modulating
both
immune
experience
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
30(1), P. 196 - 196
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Pueraria
montana
var.
lobata
(Willd.)
Maesen
&
S.M.Almeida
ex
Sanjappa
Predeep
(P.
lobata)
is
a
medicinal
herb
widely
used
in
the
food
and
pharmaceutical
industries,
studies
have
shown
that
P.
possesses
significant
anti-inflammatory
pharmacological
activities.
In
this
paper,
total
of
16
compounds
were
isolated
identified
from
lobata,
among
which
1–3,
7,
14,
for
first
time.
The
results
an
vitro
activity
screening
assay
showed
1,
4,
6,
8,
15
able
to
significantly
reduce
levels
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
IL-6
IL-1β
LPS-induced
RAW264.7
macrophages,
with
most
obvious
effect
produced
by
compound
6
(formononetin),
while
formononetin
was
number
macrophages
at
site
inflammation
transgenic
zebrafish.
addition,
network
analysis
revealed
closely
related
autophagy
polarization
targets
such
as
TNF,
EGFR,
PTGS2,
ESR1.
validation
experiments
could
enhance
expression
LCII/LCI
P62
protein,
CD86,
CD206,
further
indicated
regulating
macrophage
processes.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: Dec. 14, 2023
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
critical
neurological
condition
that
may
impair
motor,
sensory,
and
autonomous
functions.
At
the
cellular
level,
inflammation,
impairment
of
axonal
regeneration,
neuronal
death
are
responsible
for
SCI-related
complications.
Regarding
high
mortality
morbidity
rates
associated
with
SCI,
there
need
effective
treatment.
Despite
advances
in
SCI
repair,
an
optimal
treatment
complete
recovery
after
has
not
been
found
so
far.
Therefore,
strategy
needed
to
promote
regeneration
repair
SCI.
In
recent
years,
regenerative
treatments
have
become
potential
option
achieving
improved
functional
by
promoting
growth
new
neurons,
protecting
surviving
preventing
additional
damage
spinal
cord.
Transplantation
cells
cells-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
can
be
recovery.
However,
some
limitations
challenges
related
cell-based
strategies.
Ethical
concerns
limited
efficacy
due
low
survival
rate,
immune
rejection,
tumor
formation
therapies.
Using
EVs
helpful
overcome
these
limitations.
It
should
considered
short
half-life,
poor
accumulation,
rapid
clearance,
difficulty
targeting
specific
tissues
EVs-based
Hydrogel-encapsulated
exosomes
enhancing
through
maintaining
their
bioactivity,
from
facilitating
sustained
release
at
target
site.
These
hydrogel-encapsulated
neuroregeneration
improving
recovery,
reducing
This
review
aims
provide
overview
current
research
status,
challenges,
future
clinical
opportunities
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal
stem/stromal
cells
(MSCs)
are
a
valuable
source
of
paracrine
factors,
as
they
have
remarkable
secretory
capacity,
and
there
is
sizeable
knowledge
base
to
develop
industrial
clinical
production
protocols.
Promising
cell‐free
approaches
for
tissue
regeneration
immunomodulation
driving
research
towards
secretome
applications,
among
which
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
steadily
gaining
attention.
However,
the
manufacturing
application
EVs
limited
by
insufficient
yields,
gaps,
low
standardization.
Facing
these
limitations,
hydrogels
represent
versatile
three‐dimensional
(3D)
culture
platform
that
can
incorporate
matrix
(ECM)
components
mimic
natural
stem
cell
environment
in
vitro;
via
niche‐mimicking
properties,
regulate
MSCs’
morphology,
adhesion,
proliferation,
differentiation
secretion
capacities.
impact
hydrogel's
architectural,
biochemical
biomechanical
properties
on
remains
poorly
understood,
field
still
its
infancy
interdependency
parameters
compromises
comparability
studies.
Therefore,
this
review
summarizes
discusses
reported
effects
hydrogel
encapsulation
MSC‐EVs.
Considering
cell‐material
interactions
overall
activity
MSCs,
we
identify
persistent
challenges
from
standardization
process
control,
outline
future
paths
research,
such
synergic
use
bioreactors
enhance
MSC‐EV
generation.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: May 4, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
contain
a
variety
of
proteins
with
anti-inflammatory
and
immunomodulatory
properties
that
offer
promising
benefits
in
skin
therapy
applications.
An
influx
EV
proteomic
studies
recent
years
has
created
the
opportunity
for
detailed
comparison
heterogeneity
between
context
therapeutic
Although
several
process
conditions
are
known
to
cause
variability
EVs,
little
been
done
quantify
impact
these
factors
on
nature
protein
cargo.
This
review
aims
both
compile
publicly
available
proteomics
data
quantitatively
estimate.
cargo-particularly
Of
roughly
400
articles,
52
relevant
were
identified
within
last
15
years.
Across
studies,
40%
13,000
observed
only
single
study.
EVs
general
found
be
highly
variable,
mixed
effects
models
able
account
25-60%
variance
when
considering
such
as
source,
medium,
isolation
method,
LC-MS
ionization,
search
algorithm.
Overall,
MSC-derived
contained
greater
fraction
pathways
associated
wound
healing
(immune
system,
hemostasis,
extracellular
matrix
organization,
cellular
response
stress)
well
most
number
unique
compared
all
other
analysed
EVs.
tool
therapeutics,
overall
cargo
underscores
need
standardized
methodologies
fully
elucidate
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Emerging
from
several
decades
of
extensive
research,
key
genetic
elements
and
biochemical
mechanisms
implicated
in
neuroinflammation
have
been
delineated,
contributing
substantially
to
our
understanding
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs).
In
this
minireview,
we
discuss
data
predominantly
the
past
three
years,
highlighting
pivotal
roles
two
principal
cell
types
neuroinflammation.
The
review
also
underscores
extended
process
peripheral
inflammation
that
predates
symptomatic
onset,
critical
influence
neuroinflammation,
their
dynamic
interplay
pathogenesis
NDDs.
Confronting
these
complex
challenges,
introduce
compelling
evidence
supporting
use
mesenchymal
stem
cell-based
cell-free
therapy.
This
therapeutic
strategy
includes
regulation
microglia
astrocytes,
modulation
nerve
inflammation,
targeted
anti-inflammatory
interventions
specifically
designed
for
NDDs,
while
discussing
engineering
safety
considerations.
innovative
approach
intricately
modulates
immune
system
across
nervous
systems,
with
an
emphasis
on
achieving
superior
penetration
delivery.
insights
offered
by
significant
implications
better
management
Journal of Inflammation Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 17, P. 6827 - 6846
Published: Sept. 1, 2024
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
are
pluripotent
derived
from
mesoderm.
Through
cell-to-cell
contact
or
paracrine
effects,
they
carry
out
biological
tasks
like
immunomodulatory,
anti-inflammatory,
regeneration,
and
repair.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
the
primary
mechanism
for
regulation
of
MSCs.
They
deliver
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
lipids,
other
active
compounds
to
various
tissues
organs,
thus
facilitating
intercellular
communication.
Rheumatic
diseases
may
be
treated
using
MSCs
MSC-derived
EVs
(MSC-EVs)
due
their
immunomodulatory
capabilities,
according
mounting
data.
Since
MSC-EVs
have
low
immunogenicity,
high
stability,
similar
effects
as
themselves,
advantageous
over
cell
therapy
potential
therapeutic
applications
in
rheumatoid
arthritis,
systemic
erythematosus
lupus,
sclerosis,
Sjogren's
syndrome,
diseases.
This
review
integrates
recent
advances
characteristics,
functions,
molecular
mechanisms
rheumatic
provides
a
new
understanding
pathogenesis
MSC-EV-based
treatment
strategies.
Neurobiology of Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
202, P. 106700 - 106700
Published: Oct. 12, 2024
As
a
subset
of
mononuclear
phagocytes
in
the
central
nervous
system,
microglia
play
crucial
role
immune
defense
and
homeostasis
maintenance.
Microglia
can
regulate
their
states
response
to
specific
signals
health
pathology.
Microglia-mediated
neuroinflammation
is
pathological
hallmark
neurodegenerative
diseases,
neurological
damage
tumors,
underscoring
its
key
immunoregulatory
these
conditions.
Intriguingly,
substantial
body
research
has
indicated
that
extracellular
vesicles
mediate
intercellular
communication
by
transporting
cargoes
from
parental
cells,
property
also
reflected
microenvironmental
signaling
networks
involving
microglia.
Based
on
microglial
characteristics,
we
briefly
outline
biological
features
focus
summarizing
integrative
played
maintenance
system
progression
different
diseases.
Extracellular
may
engage
process
as
medium
communication.
Here,
aim
provide
new
insights
for
further
exploration
disease
pathogenesis,
which
theoretical
foundations
cell-free
therapies.
