A gut-derived metabolite alters brain activity and anxiety behaviour in mice

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 602(7898), P. 647 - 653

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 14, 2022

The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the nervous system. During fetal development, initial colonization of coincides with development system in timely, coordinated manner. Emerging studies suggest an active involvement and its metabolic by-products regulating early brain development. However, any disruption during this developmental process can negatively impact functionality, leading to range neurodevelopment neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). In review, we summarize recent evidence as how association major neurodevelopmental psychiatric such autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia. Further, discuss alterations also play role inducing drug resistance affected individuals. We propose model that establishes direct link dysbiosis exacerbated inflammatory state, functional deficits associated NPD. Based existing research, framework whereby diet intervention boost mental wellness subjects call for further research better understanding mechanisms govern gut-brain axis may lead novel approaches study pathophysiology treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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Implications of Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

The morbidity associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing, posing a threat to the mental and physical quality of life humans. crucial effect microbiota on brain physiological processes mediated through bidirectional interaction, termed as gut–brain axis (GBA), which being investigated in studies. Many clinical laboratory trials have indicated importance development NDs via various microbial molecules that transmit from gut across GBA or nervous system. In this review, we summarize implications ND, will be beneficial for understanding etiology progression may turn help developing ND interventions treatments these diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism increasing treatment strategies. this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, hormones, microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, epigenetic regulation gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet nanotechnology application regulate Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. liver-brain contains Aβ future, better interactions will promote development novel preventative strategies discovery precise therapeutic targets multiple diseases.

Language: Английский

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Stress induced microglial activation contributes to depression

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 106145 - 106145

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Associations of neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome with emotional distress in mixed type of irritable bowel syndrome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Abstract Evidence highlights the comorbidity between emotional distress and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) through gut-brain axis. However, underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Thus, present study aimed to evaluate associations among neurotransmitter levels gut microbiome profiles in persons with IBS distress. In this nested case-controlled study, symptoms, including anxiety depressive were evaluated 40 20 healthy controls (HC). Plasma neurotransmitters (serotonin norepinephrine) profile of collected fecal samples examined. Emotional significantly different HC groups. Lower but not significant neurotransmitters’ observed group compared HC. A negative correlation was found norepinephrine alpha diversity (Shannon Simpson indices) group. Moreover, serotonin positively associated abundance Proteobacteria , correlated Bacteroidetes negatively Firmicutes phylum. The demonstrated alteration correlations plasma suggest that may impact regulation neurotransmitters.

Language: Английский

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The gut-brain vascular axis in neuroinflammation

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 101802 - 101802

Published: July 7, 2023

The multifaceted microbiota characterizing our gut plays a crucial role in maintaining immune, metabolic and tissue homeostasis of the intestine as well distal organs, including central nervous system. Microbial dysbiosis is reported several inflammatory intestinal diseases characterized by impairment epithelial vascular barriers, defined leaky gut, it potential danger condition associated with development metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we pointed out strict connection between brain via novel axis. Here want to deepen knowledge on gut-brain axis, particular emphasis microbial dysbiosis, cerebral firm association axis will be summarized context protection, amelioration or boosting Alzheimer, Parkinson, Major depressive Anxiety disorders. Understanding relationship disease pathophysiology, mucosal barrier function host-microbe interaction foster use microbiome biomarker for health target therapeutic nutritional advances.

Language: Английский

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Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Alzheimer’s disease: role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota

Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 101(3), P. 201 - 222

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Abstract Gut microbiota in interaction with intestinal host tissues influences many brain functions and microbial dysbiosis has been linked disorders, such as neuropsychiatric conditions Alzheimer’s disease (AD). l -tryptophan metabolites short-chained fatty acids (SCFA) are major messengers the microbiota-brain axis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) main targets of tryptophan microvessels which possess an enriched expression AhR protein. The Ah receptor is evolutionarily conserved, ligand-activated transcription factor not only a sensor xenobiotic toxins but also pleiotropic regulator both developmental processes age-related tissue degeneration. Major microbiota-produced involve indole derivatives, e.g., 3-pyruvic acid, 3-acetaldehyde, indoxyl sulfate, whereas indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO) intestine cells activate kynurenine (KYN) pathway generating KYN metabolites, activators signaling. Chronic kidney (CKD) increases serum level sulfate promotes AD pathogenesis, it disrupts integrity blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairs cognitive functions. Activation signaling disturbs vascular homeostasis brain; (i) controls blood flow via renin-angiotensin system, (ii) inactivates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thus impairing NO production vasodilatation, (iii) induces oxidative stress, stimulates inflammation, cellular senescence, enhances calcification walls. All these alterations evident cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology. Moreover, can disturb circadian regulation probably affect glymphatic flow. It seems plausible that gut BBB activation aggravates Key messages Dysbiosis associated dementia disease. Tryptophan from host-microbiota to brain. aryl protein blood-brain barrier. inflammation pathology

Language: Английский

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The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 10322 - 10322

Published: June 19, 2023

Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding microbiota. Although composition/function intestinal appears to affect central nervous (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence clearly explains connection between CNS pathology and dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric (ENS) a separate branch autonomic (ANS) largest part peripheral (PNS). It composed vast complex network neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators neurotransmitters, like those found CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections both PNS ANS, ENS also capable some independent activities. This concept, together suggested role played microorganisms metabolome onset progression neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) psychopathological (depression, disorders, autism) diseases, large number investigations exploring functional physiopathological implications microbiota/brain axis.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota in Anxiety and Depression: Unveiling the Relationships and Management Options

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 565 - 565

Published: April 9, 2023

The gut microbiota is critical for maintaining human health and the immunological system. Several neuroscientific studies have shown significance of in developing brain systems. are interconnected a bidirectional relationship, as research on microbiome–gut–brain axis shows. Significant evidence links anxiety depression disorders to community microbes that live gastrointestinal Modified diet, fish omega-3 fatty acid intake, macro- micro-nutrient prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation, 5-HTP regulation may all be utilized alter treatment approach. There few preclinical clinical effectiveness reliability various therapeutic approaches anxiety. This article highlights relevant association with different possibilities modification.

Language: Английский

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