Pharmacological activity of capsaicin: Mechanisms and controversies (Review)

Molecular Medicine Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(3)

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Capsaicin, which is abundant in chili peppers, exerts antioxidative, antitumor, antiulcer and analgesic effects it has demonstrated potential as a treatment for cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, oncological dermatological conditions. Unique among natural irritants, capsaicin initially excites neurons but then 'calms' them into long‑lasting non‑responsiveness. Capsaicin can also promote weight loss, making potentially useful treating obesity. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the therapeutic of capsaicin, including antioxidation, analgesia promotion apoptosis. Some are be mediated by receptor (transient cation channel subfamily V member 1), some independent that receptor. The clinical usefulness limited its short half‑life. present review provided an overview what known about involved certain studies arguing against use were mentioned.

Language: Английский

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Supplementary Treatment for Alleviating Pain and Enhancing Functional Ability in Geriatric Patients with Osteoarthritis

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 127 - 127

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Background and Objectives: A degenerative joint disease that primarily affects elderly individuals, osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain, decreased mobility, a lower quality of life. Procaine is regarded as “veteran” medicine due to its extensive clinical use, although it remains molecule interest, researchers are uncovering new biological pharmacological effects through innovative experimental methods. This study evaluates the efficacy “procaine complex”, developed in our country, alleviating pain improving functionality individuals with knee hip. Materials Methods: We conducted an assessment longitudinal short-term involving 177 patients aged 65 older, who were randomly divided into two groups. One group received physical therapy complex” periarticular injections (n = 101), while other just 76). assessed using visual analog scale (VAS), addition functional evaluations Lequesne Index, Activities Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL) scores. evaluated these CGA (complex geriatric assessment), walk test, “Up Go” Mini Mental State (MMSE) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) for cognitive status. analyzed all data from this PSPP v3 software. Results: The procaine complex treatment exhibited significant reduction (p < 0.001) improvement daily activities relative control group. However, there was no notable difference walking test scores 0.171). No substantial detrimental identified. did not surpass reducing depressive disorders, but both groups showed some enhancement regard. Conclusions: demonstrates approach management by integrating therapy. provides experiencing limitations secure efficacious alternative surgery, or may diminish years disability.

Language: Английский

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The dual role of TRPV1 in peripheral neuropathic pain: pain switches caused by its sensitization or desensitization

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel plays a dual role in peripheral neuropathic pain (NeuP) by acting as “pain switch” through its sensitization and desensitization. Hyperalgesia, commonly resulting from tissue injury or inflammation, involves the of TRPV1 channels, which modulates sensory transmission primary afferent nociceptors to spinal dorsal horn neurons. In chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIPN), is implicated mechanisms due interaction with ion neurotransmitter signaling, oxidative stress. Sensitization root ganglion neurons contributes CIPN development, inhibition channels can reduce mechanical hypersensitivity. diabetic (DPN), involved modulation pathways including reactive oxygen species cytokine production. TRPV1’s TRPA1 further influences chronic onset progression. Therapeutically, capsaicin, agonist, induce analgesia desensitization, while antagonists siRNA targeting show promise preclinical studies. Cannabinoid provides another pathway for alleviating pain. This review summarizes recent research on association NeuP.

Language: Английский

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Novel Drug Targets and Emerging Pharmacotherapies in Neuropathic Pain

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1799 - 1799

Published: June 23, 2023

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition characterized by abnormal signaling within the nervous system, resulting in persistent and often intense sensations of pain. It can arise from various causes, including traumatic nerve injury, neuropathy, certain diseases. We present an overview current emerging pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain, focusing on novel drug targets potential therapeutic agents. Current pharmacotherapies, tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentinoids, serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors, are discussed, as treatments, such ambroxol, cannabidiol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Additionally, article highlights need further research this field to identify new develop more effective targeted therapies management.

Language: Английский

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Ion Channel Disturbances in Migraine Headache: Exploring the Potential Role of the Kynurenine System in the Context of the Trigeminovascular System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16574 - 16574

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Migraine is a primary headache disorder, which an enormous burden to the healthcare system. While some aspects of pathomechanism migraines remain unknown, most accepted theory that activation and sensitization trigeminovascular system are essential during migraine attacks. In recent decades, it has been suggested ion channels may be important participants in pathogenesis migraine. Numerous expressed peripheral central nervous systems, including system, affecting neuron excitability, synaptic energy homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, pain sensation. Dysfunction could result neuronal excitability or sensitization. This narrative review covers current understanding biological mechanisms leading pathway, with focus on findings channel modulation. Furthermore, we kynurenine pathway since this contains kynurenic acid, endogenous glutamate receptor antagonist substance, role pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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PolyphyllinVI alleviates the spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain based on P2X3 receptor-mediated the release of inflammatory mediators

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 325, P. 117886 - 117886

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Roles of non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, in pathogenic mechanisms behind chronic pain: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 141945 - 141945

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The “brain-gut” mechanism of postherpetic neuralgia: a mini-review

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 10, 2025

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a representative type of neuropathic pain, has attracted much research on its diagnosis and therapy at the molecular level. Interestingly, this study based brain-gut axis provided novel point view to interpret mechanism PHN. Past neuroanatomical neuroimaging studies pain suggest that prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate amygdala, other regions brain may play crucial roles in descending inhibition Dominant bacterial species patients with PHN, such as Lactobacillus, generate short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate. Evidence indicates disturbance some metabolites (such butyrate) is closely related development hyperalgesia. In addition, tryptophan 5-HT intestinal tract act neurotransmitters regulate transmission signals. Concurrently, enteric nervous system establishes close connections central through vagus nerve pathways. This review aims investigate elucidate mechanisms associated focusing interplay among gut microbiota, relevant while scrutinizing pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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Considering Long-Acting Synthetic Cannabidiol for Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Chronic pain is prevalent and challenging to treat. Cannabinoids, in particular cannabidiol (CBD), have been evaluated as analgesics without the issues of tolerance or dependence. Side effects tend be mild infrequent. These products multiple routes administration composition, some are available over counter, allowing patients self-medicate. Most self-medicated CBD plant-derived extracts administered either oils, pills, by inhalation. During early 1960s, was chemically synthesized for first time, but it not yet approved medical use; synthetic has continues studied clinical trials numerous indications, including chronic pain, neuropathic cancer. However, studies often small, populations heterogeneous, results equivocal. Research lively, with 60 reported on ClinicalTrials.gov. Multimodal therapy may hold promise, particularly combination palmitoylethanolamide. Greater patient education training physicians other healthcare providers needed along more comprehensive studies. Considering problem further intensive study control warranted meet this unmet need. This important context long-lasting methods that enable easy dosing support long-term use dealing persistent debilitating symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Beyond the lungs: Exploring diverse applications of bromhexine and ambroxol

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 353, P. 122909 - 122909

Published: July 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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