Unraveling the tumor microenvironment: Insights into cancer metastasis and therapeutic strategies

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 591, P. 216894 - 216894

Published: April 16, 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer metastasis and therapeutic response, offering fresh insights intricate interplay between cells their surrounding milieu. The TME, a dynamic ecosystem comprising diverse cellular acellular elements, not only fosters progression but also profoundly affects efficacy conventional emerging therapies. Through nuanced exploration, this illuminates multifaceted nature elucidating its capacity to engender drug resistance via mechanisms such as hypoxia, immune evasion, establishment physical barriers delivery. Moreover, it investigates innovative approaches aimed at targeting including stromal reprogramming, modulation, extracellular matrix (ECM)-targeting agents, personalized medicine strategies, highlighting potential augment treatment outcomes. Furthermore, critically evaluates challenges posed by complexity heterogeneity which contribute variable responses potentially unintended consequences. underscores need identify robust biomarkers advance predictive models anticipate outcomes, well advocate for combination therapies that address multiple facets TME. Finally, emphasizes necessity an interdisciplinary approach integration cutting-edge technologies unravel intricacies thereby facilitating development more effective, adaptable, treatments. By providing critical current state TME research implications future oncology, highlights evolving landscape field.

Language: Английский

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Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy

Biological Procedures Online, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: May 27, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. can be derived from cells well cellular components tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range bioactive cargos ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released act through variety mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks cancer. Moreover, owing their excellent biocompatibility capability being easily engineered modified, currently exploited promising platform for targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize current knowledge roles risk etiology, initiation progression cancer, underlying molecular mechanisms. aptamer-modified exosome therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss future directions emerging biology perspective

Language: Английский

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Induction Radiochemotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: Long-Term Outcomes from a Single-Center Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 394 - 394

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Background/Objectives: The management of esophageal cancer (EC) remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly in optimizing therapeutic strategies for different stages and subgroups. This study assessed the impact preoperative radiochemotherapy (CRT) on staging identified subgroups whom definitive CRT (dCRT) may provide favorable alternative to surgery. Methods: Sixty-one patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Pre-treatment included computed tomography, gastroscopy biopsy, comprehensive laboratory evaluations. Patients received following CROSS dCRT protocols based tumor stage. Surgical approaches staged esophagectomy single-stage Ivor Lewis procedures. Four declined surgery treated dCRT. Postoperative outcomes evaluated using pTNM classification. Follow-up imaging endoscopic surveillance. Statistical analyses changes factors influencing treatment outcomes. Results: significantly reduced T stage across entire cohort (p = 0.0002), complete pathological response (pT0N0M0) observed 54.5% induction 0.0001). Male demonstrated reduction 0.0008), while similar trend females was not 0.068). Among declining surgery, acceptable oncologic control over mean follow-up 4 ± 0.79 years. Conclusions: Preoperative effectively downstages EC achieves high rates response, especially male patients. Therefore, be viable selected patients, emphasizing need individualized optimize These findings underscore importance refining multimodal care.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Timing the Combination of Radiotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitors on Outcomes in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 12, P. 123 - 134

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Purpose:The optimal timing for combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy in patients hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain and affects treatment efficacy patient outcomes.This study aimed to evaluate compare the treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of synchronously administered programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 inhibitors sequential administration HCC.Patients Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 67 HCC who were undergoing liver PD-1 inhibitor therapy at two medical centers between July 2017 April 2023.Additionally, we created an experimental tumor model using 6-week-old female mice validate our findings.Results: In concurrent group, median overall survival was indefinite; however, it 13 months group (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7-19.3months, P=0.010).The progression-free significantly longer (12 months, 95% CI 9.5-14.5 months) than (7 1.3-12.7 months; P=0.043).Grade 3/4 TRAEs occurred 30.4% (concurrent) 28.6% (sequential) without any deaths.In mouse model, synchronous inhibited growth compared (293.4±45.18mm 3 versus 602.7 ±41.68 mm ; P=0.001).Flow cytometry revealed increased Tregs/CD3 + T ratio a decreased CD8 /Treg postradiotherapy, suggesting immunosuppressive microenvironment.Conclusion: Synchronous demonstrated superior treating treatment, manageable events.The rapid increase Tregs after may contribute reduced plus inhibitors.

Language: Английский

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The Role of cGAS-STING in Remodeling the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Induced by Radiotherapy

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 104658 - 104658

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Immunological Effects of Proton Radiotherapy: New Opportunities and Challenges in Cancer Therapy

Cancer Innovation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: March 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Radiation therapy can be categorised by particle type into photon, proton and heavy ion therapies. Proton radiotherapy is highlighted due to its unique physical properties, such as the Bragg peak minimal exit dose, which offer superior dose distribution. This makes especially advantageous for treating tumours near vital organs with complex structures, gliomas brain, nasopharyngeal carcinoma brainstem mediastinal heart. irradiation induce distant effects through immunogenicity within target area. The reduced low‐dose zone outside provides better lymphatic system protection immune benefits. Additionally, combining immunotherapy may further biological advantages. These features make a promising option in cancer treatment. article aid understanding of lead new effective options tumour

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: opportunities and challenges in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance cancer therapy efficacy improving targeting, reducing toxicity, enabling multifunctional applications. This review highlights some key types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymeric metallic dendrimers, quantum dots, which could effectively improve the various drugs used in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, offering more precise effective options. With ability stability overcome biological barriers, nanoparticle-based represent transformative for ESCC treatment. Despite challenges, such biocompatibility scalability, future holds great promise, particularly development personalized nanomedicine novel therapeutic approaches targeting tumor microenvironment. ongoing advancements, hold immense potential revolutionize patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Under Radiation Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2795 - 2795

Published: March 20, 2025

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of characterized by the absence estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER2 expression. While TNBC relatively less common, accounting for only 10–15% initial diagnosis, due to its nature, it carries a worse prognosis in comparison hormone receptor-positive counterparts. Despite significant advancements screening, treatment cancer, remains important public health burden. Following with chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, over 40% patients experience relapse within 3 years achieve least benefit from post-mastectomy radiation. The tumor microenvironment environment (TME) pivotal initiation, progression, immune evasion, resistance, prognosis. TME complex network that consists cells, non-immune soluble factors located region adjacent modulates therapeutic response differentially between TNBC. mechanisms underlying radiation resistance remain unclear, immunosuppressive has been implicated chemotherapeutic resistance. Radiation therapy (RT) known alter TME; however, changes elicited are poorly date, whether these contribute unknown. This review delves into distinct characteristics TME, explores how RT influences dynamics, examines radiosensitization, radioresistance, responses.

Language: Английский

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A Boolean network model of hypoxia, mechanosensing and TGF-β signaling captures the role of phenotypic plasticity and mutations in tumor metastasis

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. e1012735 - e1012735

Published: April 16, 2025

The tumor microenvironment aids cancer progression by promoting several hallmarks, independent of cancer-related mutations. Biophysical properties this environment, such as the stiffness matrix cells adhere to and local cell density, impact proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). latter is a rate-limiting step for invasion metastasis, enhanced in hypoxic environments but hindered soft matrices and/or high densities. As these influences are often studied isolation, crosstalk between hypoxia, biomechanical signals, classic EMT driver TGF-β not well mapped, limiting our ability predict anticipate behaviors changing environments. To address this, we built Boolean regulatory network model that integrates signaling with mechanosensitive EMT, which includes EMT-promoting mitogens cycle control, apoptosis. Our reproduces requirement Hif-1α anti-proliferative effects strong stabilization during protection from anoikis, hypoxia-driven EMT. We offer experimentally testable predictions about effect VHL loss on or without secondary oncogene activation. Taken together, serves predictive framework synthesize responses associated metastasis healthy vs. mutant cells. single-cell key towards more extensive models cover damage-response senescence, integrating most cell-autonomous hallmarks into single can, turn, control behavior silico within tissue homeostasis carcinoma.

Language: Английский

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A new target of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: regulatory T cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Radiotherapy is one important treatment for malignant tumours. It widely believed today that radiotherapy has not only been used as a local tumour method, but also can induce systemic anti-tumour responses by influencing the microenvironment, its efficacy limited immunosuppression microenvironment. With advancement of technology, immunotherapy entered golden age rapid development, gradually occupying place in clinical treatment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) distributing microenvironment play an role mediating development. This article analyzes immunotherapy, interaction between Tregs, tumours and radiotherapy. briefly introduces immunotherapies targeting aiming to provide new strategies combined with Immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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