Melanin Biopolymers in Pharmacology and Medicine—Skin Pigmentation Disorders, Implications for Drug Action, Adverse Effects and Therapy

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 521 - 521

Published: April 18, 2024

Melanins are biopolymeric pigments formed by a multi-step oxidation process of tyrosine in highly specialized cells called melanocytes. Melanin mainly found the skin, iris, hair follicles, and inner ear. The photoprotective properties melanin biopolymers have been linked to their perinuclear localization protect DNA, but ability scavenge metal ions antioxidant has also noted. Interactions between drugs melanins clinical relevance. formation drug–melanin complexes can affect both efficacy pharmacotherapy occurrence adverse effects such as phototoxic reactions discoloration. Because amount type synthesized body is subject multifactorial regulation—determined internal factors genetic predisposition, inflammation, hormonal balance external contact with allergens or exposure UV radiation—different on melanogenesis be observed. These directly influence skin pigmentation disorders, resulting hypopigmentation hyperpigmentation acquired nature. In this review, we will present information melanocyte biology, melanogenesis, pharmacological parameters during pharmacotherapy. addition, types color special emphasis development, symptoms, methods treatment, presented article.

Language: Английский

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Recent clinical and mechanistic insights into vitiligo offer new treatment options for cell-specific autoimmunity

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 135(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that has been recognized, stigmatized, and treated for millennia. Recent translational research revealed key mechanisms of disease, including cellular stress, innate immune activation, T cell-mediated elimination melanocytes from the skin resulting in clinically apparent white spots, as well stem cell regeneration reverses established lesions. Many these pathways have targeted therapeutically, leading to first FDA-approved medication reverse with many more clinical trials. Despite impressive advances, questions remain, which will be answered through integration additional basic, translational, studies. This vitiligo revolution led great excitement individuals vitiligo, those who know them, dermatologists care their patients. But just importantly, advances potential shed light on diseases are difficult study, possibly treatment could not achieved otherwise.

Language: Английский

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The potential use of the standardized Euterpe oleracea (açaí) seed extract in cosmetic products

International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Objective The açaí ( Euterpe oleracea ), a palm tree fruit native to the Amazon region, holds significant potential for various applications in food, therapeutics and cosmetics. However, seeds of fruit, known contain numerous antioxidants, are discarded frequently cause environmental pollution. Therefore, this study aimed explore application standardized extract (TI‐35) as cosmetic product. Methods Açai were obtained from commercial source. Following preparations phytochemical identification quantification main constituents present (TI‐35), several vitro studies performed using human cell line cultures. TI‐35 was evaluated on viability (human keratinocytes, fibroblasts melanocytes), proliferation (keratinocytes), antioxidant activity (keratinocytes fibroblasts), melanin content (melanocytes), metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) tyrosinase inhibition assays. Skin irritation assessed reconstructed epidermis mutagenic evaluated, according OECD 439 471, respectively. Results A total 14 constituents, mainly phenolic compounds, identified quantified TI‐35. It demonstrated excellent long‐lasting stability exhibited intrinsic surpassing that ascorbic acid. At low concentrations (up 10 μg/mL), did not change or proliferation. decreased basal reactive oxygen species production produced pronounced scavenging effects. Notably, caused MMP‐1 its effect more when compared with either acid ferulic acid, highlighting pro‐aging property. In addition, interfere levels have skin has no activity, providing solid assurance safety E. use. Conclusion TI‐35, sourced seeds, by‐product food industry, noteworthy pharmacological properties vitro, including antioxidant, photoprotective, soothing sagging Thus, emerges safe option development innovative products.

Language: Английский

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Melanin and Neurotransmitter Signalling Genes Are Differentially Co‐Expressed in Growing Feathers of White and Rufous Barn Owls

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(2)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Regulation of melanin-based pigmentation is complex, involving multiple genes. Because different genes can contribute to the same phenotype, identified in model organisms may not necessarily apply wild species. In barn owl (Tyto alba), ventral plumage colour ranges from white rufous, with genetic variation melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) accounting for at least a third this variation. present study, we used transcriptomic data compare expression profiles growing feathers nestlings MC1R genotypes. We 21 differentially expressed genes, nine which are involved melanogenesis, while seven related neurotransmitter function or synaptic activity. With exception CALB1, all were upregulated rufous owls compared owls. To best our knowledge, study first link melanin production neurotransmitter-related and discuss possible evolutionary explanations connection.

Language: Английский

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Implication of Immunobiological Function of Melanocytes in Dermatology

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 68(1)

Published: March 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metformin inhibits melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer through the cAMP pathway

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metformin inhibits melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer through the cAMP pathway

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Several studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of metformin on pigmentation. However, melanosome transfer remains unknown. The goals this study were to elucidate effects melanogenesis and explore related mechanisms. We determined that, compared with those in control zebrafish, area occupied by pigment granules, melanin content, tyrosinase activity, expression levels genes transfer-related reduced metformin-treated zebrafish. In human primary melanocytes, MNT1 cells/B16F10 cells, also plays a negative role synthesis regardless health status α-MSH-induced Unlike arbutin, inhibited formation dendrites filopodia-like structures suppressed transfer. After treatment metformin, cAMP content was reduced, MITF downstream molecules downregulated, Rho GTPases changed. Furthermore, partially abrogated changes regulating synthesis, cytoskeleton induced activator. Our revealed that can serve as candidate depigmentation agent.

Language: Английский

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A PAX3 insertion in the Celestial breed and certain feline breeding lines with dominant blue eyes

Animal Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(4), P. 670 - 675

Published: April 22, 2024

During the last 60 years many inherited traits in domestic outbred cats were selected and retained giving birth to new breeds characterised by singular coat or morphological phenotypes. Among them, minimal white spotting associated with blue eyes was feline breeders create Altai, Topaz, Celestial breeds. Various established also introduced this trait their lineages. The trait, that confirmed as autosomal dominant breeding data, first described from Kazakhstan Russia, British shorthair longhair Maine Coon Netherlands, suggesting different founding effects. Using a genome-wide association study we identified single region on chromosome C1 phenotype (also called DBE for eyes) French breed. Within Paired Box 3 (PAX3) strongest candidate gene, since PAX3 is key regulator of MITF (Melanocyte-Inducing Transcription Factor) variants have been previously various species showing without including mouse horse. Whole genome sequencing cat revealed an endogenous retrovirus LTR (long terminal repeat) insertion within intron 4 known contain regulatory sequences (conserved non-coding element [CNE]) involved expression. vicinity CNE2 CNE3. All 52 Celestial-mixed presented insertion, absent 22 non-DBE littermates 87 founder heterozygous insertion. Additionally, variant found nine related four Siberian uncertain origin. Segregation breed consistent inheritance does not appear be deafness. We propose NC_018730.3:g.206974029_206974030insN[395] represents

Language: Английский

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Dynamic changes in the skin transcriptome for the melanin pigmentation in embryonic chickens

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 104(1), P. 104210 - 104210

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Dermal hyperpigmentation stands out among the various skin pigmentation phenotypes in chickens, where most other variants affect feather color and patterning predominantly. Despite numerous black chicken breeds worldwide, only a select few exhibit comprehensive pigmentation, which encompasses skin, meat, flesh, bones. The process of melanin is intricate develops successively. Historically, research has concentrated primarily on specific developmental points or stages, but fewer studies have examined entire transcriptome across timeline development embryo integument. In our investigation, we undertook sequencing samples from day 4 to 13 incubation. Our results showed that melanoblasts continued migrate E4 epidermis until E12. Beginning with E6, was synthesized transferred epidermal cells follicles large quantities, genes such as DCT, TYR, TYRP1, MITF played key role this process, significantly different white-skinned chickens. There were 854 differentially expressed between E7 E8. At stage, melanocytes formed dendritic forms keratinocytes, while dorsal became visibly dark. addition, CDH3 , core factor involved variety biological processes, may an important impact pigmentation. Collectively, findings unveiled phased relationship canonical pathway non-canonical E13. These analyses illuminated gene regulatory mechanism provided foundational data pertained

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Motility in Mouse Embryonic Melanocytic Precursor Cells

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 135 - 148

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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