Possible Mechanisms of SARS-CoV2-Mediated Myocardial Injury DOI Creative Commons
Bing Yu,

Yalin Wu,

Xiaosu Song

et al.

Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly become a global health emergency. In addition to causing effects, SARS-CoV-2 can result in cardiac involvement leading myocardial damage, which is increasingly being explored the literature. Myocardial injury an important pathogenic feature of COVID-19. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor plays key role pathogenesis virus, serving as “bridge” allowing invade body. However, exact mechanism underlying how causes remains unclear. This review summarizes main possible mechanisms patients with COVID-19, including direct cell injury, microvascular dysfunction, cytokine responses and systemic inflammation, hypoxemia, stress responses, drug-induced injury. Understanding would aid proper identification treatment

Language: Английский

Advances in developing ACE2 derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Haoran Zhang, Panjing Lv,

Jingrui Jiang

et al.

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. e369 - e378

Published: March 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

39
Low vitamin D levels predict outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with both severe and non-severe disease at hospitalization DOI Open Access
Luigi di Filippo,

Melin Uygur,

Massimo Locatelli

et al.

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(3), P. 669 - 683

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

35
The role of high cholesterol in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity DOI Creative Commons
Hao Wang, Zixuan Yuan, Mahmud Arif Pavel

et al.

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 299(6), P. 104763 - 104763

Published: April 28, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus binds to angiotensinogen converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which mediates viral entry into mammalian cells. COVID-19 notably in the elderly and those with underlying chronic conditions. cause of selective severity not well understood. Here we show cholesterol signaling lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) regulate infectivity through localization ACE2's nanoscopic (<200 nm) clusters. Uptake cell membranes (a condition common disease) causes ACE2 move from PIP2 lipids endocytic ganglioside (GM1) lipids, where optimally located for entry. In mice, age high-fat diet increase lung tissue up 40%. And smokers disease, elevated 2-fold, magnitude change that dramatically increases culture. We conclude increasing location near may help explain aged diseased populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
COVID-19 in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis DOI Creative Commons
Vignesh Chidambaram,

Amudha Kumar,

Murrium I. Sadaf

et al.

JACC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(8), P. 101107 - 101107

Published: July 17, 2024

The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite significant efforts to reduce traditional risk factors. Premature subclinical atherosclerosis has been documented association with several viral infections. magnitude the recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted need understand between SARS-CoV-2 atherosclerosis. This review examines various pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, inflammatory immune hyperactivation triggered by infection, specific attention on their roles initiating promoting progression lesions. Additionally, it addresses pathogenic mechanisms which post-acute phase may contribute development vascular disease. Understanding overlap these syndromes enable novel therapeutic strategies. We further explore for guidelines closer follow-up often-overlooked evidence among patients COVID-19, particularly those cardiometabolic

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Antiviral activity of an ACE2-Fc fusion protein against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants DOI Creative Commons
Ernesto Bermúdez-Abreut,

Talia Fundora-Barrios,

Diana Rosa Hernández Fernández

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0312402 - e0312402

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 has continued spreading around the world in recent years since initial outbreak 2019, frequently developing into new variants with greater human infectious capacity. and its mutants use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cellular entry receptor, which triggered several therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 relying on of ACE2 recombinant proteins decoy receptors. In this work, we propose an silent Fc fusion protein (ACE2-hFcLALA) candidate therapy COVID-19. This was able to block binding RBD receptor measured by ELISA flow cytometry inhibition assays. Moreover, used classical neutralization assays progeny assay show that ACE2-hFcLALA is capable neutralizing authentic virus. Additionally, found more effective preventing vitro infection different interest ( alpha , beta delta omicron ) compared D614G strain. Our results suggest potential molecule be both preventive settings current emerging gateway cells.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
S Protein, ACE2 and Host Cell Proteases in SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry and Infectivity; Is Soluble ACE2 a Two Blade Sword? A Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Reza Nejat,

Maziar Fayaz Torshizi,

David J. Najafi

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 204 - 204

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Since the spread of deadly virus SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, researchers have restlessly sought to unravel how enters host cells. Some proteins on each side interaction between and cells are involved as major contributors this process: (1) nano-machine spike protein behalf virus, (2) angiotensin converting enzyme II, mono-carboxypeptidase key component renin system cell, (3) some proteases exploited by SARS-CoV-2. In review, complex process entrance into with contribution well sequential conformational changes tending increase probability complexification latter receptor cells, discussed. Moreover, release catalytic ectodomain II its soluble form extracellular space positive or negative impact infectivity considered.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Higher angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease DOI Creative Commons

Louise Reveret,

Manon Leclerc,

Vincent Émond

et al.

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

Abstract Cognitive decline due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is frequent in the geriatric population, which has been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a regulator renin-angiotensin system and main entry receptor SARS-CoV-2 host cells, postmortem parietal cortex samples from two independent AD cohorts, totalling 142 persons. Higher concentrations ACE2 protein (p < 0.01) mRNA were found individuals with neuropathological diagnosis compared age-matched healthy control subjects. Brain soluble inversely associated cognitive scores = 0.02) markers pericytes (PDGFRβ, p 0.02 ANPEP, 0.007), but positively correlated amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) insoluble phospho-tau (S396/404, 0.002). However, no significant differences observed 3xTg-AD mouse model tau Aβ neuropathology. Results immunofluorescence Western blots showed that predominantly localized microvessels brain whereas it more frequently neurons human brain. The present data suggest higher may contribute AD, their role CNS infection remains unclear.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Inflammatory markers and COVID-19 disease progression DOI Creative Commons
Santosh Kumar Sidhwani, Talat Mirza, Ambrina Khatoon

et al.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1386 - 1391

Published: June 26, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global humanitarian crisis. Despite ongoing research, transmission risks and many disease characteristics remain unclear. Most patients have displayed elevated levels of certain inflammatory markers, which we sought to investigate further relation severity. aim this study was examine the correlation between markers severity among patients. We conducted cross-sectional from April September 2020, involving 143 PCR-positive Ziauddin Hospital. Electronic patient records provided data on demographics, clinical status, laboratory results. majority were elderly males with comorbidities such as diabetes hypertension. Almost all exhibited increased various procalcitonin (97.2%) being most common. Statistically significant differences observed TLC (p=0.005), CRP (p=0.001), LDH Ferritin D-dimer (p=0.028), suggest association All except procalcitonin, demonstrated These results could enhance our understanding pathogenesis help predict manage severe cases.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Delta (B1.617.2) variant of SARS-CoV-2 induces severe neurotropic patterns in K18-hACE2 mice DOI Creative Commons
Ju-Hee Yang, Myeon‐Sik Yang, Dae-Min Kim

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

A highly contagious virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused the disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants have been reported to circulate throughout COVID-19 pandemic. symptoms include symptoms, fever, muscle pain, and breathing difficulty. In addition, up 30% of patients experience neurological complications such as headaches, nausea, stroke, anosmia. However, neurotropism infection remains largely unknown. This study investigated neurotropic patterns between B1.617.2 (Delta) Hu-1 (Wuhan, early strain) in K18-hACE2 mice. Despite both inducing similar pathogenic various organs, B1.617.2-infected mice demonstrated a higher range phenotypes weight loss, lethality, conjunctivitis when compared those Hu-1-infected histopathological analysis revealed that infects brain more rapidly effectively than Hu-1. Finally, we discovered that, mice, activation signature genes involved innate cytokines necrosis-related response was most pronounced The present findings indicate neuroinvasive properties link them fatal neuro-dissemination during onset.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis: Pathophysiological Roles of ACE2 and Toll-like Receptors DOI Open Access
Patrizia Pannucci, S Jefferson, Jonathan Hampshire

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5374 - 5374

Published: March 11, 2023

The clinical manifestations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection responsible for disease 2019 (COVID-19) commonly include dyspnoea and fatigue, they primarily involve lungs. However, extra-pulmonary organ dysfunctions, particularly affecting cardiovascular system, have also been observed following COVID-19 infection. In this context, several cardiac complications reported, including hypertension, thromboembolism, arrythmia heart failure, with myocardial injury myocarditis being most frequent. These secondary inflammatory responses appear to be associated a poorer course increased mortality in patients COVID-19. addition, numerous episodes reported as complication mRNA vaccinations, especially young adult males. Changes cell surface expression angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) direct cardiomyocytes resulting from exaggerated immune are just some mechanisms that may explain pathogenesis COVID-19-induced myocarditis. Here, we review pathophysiological underlying infection, particular focus on involvement ACE2 Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Language: Английский

Citations

12